10 Hew Exciting Prognimsln Tliis Issue!
COMPUTE'S
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Available for:
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A high energy
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Available for C64/1 28
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A totally awesome
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GOOD SOFTWARE STORES
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INTERNATIONAL INC.
711 WEST 17th ST„ UNIT G9,
COSTA MESA, CA 92627.
TEL {714)631-1001
J
UlUU
nmrfiints
April 1989 Vol. 7, No. 4
Features
Designing Your Own Programs
Rhett Anderson and
Randy Thompson 12 *
Making it Work
Patrick Panish 15 *
Buyer's Guide to Programming Aids
Caroline D. Hanlon 16 *
Futureware: Science Fiction on Disk
Keith Ferrel! 20 *
Reviews
The Faery Tate Adventure
Neil Randall 30 64
Deslgnasaurus
Robert Bixby 31 64
Neuromancer
Keith Ferreil 32 64
Heavy Metal: Modern Land Combat
Tom Netsel 34 64
Cavemarr Ugh-lympics
Robin and David Minnick 35 64
Writer 64
Robert Bixby 36 64
Games
Space Worms
Jason Merlo 24 64
Brusher
Leonard Morris 29 1 28
Fmrammm
Power BASiC: Italics
Richard Penn 45 128/64
BASIC 10
John Fraleigh 46 64
Sprite Fader Tor the 128
Peter M. L. Lottrup 50 128
Comparator
Michael J. Gibbons 51 64
Super Acceierator for tlie 128
Philip Landman 53 128
Odometer
Buck Childress 54 64
The Programmer's Page: April Fools
Randy Thompson 60 *
BASIC for Beginners:
The Evoiving Program
Larry Cotton 61 128/64/ + 4/16
Machine Language Programming:
Visibie Division
Jim Buttertieid 63 128/64
Ueuartments
Editor's Notes
Lance Elko . , 3 *
Letters to the Editor 5 *
Commodore Clips; News, Notes,
and New Products
Mickey McLean 8 *
Feedback
Editors and Readers 55 *
Bug-Swatter:
Modifications and Corrections . . 58 *
User Group Update
Mickey McLean 59 *
Horizons: A Bit of History
Rhett Anderson 64 *
D'lversions:
What's to Say About Computers?
Fred D'ignazio 65 *
The GEOS Column: File Saver
Jim Tubbs 66 128/64
Program Listings
MLX: IVIachine Language Entry
Program for Commodore 64
and 128 81 128/64
The Automatic Proofreader 90 12B/64/+4/16
How to Type In COMPUTE!'s
Gazette Programs 92 *
Advertisers Index 77
S4 ConirrxKVuo 64. +4 -PlusfJ. IB -CommoaoTO 16.
128 Conimniiwa i?8. • Gmeral
Cover Photo by Mark Wagoner ©1989
Cover Screen Design by Randy Thampson
COMPUTEI'9 GaiBltB (ISSM 0737-3716) is a COMPUTE! Publication, BDd is puWished monthly by Chiltor/ABC Cnnsumar Magazines. Inc.. 826 Seventh /wa., Now York, NY lOOtS, a
division o( ASO Publisblng. Inc., a Capital CltlesfAi3C Inc.. company. ® 1989 ABC Ciwsunier Magailnas. Inc. AN lights roserred Edrtorial odioes are tocaWd at Sulle 200, 324 Wast Wondover
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Software orders over $100 and
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{Even at these prices) You only pay TCP's standard
shipping charge. Orders arriving before 3:00 PMour
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To ordsr: No surcharge on MselsrCard, Visa or AMEX ■ Vour cradil card
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and company checks to cfenr« We accept purchase ofders Irom qtialilied
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[DITOrS
The results are in. Our thanks go to the 1 132 readers who sent in responses to the
"Gazette Readership Survey" from the December issue. While no one vvould
consider this survey to be scientifically accurate, we think it's a significant reflec-
tion of your general interests and plans.
Let's look at some of the more interesting results. In computer ownership,
44% of our readers said that they have 128s, 72% have 64 s, and 6% have Plus/4s.
The 128 percentage is a little higher than we would have guessed — up from the
33% in last year's survey, Nearly one-third (31%) of our readers own or use a non-
Commodore computer. Of that group, the breakdown is PC/Tandy, 54% (many of
you use them at work); VlC-20, 27% (our guess is that they're owned rather than
used); Amiga, 8%; Apple II, 6%; and, finally, Mac, 6%.
In planned computer purchases for the coming year, 62% of you are staying
with what you've got, while the remainder are planning to buy or considering buy-
ing primarily one of three machines: a 128, an Amiga, or a PC/Tandy. A few read-
ers mentioned the 64 and Mac.
Last year, slightly fewer than 50% of you used GEOS, while 28% belonged to
user groups. This year, 54% use GEOS, and the user-group percentage is identical
to last year's number. Also similar to last year's survey results are types of software
purchased in the last year. By far, the top two choices are games (60%) and word
processors (56%). Only 5% purchased no software in the past year.
We see a surprising change from last year among readers who actually pro-
gram their machines; last year, 89%; this year, 77%. Our deduction: We have new
readers who are new computer owners, users as opposed to programmers — a trend
that's seen among the computer-owner community at large, Of those readers who
do program, 85% use BASIC (up from 72% last year). Nine out of ten readers use
the programs we publish in the magazine, and, of this group, 77% type them in.
Like last year's results — but somewhat ironic in light of the decrease among
those who program — the section of the magazine most liked is Programming, The
most regularly read column, by far, is "Feedback." The second most read column is
"News & Products." We anticipated its popularity before the survey was published
and converted this section to the more colorful and prominent "Commodore
Clips" in the January 1 989 issue. All of the other columns appear to be well read —
a nice balance — which affirms our choice in mix of topics.
We're grateful to all of you who responded to the survey; we actually had a lot
of fun watching the numbers change as each batch of forms came in. (Rhett Ander-
son and Randy Thompson, "Horizons" and "Programmer's Page" columnists, re-
spectively, weVe watching to see whose column was read more. The answer is in
Rhett's column this month.)
For those who took the time to write in comments, be assured that all of them
have been read and well noted. Thanks again.
Lance Elko
Senior Editor
COMPUTE!^
FOR COMMODORE PERSONAL COVIPUTrf? U5&I7S
Edolor
Assjslan) Art Diroaor
Assistant Edttors
Features Edrtor
Assstant Features Editor
Tec^^nlca^ Eddor
Assistant TechnioaF Edrtor
Assistant Editor.
Submissons & Dtsk Products
Editortal Asskslant
Copy Editors
Progj-amming Assfsiant
Coniiibuting Editors
Lanco Elko
Robtn L, Str&low
Rholt Anderaan
Randy Thompson
Kctlh FftrreEl
Tom NotseE
Patrick Panri$h
Dale McBarre
David Hvnsiey
MfCkfry McLean
Koren Sicp^k
Tammfco Taylor
KarAd UhlgndoH
Troy Tu<;ker
Jim Bulterfiefd
(Torortio. Canada)
Fred D'ignazio
(E. Lansing, Ml)
David English
ART OEPARTMENT
Junior Designer Meg McArn
M^Clianpcal An Supervisor Robin Caia
MdChanicAl Artist Scolty Blllingt
PRODUCTIOM
OEPARTMENT
Pfodu-ctKjn Director
Assrstan! Production Manager
Production Assistant
Typesetting
Advertising Production
AsSiStar^t
IVIarK E, Hbllyer
Oe PoUer
Kim Potts
Terry Cash
CaroCcr Dunton
Anita Arm field
COMPUTE t PUBLICATIONS
Group Vice PresttJeni,
PutJliSher/EdrtOnal DirOCTOf
Managing Edl1(^
Senior Editor
Editor^l Operations Director
SeniOf Art Directcf
Executive Assistant
Senior Administrative
Assistant
Admini^trativfl Assistants
William Tynan
KalhFoon Martinek
Lence Elko
Tony Roberta
Janice R, Fgry
Sybil Agee
Julia Fleming
Iris Brooks
Cathy P^cAlllaiar
ABC CONSUMER
MAGAZINES. INC.
Senior Vice President RIchdrd D. Bay
Vice Pre&ident. Advertising Peter T, John»m«yef
Vice P^esfdent Orojiation Robert L Gursha
Vice PreSMieni, ProduCl»Dn tiene Bef&on-Wfiirter
Director, Financial Anafysis Andrew E. Landi*
Senior Art Director John Ciofalo
CIRCULATION
DEPARTMENT
Sut?SCrjpiions Qra Black mon'OeBrown
Harold Buckley
Mflureen Buckfey
Beth Meaty
Thomas D- Slater
Raymond Ward
Newsstand Mitch Frank
Jana Friedman
Customer S^vice S. AdekefnlAdarategbe
ABC Consumer Magazines, Jrt ^
CHUTON Company. Orw ol I^e ASC Put^ishmg CompaniK.
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COMPUTBrs Gazette Apnl 19B9 3
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til tlifi tiditnr
Note to Readers
When writhtg to Gazette, please write
to the appropriate department. This
helps us to expedite the mail and pro-
vide answers more quickly. Address
general commeuts and questions to
"Letters to the Etiilor," (For examples,
see below.) For technical and program-
ming questions or problems, lorite to
"Gazette Feedback." If you have a prob-
lem with a program we've published,
address it to "Bug-Swatter." Comments
or questions regarding issues discussed
in columns may be addressed to Ga-
zette in care of the coiumniit.
Oown, but Hot Out
I'm getting frustrated trying to find the
1750 RAM Expander, 1 ordered one
from a mail-order advertiser, but it was
not available. Is it still being made, or is
there a parts problem as some suggest?
joe Foley
The Netherlands
Commodore told us thai the 1750REUs are
slote in coming because of a RAM -chip
shortage. When She chip supply is back to
normal, tlie 1 750s should be easy to find.
VMeogames and the 64
I'm saddened by the fact that companies
like Sega and Nintendo have neglected
the 64. I hope both companies make
software for 64 users. Are there plans by
these companies to publish games like
Super Mario Brothers and Shinobi?
Kevin Lonergan
Merrick, NY
Nintendo doesn't need to bother. The com-
pany has its hands full in supplying soft-
ware for millions of Nintendo videogame
machines. In fact, Nintendo is activeh/ li-
censing a number of successful 64 titles
from game publislters like Epyx.
Sega, on the other hand, has released
a number of its videogames in 64 format —
Out Run, Space Harrier, and Alien Syn-
drome, to name a few. (We've seen Out
Run, and it's an excellent arcade game.)
Mindscape distributes Sega's 64 games.
Many of the arcade games sold for
both videogame machines and personal
computers— from companies like Sega,
Taito, Data East, Capcom, and Konami —
are translations from liie popular arcade
coin-ops. As far as we knoiv, Super Mario
Brothers and Shinobi are not available on
the 64. But if you like that style of arcade
game, there are dozens of others already
out tlierc that are just as challenging and
fun. Incidentally, many arcade connois-
seurs feel that the 64 delivers graphics,
souttd, and piayability better than its video-
cartridge cousins.
Hammering the 6U to Beatti
You published a reader's comment
about Commodore's lack of interest in
service. Boy, did you understate it. I
have a 64 and 1525 printer, both of
which have been a royal pain. The print-
er still prints nothing except the test pat-
tern. The last shop I contacted said they
would look at the 1525 for S15 ifi insist-
ed, but highly recommended I junk it be-
cause they consider it a "throwaway"
printer. I wouldn't wish Commodore on
my worst enemy. It will provide me one
moment of pleasure soon, however. I
am shopping for a new machine, and as
soon as I buy a replacement (not a Com-
modore), I'm going to take my »5
sledgehammer and smash the 64 and
1525 flat, 1 admire you for supporting
the 64, but I think you're fighting a los-
ing battle.
Bill Fullman
Baton Rouge, LA
We know a guy who had a bad experience
loith a Ford a feio years ago. He'll never
buy another. Others loyally buy Ford after
Ford with nary a complaint. It seems the
computer biz is just about the same.
On Disk, Too
In your November issue, you published
a program, "Magnifier," by Robert
Bixby. Can you tell me whether this is
included on one of your disks? To judge
from the article, this program would be
very useful to a member of our family
with serious eyesight limitations.
Donald G. Dunn
Berkeley, CA
One of the reasons we purchased and pub-
lished this program was for the reason you
state: It is very helpful to the sight -
impaired, Evciy issue of Gazette has a
companion disk which includes all the pro-
grams found in the corresponding issue.
Back issues of monthly disks are available
for $15.00 each; 12-month subscriptions,
for $69.95. Details may befomid elsewhere
in this issue.
Take a Bite oat o1 Apple
In January's "Editor's Notes," Lance
Elko argued persuasively that Commo-
dore must direct its strategy in a deci-
sive direction. Interestingly,
"Commodore Goes Back to School"
was published just three months earlier
in Gazette. It is that education market
that Commodore is poised lo collect.
With Apple's recent price increases
(S2,000— IlGS, $3,000— Mac SE), Com-
modore should be able to woo may
schools into its camp. Children like
bright, pretty things, but they hate to
read lots of text. An Amiga with good
software can teach not only graphically,
but also acoustically. Talking machines
really interest young people (witness
the success of Speak 'n Spell), and the
Amiga's built-in speech capabilities are
ideally suited for that purpose.
High schools and colleges are like-
ly to be even more interested in lower-
priced systems with CAD/CAM capa-
bilities (industrial arts and
engineering), spreadsheets and word
processors (business classes), enhanced
BASIC (computer classes), digital
sound (music department), and out-
standing graphics (visual arts), But
Commodore must show its support and
be willing to stand behind its machines.
Commodore must direct its energy
to be successful, but more importantly
it must be visible. Let the people know
about the Amiga, not just hope for
word-of-mouth advertisement. If Com-
modore is able to make its presence felt
in the education market, home users
will flock to the system for the same
reason that they went to Apples (Our
kids will have an advantage because they
have the same computer at home that they
have at school). Commodore must focus
on the education market if the Amiga is
to be the huge success it can he,
Andrew Clark
St. fames, MN
COMPUTEI's Gazmta April 1989 5
Order Toll Free
Order Toll Free
8QQ-558-0QQ3 t^o^.^Ce.!K^.^o^/e.'^8QQ-558-0003
COMMODORES
12K D Computer. 45<) Del
W-C Computer 14') Del
64-Cwitli 1541C-n 325 Del
PC- Colt with Monitor ....7 19 Del
1084S Stereo Monitor .... 319 Del
1K02 Monitor ....215 Del
1571 Disk Diivt 24')Dcl
15til DiskDiive IMDel
1750 Ram expander CALL
1764 Ram expander CALL
I'let' (leli^'el■v to the
contiguous USA on the items
Vwilh "Dtl" next to tlif prlci'.
m
,,^^, PANASONIC,.,,,
1 180 fiew Call
I091i-Il 185
1191 NEW .....CALL
1124 tKw 24 pill 329
NX-IOOO.....?!^.^ 175
NX- 1000 Rainbow 229
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Avutex I200E
Avatcx 2400 ...
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.,65
135
C O ^1 M O tl O R J
AMIQ
2 5 0O
14 M!l7, 68020 CPU
40 Mej; Hard Drive
3 Meg RAM
Call For The
Lowest Price
jn >( 1 [ > im
AMiS: /v'lviic/
Call For The Lowest Prices
r o f.1 M o D o s 1
^ li :i I ■ d \va r e"~~^
Amiga Biidgelward CALL
A-2058 2rreg Ram Exp ....CALL
A-10)0DiskDiive CALL
A-501 Rarn Expansion .....CALL
Amiga 1084s Monitoi CALL
Haid Dtiwes (Amiga) CALL
Livfl{A-2000) , 349
Live(A-500) 319
AIR Internal Diive (a-2000) 139
A^^R External Diiye 149
Gen 1 Genlock S675 Delivered'
Drive Special
Milkier 3A 1 1010 tt.m[ij Drive
$149 Delivered
BnA*r Hi^c _..._._ _
CAD- I'ath ...._...„..., ™
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P.O. Box 17882, Milwaukee, Wl 53217
Order Toll Free
800-558-0003
For Wl Orders and Technical Info
414-367-8181
FAX-<414>a57-7814
Open M-F9ain-9pm Sot 1 laiTh^^m Central
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IP Tvlwpn* pniMi riflVI, a
More CP/M Sources
I'm writing in response to those 128 owners who seem to
be having trouble finding CP/M software. Here are some
places to look:
1. Local user groups that support the 128.
2. Local BBSs. (Look for 128 or CP/M boards. Most
good BBSs will list all types of BBS services in your area.
You don't need a CP/M terminal program to access the
CP/M boards.)
3. Dynacomp (178 Phillips Road, Webster, New York
14580) has a large collection of CP/M software for rent or
purchase. They have the Piconet, CP/M User's Group,
SIG/M, and Kaypro User's Group public domain series.
They also have other programs listed in their catalog.
4. WordStar, Supi^rcalc, Worttpac, and MBask can be
purchased from PDSC, 33 Gold Street, L3, New York,
New York 10038, for $39 each.
5. QuantumLink has its own CP/M software section
in the CI 28 library.
6. There is a resurgence of magazine ads for 128
CP/M software.
If anyone would like additional information, I'm will-
ing to correspond as well as make available my collection
of public domain software.
jack Pitgh
11718 Golden Blvd.
Bellevuc. NE 68323
Thanks for the helpful tips.
BBS List
Do you have a list of bulletin board systems or know
where I could find such a list?
Gre^ Goodall
Petawawa, Ontario
We don't have a comprehensive list of Conwwdore bulletin
boards, but you'll find considerable help in our next two issues.
In every May and June i$$ue, ive publish our "Guide to Com-
modore User Groups, " a fairly extensive list of groups, many of
which have bulletin board numbers listed. We split the guide
into Hvo issues because of its length: Pari 1 (May) lists groups
in U.S. states beginning with letters A-M; Part 2 (June) lists
groups in states N-Z and countries outside the U.S.
Cammofiore's Plans
I'm interested in business software, hard drives, and multi-
tasking. What does Commodore plan to do in these areas
for the 64 and 128?
Gili'crf Fournicr
Neio Bedford, MA
It's no secret that Commodore is shifting its marketing efforts
from the 8-bit line (64 and 128) to 16-bit computers (Amiga
and IBM-PC compatibles). It will continue to make 64s and
128s as long as they sell, but ads and promotions for these ma-
chines are scarce.
We haven't heard about any new hardware peripherals
for the 64 or 128 from Commodore. Third-pmrty manufactur-
ers like Xetec and jCT produce hard driiws, and software pub-
lishers such as Timeworks, Softsync, and Spinnaker make
quality business software.
True multitasking is not practical on the 64 and 128 be-
cause of limited memory and slow microprocessor speed. A
simple multitasking utility, "64 MuUifaskcr," appeared in the
November 1986 issue. This program lets you run livo BASIC
f)rograms at the same time. If you really need true multitask-
ing, hoivever, you should consider an Amiga. G
Faster than a Speeding Cartridge j
More Powerfu! f/ran a Turbo ROM I
It's Fast, It's Compame, It's Complete, It's... i
JitfyPOS
I Ultra-FasI Disk Oparatlng System lor the C-64, SX-64 & C-12B
• SpMds up all disk o|>afitii>ns. Load, Save. Foimal. Scralc)^, Validate, accss:
PRG, SEO, REL, ti USF^ liles up lo 1S limei tiHir!
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COMpDORE CLIPS
*-^rf3^tl%\Vi^Ri5T ES. AND NEW PRODUCTS
~~ Ninjas in Tandem
Mickey McLean
Twice a year the electronics world gathers to show its wares. Although the
computer exhibit at this year's winter Consumer Electronics Show in Las
Vegas was dominated by Nintendo and Sega games, Commodore software
publishers made their presence known.
Here's a look at some of the new products coming soon to your 64 and
128.
A Jewel from Epyx
Several new titles for the 64 were an-
nounced by Epyx (600 Galveston
Drive, P.O. Box 3020, Redwood City,
California 94063), but one, Devon Aire
hi "The Hidden Diamond Caper"
($29.95), drew a lot of attention.
The game puts you in the role of
the savvy Devon Aire, a reformed cat
burglar. Devon has been hired by the
v\'ealthy widow Crutchfield to find
her priceless jewel collection. Her late
husband trusted no one and stashed
the jewels somewhere In the mazelike
Crutchfield manor.
To find clues, you must look
through 30 rooms, secret passage-
ways, and hidden doors that conceal
the mysteries of the mansion. Objects
must be pushed, pulled, stacked, or
collected in order to discover clues,
solve puzzles, and find the gems.
In addition to the mansion's se-
crets, you must also avoid mutant pig-
mice and killer canaries, the results of
Crutchfield's genetic experiments.
You have three lives to find and
return the jewels them to Lady
Crutchfield, but you must still find
your way out of the mansion.
8 COMPUTE! s GazetW April 1989
The Return
of Commodore
For the first time in several years.
Commodore made an appearance at
CES. Its large booth featured mostly
Amigas, including the new model
2500. Commodore also showcased its
line of PC compatibles and, through-
out its booth, hosted several software
publishers with new products.
Camouflaged Booth
Game publisher Taito Software (267
West Esplanade, Suite 206, North
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
V7M) had hosts and hostesses dressed
in military camouflage to greet visitors
as they stopped to see Operatiotj Wolf
($34,95). Converted from one of the
top-rated coin -operated games of
1988, Operaliou Wolf is set in a
steamy jungle where heavily armed
terrorists are holding innocent civil-
ians hostage. You must instigate a
commando-style mission to free the
hostages by overtaking captors in a
weapons facility, routing them from a
jungle hideout, and finally leading the
Activision (Mediagenic, 3885 Bohan-
non Drive, Menlo Park, California
94025) introduced the sequel to The
Last Ninja at Winter CES. Last Ninja 1
($34.95) continues the original story
hne after the defeat of Shogun Kuni-
toki, a samurai master who has elimi-
nated the entire brotherhood of the
White Ninjitsi except one — the Last
Ninja.
The sequel takes you from the
shogun's domain in Japan to the
streets of Manhattan, where you must
destroy the samurai master Armakuni.
In order to succeed, you must use
martial arts skills to defeat the corrupt
members of New York's police force
who protect the villain.
There are seven levels to battle
through, including Central Park, the
street, the sewers, the mansion, the
high-rise, and the Inner Sanctum. The
city features mazes to explore, puzzles
to solve, and enemies to fight, includ-
ing the samurai master's henchmen
and a dangerous leopard. Your ninja
is equipped with an arsenal of weap-
onry including swords, staffs, nuncha-
kus, and a shuriken.
laihi iUew a lot of attention with Operation
Wolf.
hostages aboard a rescue plane.
In the game's six missions, you
must overcome enemy gunboats, heli-
copters, armored vehicles, and enemy
soldiers. Sound effects include the
sound of rotor blades and staccato
bursts of gunfire.
COMMODORE CLIPS
NEWS, NOTES, AND NEW PRODUCTS
Magic Man Hits
Computer Courts
In keeping with tlie recent trend of
sports-superstar endorsments, Virgin
Mastertronic (711 West 17th Street,
Suite G9, Costa Mesa, California
92627) announced that "Magic" John-
son of the world-champion LA, Lak-
ers will endorse its upcoming
basketball game under the Melbourne
House label.
Magic Johnson's Basketball will be
a translation of the new arcade coin-
op, Magic Johnson's Fast Break. John-
son not only contributed his name to
the product, but also provided com-
mentary on style and technique dur-
ing the development process.
The game features seven rounds
of two-on-two play and then a final
round where you face Magic himself.
You can execute plays such as the
pick 'n' roll alley-oop, slam dunk,
and fast break.
futuristic Role Playing
Infocom (125 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140} claims
to have produced the largest computer role-playing game available. BattlcTech
($39,95) has a geography of over 4 million locations.
The story line places you in the role of Jason Youngblood, who must battle
against the Kurita warriors. His father, the legendary BattleMcch warrior, led a
squadron to meet the enemy but has never returned. In addition to saving the
planet, you must also find your father.
Animated out-takes display emotional responses of the characters and
zoom in on the battle-action sequences.
You can also sharpen your battle skills by visiting The Arena, which can
help you build up your cash and practice your skills as a Mech warrior. As the
game progresses, the battles become more frequent and deadly. Should you not
want to fighl a particular battle, an intelligent program in the game fights it for
you.
Arcadia from EA
Electronic Arts' (1820 Gateway Drive, San Mateo, California 94404) affiliate la-
bel Arcadia has introduced Arlura ($39.99), This arcade adventure places you in
the title role of High King. To defeat a horde of invaders, you must unite the
chieftains of Britain under your leadership. To do this you must gain possession
of long-lost sacred treasures.
You must find the missing Merdyn the Mage, who knows where the trea-
sures are. You suspect foul play, but your only clue is that your evil half sister,
Morgause, has kidnapped Nimue, Merdyn's apprentice.
To obtain the glory of High King, you must rescue Merdyn and recover the
treasures.
Quality Joysticks for Less
Camerica {230 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10001) announced a new
line of inexpensive joysticks for the Commodore 64 and 128, Each of the low-
cost models features the popular pistol-grip design used in arcades. The Mag-
num (S7.99) and the Warrior ($7.99) have bubble switches, while the Dragon
(S9.99) has a combination of bubble and micro switches. The Micro Master
($15,99) has all micro switches.
Microlllusions Has
the Rights
Microlllusions (17408 Chatsworth
Street, Granada Hills, California
91344) announced its purchase of the
publishing rights to Dondra^A New
Begimiitjg ($49.95) from Spectrum
HoloByte. Microlllusions, whose prod-
ucts are distributed by Mediagenic,
will also be producing all further in-
stallments in the Questmaster series,
including the Dondra Trilogy.
The ultimate goal in the graphics-/
text-adventure trilogy is to destroy the
occupying evil and restore the ;vorld
of Dondra to its rightful position as
leader of a peaceful universe.
Players receive experience points
based on attributes of play such as
items gained, how the Crystal Prism
was acquired, the number of times the
game was saved, and the amount of
time taken to complete the quest. All
experience points can be transported
into future Questmaster modules,
COMPUWs Galeae April 1969 9
COMMODORE CLIPS
•♦M##
Bad Dudes Around the Corner
M###
NOTES, AND NEW PRODUCTS
The Force Is with Us
Stnr Wars is back. Brctderbund (17
Pan! Drive, Snn Rafael, California
94903) introduced a software version
of the mega-hit movie.
Based on the Lucasfilm movie
and coin-op videogame, Slar Wars
($29.95) places you in the role of
Luke Skywalker as you maneuver
your X-Vk-ing fighter through attack
waves in an attempt to destroy the
Empire's Death Star.
Your 3-D view from the cockpit
provides images similar to ones seen
in the movie.
A Titanic Adventure
IntraCorp (14160 SW 139th Court,
Miami, Florida 33186) showed the
new Capstone adventure simulation,
Search far the Titanic (S34.95).
The world's most famous ship-
wreck is now on the computer screen
with the challenges, dangers, excite-
ment, and realism of scientific under-
water exploration, The game was
reviewed for accuracy by staff mem-
bers at the Woods Hole Oceanograph-
ic Institution, the organization that
first discovered and photographed the
Titanic wreck. The program contains
digitized pictures from the actual
photos of the Titanic, taken at a depth
of more than 12,000 feet.
You begin as an inexperienced
oceanographer searching for the
wreck of the Titanic. To build your
reputation as an explorer, you must
gain points for finding and exploring
other tost vessels and earning the re-
sources necessary for a Titanic search.
Search for the Titanic features over
100 navigational maps and charts, 47
ports of call, realistic weather patterns
and currents, sonar, magnetometers,
underwater cameras, and minisubs.
Once you've discovered the ship
and its treasures, you are rewarded
with the digitized pictures of the
wreck site. G
Another popular coin-op that's coming to the 64 was introduced by Data East
(470 Needles Drive, San Jose, California 95112), Bad Dudes ($34.95) features
fast and furious action in the form of street fighting.
You assume the role of a modern-day hero on a mission to rescue the
President of the United States from deadly kidnappers. Blade and Striker are
two street fighters out to preserve good and justice. They must fight their way
through waves of ninjas, dogs, and other enemies, using weapons such as
knives, shurikens, nunchakus, and their fists.
Fast reflexes and the ability to stay calm under pressure are requirements
in this two-player game.
Hi Tech Affiiiates
Hi Tech Expressions (584 Broadway, New York, New York 10012) announced a
new affiliate-label program designed to make popular software titles from a
wide variety of publishers available to the mass market. Hi Tech's effort posi-
tions the company as a publishing/distribution option for developers and pub-
lishers who wish to enter the value-priced computer software market.
The company's first affilialod-labe! agreement is with Datasoft, a recent ac-
quisition of The Software Toolworks, Hi Tech has shipped three Datasoft game
titles already, with several more to follow,
The initial releases include Bruce Lee, Conan, and Zorto.
Tangled Up with Origin
Origin Systems (136 Harvey Kond, Building B, Londonderry, New Hampshire
03053), through its new distributor Droderbund, introduced Tangled Tales
($29.95), a fantasy role-playing adventure that casts you as a wizard's appren-
tice. You receive three progressively difficult tasks to perform as proof of your
worthiness. The game features a world of haunted houses, medieval fortresses,
and contemporary country farms. Along the way you meet more than 50 odd
characters.
Tangled Tales has an easy-to-use menu and icon interfaces, and the game
has a somewhat lighter theme than others in this genre.
10 COMPUTE rs Gazette April 1989
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To get your copy of the Utilma Trilogy, either
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Programming is an excellent hobby. It's fun
to make your computer do what you want it
to. However, when it comes to writing a
complete program, it's time to step back and
think about your goals. How will you go
about writing the program? What tools will
you use? What steps will you take on your
way to completing the project?
Some programmers follow a certain
procedure each time they write a program.
They might have learned the steps from a
book or a programming class, or they might
have picked up certain habits as they taught
themselves how to make a working pro-
gram. Other programmers just sit down and
start typing. Even these programmers,
though, already have many of the necessary
elements of the program in their heads
before they begin. We'll take a look at sever-
al programming strategies. If you're a be-
ginner, you'll find out what considerations
are common. If you're an intermediate pro-
grammer, you'll learn how to tackle larger
projects. And if you're an expert, you may
benefit by analyzing your own strategies.
Coming I'p With an Idea
This is where most people get stuck. It's not
enough to come up with a hazy idea of what
kind of program you want; you need to de-
fine exacdy what you're out to accomplish.
Many successful programmers do this in
their heads, but it can be helpful to write
down a specific plan of attack. This may
include a complete specification for a pro-
gram. Drawing sample screens and plan-
ning sound effects can also help.
Many times you'll come up with an
12 COMPUTErs GaiettB April 1969
Rhett Anderson
und
Randy Thompson
Take complete
cantrol of your
computer —
program itJ Tw)
veteran
programmers
discus.^ the tools
and the methods
of the tradc.T
idea when you're investigating the capabili-
ties of the machine. You might, for example,
be reading about the VIC-II video chip in
Mapping the 64 and think of a great new
technique for scrolling the screen. Then you
might think of a program that would take
advantage of this technique. Add a few
things you've learned about rotating sprites,
and you might have a complete program.
Sometimes you can get stuck because
you know the limitations of the machine.
Getting ideas from less computer-literate
friends can expand your horizons. Their
thoughts aren't limited to eight sprites, three
sound voices, 64K of RAM, and 16 colors.
Take clues from other media. The next
time you watch Iron or Star Wars, or the next
time you watch the nightly news, try to get
ideas that would make for a good program.
The best audience for your ideas is you.
If you find that you need a certain utility
while you program or if you think you have
some great ideas for a word processor, write
it yourself, if you need it, maybe other peo-
ple do, too. Necessity is the mother of in-
vention, after ail.
If all else fails, give your subconscious a
try. Many great game ideas have come from
dreams. Keep a notepad and pencil at your
bedside, just in case.
Keep in mind that not all ideas are prac-
tical or even possible. What may be a unique
and interesting concept may prove impossi-
ble to implement on a microcomputer such
as the 64. Often, however, ideas can be
scaled down to fit within the confines of the
machine. And if you're designing a urility, be
sure that you're not just creating a solution
for which there is no problem.
Choosing a Language
Although it's theoretically possible to write
a program in almost any language, some
languages are best suited to particular types
of applications. (You wouldn't want to write
a game in COBOL.) For most purposes,
BASIC will suffice. You can even use a
BASIC compiler like BASIC-64 from Abacus
to speed up your efforts. For more advanced
programs and fast-action games, where
speed is critical, machine language is proba-
bly the best choice.
Commodore 64 and 128 owners are
fortunate that their computers can run a va-
riety of languages. Available programming
languages include BASIC, assembly (or ma-
chine) language, FORTRAN, COMAL,
PROMAL, Pascal, C, Ada, and a few others.
BASIC and assembly language arc the most
popular languages for 8-bit Commodore
computers for several reasons. Both lan-
guages are built into the computer. If you
plan on writing a program for publication in
a book or magazine, you should probably
use one of these two languages. You can, of
course, use any language if you're writing
software for your own use.
Tools
Programming utilities make life easier.
Cross-reference programs, debuggers, ma-
chine language monitors, and BASIC exten-
sions that add helpful editing commands all
have their place. With the right tools, you
can cut your programming time in half.
Some utilities can be used with several
languages. SYSR£S (from Solidus Interna-
tional), for example, can be used to edit 64
BASIC or assembly language text files. Ga-
zette's own "MetaBASIC" can aid in editing
BASIC programs and assembly language
programs written in PAL or Burfdy-I2S.
Sprite editors, character editors, and sound
editors are all vital programming tools. Ga-
zette has published several such editors.
If you choose to write your program in
BASIC, you may consider purchasing a
cross-reference utility such as X-Ref 64,
from Abacus, This type of tool evaluates
your program and creates printouts that list
program variables and line-number refer-
ences— an invaluable tool for debugging.
You might also consider using a BASIC edi-
tor enhancer such as SYSRES or MetaBASIC,
These utilities offer trace commands that
allow you to track program flow.
No assembly language programmer
should be without a good machine lan-
guage monitor. If you can find one, try to
get a monitor that allows you to single-step
through your program.
If you're using another language, like
Pascal or C, you can use the tools and utili-
ties provided with the package.
Decisions, Decisions
Once you have your idea straight and your
programming environment fine-tuned, it's
time to start making hard choices. Like it or
not, there are certain restrictions that every
programmer must face. These include time
restraints, hardware limitations, and the
limitations of your abilities and experience.
If you try to tackle too tough a job too early
in your programming career, you're bound
to get frustrated. Back off and try something
a bit less challenging.
Just what will be the look and feel of
the program? Will your program require
graphics? If so, what sort? Will you use
sprites? The hi-res screen? Redefined char-
acters? Be sure to read up on the techniques
for using the graphics you need.
What about the user interface? If your
program is an arcade game, you'll probably
want to use a joystick. A strategy game
could use either joystick or keyboard. If
you're designing a productivity application,
you might want to consider using a mouse,
pull-down menus, and windows. The added
effort will make the program easier to use
and much more visually appealing.
To find out whether your program is
intuitive, get an inexperienced computer
user to test it. People who are unfamiliar
with computers will do things you'd never
think of. It's important that anyone be able
to use your program. To help make this pos-
sible, you should think about adding de-
scriptive error messages and help screens.
One well- writ ten help screen can replace
pages of documentation.
Organize
When you're ready to write your program,
you must decide exactly how it will be orga-
nized. Most programmers break their code
into subroutines or subprograms, where
each subsection performs a specific task.
These sections can be tested independendy
prior to being glued together into a com-
plete program.
How you execute each section is very
important. Some parts may need to be writ-
ten in machine language for speed. Others
may be interrupt-driven, such as back-
ground music or sprite animation.
Memory organization can be critical in
many 64 programs, especially those that use
hi-res screens, sprites, or redefined charac-
ter sets. The 4K block of memory starting at
$C00O (49152) is often used for data stor-
COMPUTErs Gazette April 1989 13
age. If your program has to interact with a
utility, keep in mind that many utilities will
use all or part of this space (for example, the
DOS Wedge). If your memory layout will be
complicated or unusual, consider drawing a
memory map sho\ving where each memorj'-
requiring element will go.
Over the years, many methods of pro-
gram organization have been taught. Flow
charts were in vogue for a wrhile, A flow
chart is a diagram of the program's logic.
This is a high-level look at what the key de-
cisions and functions of the program are.
Many programmers use pseudocode
when planning their programs. Pseudocode
is similar to procedural languages like Pas-
cal and C, but it is interspersed with plain
English phrases.
Now is the time to choose between top- |
down, bottom-up, and modular program-
ming. In top-down programming, you first
plan the overall flow of the program with a
flow chart or with pseudocode. After you've '{
finished designing the main program, you
design the subroutines it uses. These sub-
routines might, in turn, rely upon other sub-
routines. Sooner or later you'll reach the
bottom of the nest, where you'll have to
handle all the details.
In bottom-up programming, you start
by writing routines that you believe will be
necessary for the program you're working
on. These routines might be your low-level
sound or sprite handlers. Starting from
these routines, you build a program which
connects the pieces.
Modular programming unites top-
down and bottom-up programming. In
modular programming, you define the in-
terfaces for the routines you will need. Each
module can be independently tested before
it is used.
When you write a large program, you'll
probably pick and choose among all of
these methods. If you find yourself getting
lost, try a different approach.
The Final Product
Sooner or later, you'll decide that your pro-
gram is finished. Take one last look at it.
You've probably solved some new prob-
lems during your ordeal. Keep the solutions
(and more importantly, the methods you
used for coming up with the solutions) in
your head for the next program vou write.
If your program is for your own use,
you've finished. If it's designed to be used
by a friend, or if you're selling the program,
it's time to beta -test the software and write
the documentation. Since you wrote the
program, it will be obvious to you how each
14 COMPUTEIs Gazelle April 1989
feature works. If it's not obvious to the peo-
ple that beta -test your software, you'll have
to make some modifications to your pro-
gram or be more explicit in your instruc-
tions. Documentation is an important part
of any program.
Finishing your first program is an excit-
ing experience. And with each new program
that you write, you'll find tools and tech-
niques of your own to tackle new and more
challenging problems. In the following arti-
cle, you'll see how our technical editor tack-
les a programming problem.
<» JAtJyh^iHi Glossary of Terms
!« tiriil n(it
i!ii-t!u'i- Mim
'miuitiv'', i^i^t an
incxju'riciH'i'tl
Vt'omjjutcr 'User' it^v
iiM ti. IVoplo j
I,;; ; ..who. arf',;i!
,L;Oijfan)i^liai',,vvi
,,;l'«)mp«t«! ?:»,.«'
lings V«'
'.^ T'r'
assembler. A program which translates as-
sembly language source code into machine
language.
beta-test. The process of testing a program,
conducted by someone other than the
programmer.
compiler. A program which translates the
source code of a high-level language into
machine language.
debugger. An environment which allows
you to interact with the object code of a
program. Typical features include single-
stepping through the instructions of a pro-
gram and analysis of the variables of a
program.
DOS Wedge. A commonly used program
(comes with the computer) for the 64 and
128 that allows easy access to the disk drive.
flow chart. A graphical representation of
the logic flow of a program.
high-level language. A portable language,
such as BASIC or Pascal, which provides
abstractions that allow programmers to ig-
nore the details of machine code.
interrupt-driven. Describes a section of
program code that operates upon an
interrupt.
(machine language) monitor. A program
which lets you work interactively with ma-
chine language code,
memory map. A diagram which graphically
depicts the memory layout used by a
program.
object code. The code which is generated
by a high-level language compiler or an
assembler.
pseudocode. A section of code ivritten in a
combination of a high-level language and a
human language.
redefined characters. Replacement defini-
tions for one or more characters. Often used
for foreign language characters or graphics
on the standard text screen.
source code. Code written in a high-level
language or assembly language.
.1
king It Work
•^iiit^^
Writing a program, like any other
task, is greatly simplified if you ap-
ply the old adage "Divide and con-
quer." Begin with an overall picture
of what you want to accomplish in
the program, and then break it into
smaller, less complex bits.
We'll see how this approach
works as we go about writing a
sample program on the Commo-
dore 64. And in the process, we can
examine some of the important as-
pects of programming.
The Idea
The first step in writing a program
is deciding what you want the pro-
gram to do. For demonstration pur-
poses, let's write a short BASIC
game. A classic that's relatively
easy to write is the game of trap.
In this game, two players are
initially positioned in the middle of
a play field surrounded by a border.
When the game begins, the two
players advance toward one another;
each leaves behind a trail. The ob-
ject of the game is to avoid all
obstructions — your own trail, the
other player's trail, and the bor-
der— for as long as you can.
Knowing what the program's
going to be about, we can now or-
ganize our tools for the job. Since
the program will be written in
BASIC, get a copy of the program-
ming utility "MetaBASIC" (in the
February 1987 issue) if you can.
You'll also want some pertinent ref-
erence books. Two excellent
sources that demonstrate a number
of programming techniques are
Commodore 64 Programmer's Refer-
ence Guide and Programming the
Commodore 64, by Raeto West.
.\ Procedural Outline
Before we actually start writing the
program, we need to "rough it out."
That is, we want to list in order the
major routines that will appear in
the program.
Patrick Parrisli
Remember: As the program
develops, some routines will be
added, others deleted. This is only
natural, so don't worry if you don't
get it right the first time. Your pro-
cedural list can and will change
along the way. A step-wise proce-
dure for our program would go
something like this:
1. InitialiKC variables.
2. Set up play field.
3. Last round? If yes, then step 15.
4. Cheek player I's joystick,
5. Update player I's position.
6. Player 1 collision?
7. If so, update score and round
number; then go to step 2.
8. 1/ no collision, move player 1.
9. Check player 2's joystick,
10. Update player 2's position.
11, Player 2 collision?
12, If so, update score and round
number; then go to step 2.
13. If no collision, move player 2.
14. Co to step 4.
15, Bnd-of-game routine.
If you know how to construct a flow
chart, you may prefer to represent
the procedural outline in that form.
After you've listed the routines
in the program, the project becomes
a lot simpler. If you're uncertain
about how you're going to write
each routine, look in your reference
books for similar routines in other
programs. Also, magazines or books
with type- in programs are helpful.
Write the Program
Since this is a game program, the
most important routine in terms of
the overall program development is
the second one above — setting up
the play field. Let's begin.
First, using a screen-memory
map (found in your user's guide),
draw the play field exactly as you'd
envision it. The play field is sur-
rounded by a border, except the
first and last lines of the screen,
which will hold each player's score.
Characters representing the two
players are positioned on the
screen, along with a message that
tells users how to start the gaflie.
Next, using the screen dia- ;|
gram, write the routine that draws
the play field (lines 140-260). No-
tice that 1 POKEd the correspond-
ing color byte before POKEing each
border character. This prevents a
flickering effect, should the original
background color be different from
the color I POKEd. Also, 1 defined
the border character and color, as
well as those of the players, as vari-
ables. You could change them later
with little effort— perhaps to give
the game a different look.
The rest of the program grows
from this routine. The listing is lib-
erally commented with REMarks,
so you shouldn't have trouble fol-
lowing it.
Teat and Enhance
Once you have the program run-
ning, concentrate on debugging and
improving it. There are a number of
enhancements you can add. These
include sound, redefined characters
for the players, and various play op-
tions (for example, providing differ-
ent speeds and randomly placing
obstruchons on the play field).
If you find the game a little
sluggish, there are many ways that
you can speed it up. First, you can
define all constants in the game
loop (lines 300-480) as variables.
But to accomplish the ultimate,
you'll have to rewrite the loop in
machine language (ML).
If you're unfamiliar with ma-
chine language, a short program
like this one is an ideal place to gain
some experience. Start with simple
routines rather than trying to write
an entire program. Of course, if you
take on this project, you'll need an
assembler (PAL— available through
Spinnaker Software — is superb) and
an ML monitor {"Supermon 64" —
published in COMPUTEl's Machine
Language for Beginners, by Richard
Mansfield — is a favorite). Also,
some books on ML would be handy.
See program listing on page 76. G
COMPUTE! s Gazette April 1969 15
;iiiiViiiliiiltlilWilliimilUViilltUliHtUl\lllkiilWllt«llMtaUU\^WiMWuWiMttW\V.''
Buyer's Guide To
PROGRAMMIN
AIDS
Caroline D. Hanlon
■'%'■
Serious about programming? You can mal<e tlie job much easier and save a lot of time with tiie right tool.
This guide shows what's currently available for 64 and 128 programmers.
ADA Training Course
Abacus
$39.95
ADA is the program-development language
of the U.S. Department of Defense, and ttiis
package contains tools for creating pro-
grams in that language. The system includes
an editor, syntax checker and compiler, as-
sembler, disassembler, and manual.
Assembler/MonKor
Abacus
S39.95
Programmers can develop machine lan-
guage programs for the 54 with this pack-
age. The assembler supports macro
assembler capabilities, conditional assem-
bly, full-screen editing, symbol-table listings,
and source-file chaining. It can assemble to
bisk, tape, or memory The monitor pro-
gram can be used to hunt, disassemble
code, transfer or compare blocks of data,
access other memory banks, quick-trace
with breakpoints, or perform single-step ex-
ecution. The monitor and assembler pro-
grams can coexist and are both written in
machine language.
BASIC-128
Abacus
Cammodare 128
S59.95
BASIC-T28 is a compiler to speed up
BASIC 2.0 and 7.0 programs on the 128.
The program can be used to manage mem-
ory compile programs in speed code (pseu-
docode) or machine language, optimize
FOR -NEXT loops, send commands to the
disk drive, or change compiling parameters.
The 128 version offers high-precision math
functions and uses integer and formula opti-
mizing techniques. The package also con-
tains a runtime module,
BASIC-64
Abacus
S39.95
BASIC-64 is a compiler for increasing ihSJl
speed of BASIC programs. The program
can be used to manage memory, compile
programs in speed code (pseudocode) or
machine language, optimize FOR-NEXT
loops, send commands to the disk drive, or
change compiling parameters. The 64 ver-
sion can compila BASIC 2.0 programs using
the overlay feature and BASIC extensions
such as Simons' BASIC, VICTREE, and
BASIC 4.0. A runtime module is included.
COBOL-64 and -128
Abacus
Commodore 128 of 54
£39.95
COBOL is designed to help users learn to
program on the 64 or 12B in COBOL. It fea-
tures a syntax-checking editor, a compiler,
an interpreter, a crunch function to reduce
memory size, sample programs, and sym-
bolic debugging tools such as breakpoint,
trace, and single step. The program sup-
ports a subset of ANSI COBOL 74 and is
available in versions for either the Commo-
dore 64 or 128. The 128 version works in
either 40- or 80-column mode, A 1 50- page
manual is included.
16 COMPUTE rs Getette Apfil 1969
Commodore Logo
Terrapin
S69.00
Commodore Logo is an active learning envi-
ronment for children tfiat can be used to
teach mathematical reasoning, creativity,
and protdem solving. The list-processing
feature can also be used vi/ith language
arts. The program combines text and
graphics and uses eight turties to draw pic-
tures and animations. TTiis introduction to
computer programming contains seven
sprites, 1 5 colors, and entianced music ca-
pabiiities. Compatibie products available
from Terrapin include Logo Works curricu-
lum-support materials for classroom use
and Logoware produas such as the Logo
Data Toolkit. Commodore Logo is also
available in a five-disk pack for $149.00 or a
ten-disk pack for $199.00.
The Final Cartridge III
Datel Electronics
$54.95
The Final Cartridge III is a cartridge-based
operating system for the S4 and 128. It fea-
tures pull-down menus, windows, and more
than 60 commands and functions. The Cal-
culator accepts input from a mouse, key-
board, or joystick and enables the 128
numeric keypad to be used in 64 mode.
Note Pad is a mini vrord processor with
proportional characters. A freezer menu can
tie used for printing and screen dumps, kill-
ing sprites, changing a joystick to an auto-
tire mode, protecting the computer when
changing joystick ports, and backing up to
tape or distt. The ML monitor does not re-
side in memory; it contains a sprite editor, a
character editor, a drive monitor, a printer
driver, and scrolling functions.
FORTH Language
AtBCUS
S39,S5
This FORTH package contains an extended
vocabulary to support graphics and sound,
a built-in full-screen editor, a FORTH as-
sembler, and a handbook, yxabulary
words can be created as needed.
geoProg rammer 2.0
Berkeley Soltwo'ks
GEOS
S69.95
geoProgrammer 2.0 is an assembly lan-
guage development program that allows us-
ers to create full-scale GEOS applications.
geoProgrammer takes advantage of icon,
menu, and window interfaces. The program
includes geoAssembler, geoLmker, and
geoDebugger. It can be used vAih GEOS64
and GEOS128.
JiffyDOS
Creative Micro Designs
CommodOfe 54 or 128
S49.95 (64)
S59.9S (12S)
JiffyDOS is a serial bus ROM replacement
for both the CPU and the disk drive. It is
available for all Commodore 64 models and
the 128, as well as most disk drives. Any
computer ROM will work with any drive
ROW or combination of drives, and the
CPUs and disk drives can be freely mixed
and matched. For heavily copy-protected
programs, there is an on/off switch mount-
ed on the computer and drive. The prepro-
grammed function keys are designed to
work in conjunction with a directory list to
the screen. Fourteen new commands have
Ijeen added to the standard DOS Wedge
syntax, and the commands can be used in
both program and direct modes. JiffyDOS
can also be used to accelerate MIDI files. It
is simple to install and includes documenta-
tion and a money-back guarantee. Extra
drive ROMs are available (or S24.95.
Kyan Pascal/12a
Kyan SottivarB
Commodore 12B
$69.95
This program is a full implementation of ISO
Pascal that features command menus, help
screens, and a 300-page manual and Pas-
cal tutorial. Other features include a 6502
machine code assembler, a full-screen text
editor. Pascal extensions, a built-in macro
assembler, and non-copy-protected disks.
Kyan Pascal/64
Kyan Software
$69.95
Kyan Pascal/ 64 is a full tmptementation of
Jensen/Wirth Pascal. The program features
a standard and advanced compiler on each
disk to meet the needs of programmers of
all levels. It also includes a full-screen text
editor, a file- management system, a stand-
alone runtime environment, and extensions
for graphics. The advanced version retains
these features and also includes a machine
code compiler, a built-in assembler, Pascal
extensions, and an output of intermediate
assembly language files.
Linear Programmer
Compuler Heroos
$24.95
Linear Programmer can t5e used to solve
linear programming problems with up to 50
variables and 35 constraints, including
equality and less than or greater than. Ob-
jective (Z function) can be maximized or
minimized. The solution is displayed on the
screen.
MAE 64 Assembler, 5.0
Schnedler Systems
S29.95
This 6502 and 65002 macro assembler of-
fers a co-resident screen editor and resides
with BASIC and Micromon. The assembler
features conditional assemtjiy, interactive
assembly, pseudo-ops, and error checking.
An 89-page manual is included. Not copy-
protected.
Master-64 Development Tools
Abacus
$39.95
Master-64 is a comprehensive application-
development package for screen manage-
ment, indexed file management, multi-
precision math, and machine language
monitor. It can add 100 commands to
BASIC. Features include ISAM file system,
printer generation, BASIC extensions, pro-
grammers' aid, BASIC 4.0 commands, and
a machine language monitor.
Menu-Driven Operating System
Cardinal Software
S29 95
With this program, disk commands can be
executed by reading the menu and pressing
one key, and machine code can be convert-
ed to BASIC. One-key commands include
program operators such as UCAD and SAVE
and disk commands such as copy, scratch,
rename, format, renumber, and combine.
Meriin -128
Roger Wagnof Publishing
Commodore 128
S69.9S
Merlin 128 is a 128-specific macro assem-
bler that assembles to and from the disk
and supports conditional assembly. It con-
verts integers to floating-point numbers and
provides linkers to generate relocated code.
The line numbers appear when the source
code is listed, and the current line numtjer
is visible in edit mode. Users can also scrdl
in two directions when editing. The program
runs only in 80-column mode. Merlin 128 in-
cludes demonstration programs, macros,
and Sourceror, a disassembler. About 35K
of source code can be entered in memory
at one time. The disk is not protected.
Micro Detective Automatic
Error Detection
American Made Software
Commodore 64 or 128
S39.95
This debugger for BASIC on the Commo-
dore 64 or 128 offers automatic error detec-
tion and tracing capabilities. It can find and
give a reason for many errors such as syn-
tax and illegal quantity errors. The bug-buster
trace routine shows each statement as it Is
executed and the variables involved. You
can also list the variables, files, and loops
used in the program. The trace function can
also be turned on or off at any time. The
128 version supports BASIC 7,0 and win-
dows. A trace window can tie placed any-
where on a 40- or BO-column screen. Each
package includes a reference manual.
Pascal-64
Abacus
SI 9.95
Pascal-64 is an introductory-level Pascal
compiler designed for the 64. The programs
compile into 6510 machine language.
COMPUTEI's Gazetts Apr)n989 17
PTD'GSIO Symbolic
Debugger, 4.0
Schnedter Systems
$49.95
This transparent symbolic debugger fea-
tures windows that show variables during
stepping, a two- pass miniassembler, and
automatic patching. It also supports high-
speed driver programs tor automatic condi-
tional stepping and shows 1 2B prior steps.
For 6502 assembly language programs. A
100-page manual is included. Not copy-
protected.
Quick Brown Box
Brown Boxes
$129.00 (MK)
$99.00 (32K)
$69.00 (16KJ
Quick Brown Box is a cartridge containing
16K, 32K, or 64K of battery-backed RAM
that enables users to create their own RAM
cartridges of BASIC and machine language
programs. The 32 K version stores as many
as 128 blocks; the 64K version stores 255
blocks; and tfie cartridge directory can hold
30 entries. With the ramdisk option, updates
can be saved directly to Quick Brown Box.
The cartridge can t)e partitioned for special
applications, and it can t>e used to autoboot
a disk drive. Manager programs govern cre-
ating and altering box contents, A slide
switch can be used to select either 64 or
128 mode. The Box includes Supermon-t-
and a checksum program. The internal
three-volt lithium battery has a shelf life of
ten years. A separate utilities disk contain-
ing managers, UNNEW and KILL com-
mands, routines, screen dumps, and a
terminal program is available for S6.0O,
Super C
Abiicus
Commodora 64 or 128
$59,95
Super C can be used on the Commodore
64 or 128 to produce 6502 machine code.
This C language development system in-
cludes an editor, a compiler, a linker, and
graphics and math libraries. Source code
can contain 80-character lines and horizon-
tal scrolling. Source programs can be up to
41 K In length, while object code can be
53K. Up to seven modules can be com-
bined with the linker, and the runtirrte library
can be called from machine language or in-
cluded as a BASIC-Iike program. The 128
version supports ramdisks.
Super Pa8cal-64 or -1 26
Abacus
CofTMTKXlorB 64 or 128
$59.95
Super Pascal is a development system in
versions for the Commodore 64 and 128. It
includes a source-file editor, an assembler,
and mntime and utility packages, plus fea-
tures such as high-precision 11 -digit arith-
metic, overlays, automatic loading of editor
and source program, error messages and
localization during compilation, and statistics
reporting. The system uses the Jensen and
Wirth compiler and extensions for graphics.
The 128 version supports an 80-column, hi-
res graphics package; 1571 burst mode;
and a ramdisk.
Symbol Master Multi-Pass
Symbolic Disassembler, 2.2
Sctinedler Systems
S49.9S
This symbolic disassembler can convert
6502. 651 0. undocumented opcode, 65C02,
and 8502 machine language programs Into
source code. Coded labels are used to
show the structure and flow of the program,
Source-code files can be output to disk. A
63-page manual is included. Not copy-
protected.
Video BASlC-64
Abacus
$39.95
Video BASIC-64 can add to BASIC 50 com-
mands for creating graphics and sound ef-
fects, it offers a runtime version and
support for dot-matrix printers.
XREF BASIC Cross Reference
Atjacus
Commodore 64 or 128
$17.95
XREF BASIC Cross Reference can be used
to cross-reference variables, line numl>ers,
numeric constants, and BASIC keyvrords
for debugging BASIC programs. The cross
reference is sorted and listed to the screen
or printer. Non-Commodore keywords can
be cross-referenced. Programs can be read
from the disk. Separate versions are avail-
able for the 64 and 128.
Xytec Macro Set 1
Xytec
S29 95
Xytec Macro Set T is a collection of 58
macros to speed up programming. The
package offers more than 40 subroutines,
over 4000 lines of code, and debugging
aids. It worths with DOS-compatible disks
and hardware modifications such as 1541
Flash and JiffyDOS.
Publisher Names
and Addresses
Abacus
5370 52nd St. SE
Grand Rapids, Mi 49508
American Made Software
P.O. BOK 323
Loomis, CA 9S650
Bertie ley Softworfcs
2150ShattLick Aife.
Berkeliy, CA 94704
Brown Boxes
26 Cortcord Rd.
Bedlwd, MA 01730
Cardinal Software
14840 BuikJ America Dr.
Vtoodbridge, VA 22191
Computer Heroes
P.O. Box 79
Farmlngton, CT 06O34
Creative Micro Designi
P.O. Box 646
50 Industnat Dr.
East Longmaadow, MA 01 095
Date I
3430 E. Trcpicana Ai»e.
Unit #67
Las yBgas.NV 89121
Kyan
1650 Union St, #183
San Francisco, CA 94123
Roger Wagner Publishing
1050 Pioneer vvay
Suite P
B Cajon. CA 92020
Sctir^edler
25 Eastwood Rd.
PO. BOK 5964
Ashevills, NC 28813
Terrapin
376 Wastiingion St.
Maiden. MA 02148
Xytec
1924 Oivisadero
San Francisco. CA 94115
IB COMPUTers Gazette April 19B9
56 Page
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MX-1000 Prlnlef( P«»IW ) 748Z7 t1S4.ie
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S22495
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VI, GU, and foreign orders ore subject to addliional shipping charges. NOTE: Due to publishing lead-limes, product prices and specitlcallone are subjacl lo change without notice, G4 Y
, , . * * * '■/.•" 1 * ■ ' ■■ ' ' *
. .' ■ Saence fictipn soft wjfr? is growing up. A feiA^ new
. ' * relOTises, as .well as^ome established classics, show just
-. h'dw closely some designei's are 'coming tfl creating true ...
- , / ■ ■ science fifitioh worlds on disk. •' - , ;• .
KeiFErrell* ■ '
Distant stars and far frontiers, tlie
edge of infinity and tlie day after to-
morrow— these are the particular
pleasures of science fiction. Many
of those pleasures are now avail-
able on disk, ready to transform
your 64 or 128 into a starship, a
time machine, a gateway to alter-
nate worlds.
And the best of SF software,
like the best of its literary forebears,
treats its material, and its audience,
seriously. In modes and approach-
es, SF software is nearly as varied as
SF is in print. There are games and
simulations for nearly every taste —
from adaptations of award-winning
novels to recreations of the starship
Enterprise, long games of galactic
exploitation and conquest to rapid-
fire combat on tomorrow's battle-
fields, wild visions of under-
developed planets and even a few
dystopias.
In short, science fiction soft-
ware is a product whose time —
whatever time that may be — has
come.
Space Opera
There are science fiction
games and simulations
for nearly every taste—
from adaptations of
award-winning novels to
recreations of the
starship Enterprise.
Space opera is the form of science
fiction most familiar to the
masses — and the most popularized.
The basic elements of space opera
are simple; far-flung civilizations,
mighty starcraft, desperate clashes
for the fate of the universe. Those
elements can be combined in wildly
different ways; Star Trek is space
opera, but so is Dune.
The first great software space
opera was Firebird's Elite. With its
vast galactic milieu, a surprisingly
well-realized mercantile and politi-
cal context, and combat that was
more than just arcade action. Elite
attracted a substantial following. It
continues to delight fans and
spawn imitators.
Owing much to Elite, although
less ambitious overall, is First
Row's Star Empire. Here you must
dock with space stations, explore
planets, and seek to create an em-
pire. More arcadelike in some of its
elements than the best SF software.
Star Empire nonetheless possesses a
certain charm and is worth a look.
Elite was also one of the first
games to lean heavily upon docu-
mentation as a means of making its
Echo SatalJite iiail in Milky Way/U S Naval Obsefvatwy Pholo
science fiction contei^t more con-
crete. Context— physical setting,
political and economic background,
and so on — is in many ways the es-
sence of SF.
Yet the shorthand conventions
of print science fiction work less
well in a computer game. To estab-
lish those conventions, publishers
use packaging, manuals, hint
books, and other external materials
to heighten their products' sense of
reality. Elite, for example, included
not only a trading manual but also
an adequate but unspectacular no-
vella by Robert Holdstock, an es-
tablished writer of science fiction
and fantasy.
PaclagedMs
The tendency toward packaging as
context has reached an extreme in
the latest generation of blast-and-
swerve arcade games. Many of these
games now come clothed as simula-
tions of desperate star pilots' quests
to rid the universe of huge alien ves-
sels. In reality, they are often little
more than third -generation varia-
tions on Asteroids, Breakout, and
Space Invaders — not science fiction
at all.
Which is not to say that there
are no legitimate SF vehicle simula-
tions. Mirroring magazine and
book science fiction, there is by
now an entire category of hard-
ware-oriented SF software. These
programs put you at the controls of
dream machines, tossing you into
the middle of nightmare combat.
While not being true science fic-
tion— more like fantasy flight simu-
lators— the best of these packages
at least tend to have a science fic-
tion sort of self-consistency.
Firebird's Starglider, Vike Elite,
is accompanied by a plethora of
printed material, all of it aimed at
establishing a believable context
from which the game's super weap-
ons could arise.
Sir-Tech's Deep Space also
makes clever use of packaging: The
product is tucked inside a security
folder that also contains facsimiles
of futuristic government communi-
ques. (Deep Space wins points for
adhering to the rules of physics
more closely than is normal,)
Echelon, from Access, added an
audio element to spacecraft piloting
by including the Lip-Stik, a voice-
activated headset microphone.
While Lip-Stik works almost too
well — ^the sigh of relief after a suc-
cessful encounter can result in
launching another volley of mis-
siles— the £c?ie/on/Lip-Sdk combi-
nation is, along with Deep Space,
one of the better spacecraft simula-
tors of recent years.
Interstel's Starfleet I shows that
you don't have to have animated
graphics to deliver a superb star-
ship simulation. Emphasis here is
on systems, with more than a dozen
capabilities at your command. The
game's scenario is well planned,
placing you in the midst of a des-
perate—what else? — battle against
Krellans and Zaldrons, two kinds of
implacable aliens who approach
warfare in very different ways. Per-
haps because the game places more
emphasis on systems and strategy
than on visuals, I found Starfleet I to
be the most satisfying of all the
space-batde simulators.
A Clone at Lssi
But there's more than just combat
in even the most action-oriented
science ficdon.
With a wonderfully lurid plot
worthy of an Edmond Hamilton or
COMPUTE'S Gazette Apri! 1989 21
Jack Williamson novel of the gaudy
starways, Mindscape's Captain
Biooti also manages to address one
of science fiction's more serious
concerns: communication with non-
human cultures.
Captain Blood is a race-against-
time story, pitting players against
an inexorable clock as they search
the galaxy for five stolen clones.
The clones are yours, and as time
passes they are draining your life
force; find them or face biological
degradation.
This one has a true science fic-
tion interface. You see the game
through the eyes of Captain Blood.
The screen is filled with the con-
trols of your starcraft. The joystick
controls the movement of Captain
Blood's hand, one finger out-
stretched to activate at a touch any
of the ship's systems. Those sys-
tems are powerful: You can dis-
patch scouts, scan worlds, destroy
whole planets. The ship is ready to
take you, via colorful hyperspace,
throughout a large galaxy filled
with planets. But which worlds har-
bor the missing clones and which
are lifeless rocks?
To find out, you must initiate a
dialogue with aliens. The game be-
gins in orbit around an inhabited
world to which you must dispatch a
scout. After navigating the scout by
remote control through a long and
winding valley — an arcade aspect
that must, unfortunately, be repeat-
ed on every world you visit— you
reach a landing site where, on in-
habited worlds, an alien awaits.
Using an iconic language, com-
munication ensues. Depending on
its species, the alien may adopt a
helpful, a hostile, or an unintelligi-
ble posture. Your responses must
guide the alien toward disclosing
the information you seek. It's not
easy, any more than making your-
self understood in a foreign country
is easy. With more than 100 "words"
at your disposal and a little practice,
though, the iconic vocabulary be-
comes a flexible tool that both helps
you solve the game's mystery and
teaches you something about the
nature of communication. Captain
Blood is pure pulp SF: grand visions,
bright colors, lunatic plot, and
something to say.
22 COMPUTEIs Gazette April 1989
Captain Blood is pure
pulp science fiction:
grand visions, bright
colors, lunatic plot, and
something to say.
Stellar llescii
No software package captures the
breadth of galactic exploration and
conquest as well as SSG's Reach for
the Stars. Subtided The Conquest of
the Galaxy, this demanding and sat-
isfying game challenges you to
manage the expansion of your race
from a single planet across dozens
of worlds. Now in its third version.
Reach for the Stars was the first of
SSG's games, and in some ways it
remains its most ambitious.
A couple of things make Reach
for the Stars a standout. One is its
sense of balance. Players must ma-
nipulate planetary economies and
cultures in order to keep production
at acceptable levels.
The game also has a sense of
size. Its canvas is a large one, deliv-
ering the feel of galacdc proportion.
Where other games scatter stellar
systems — or for that matter, whole
galaxies — about with little consid-
eration of astrophysical realities.
Reach offers a believable universe
with believable planets that fall into
a spectrum of categories. At more
advanced levels, the reality in-
creases: Stars can go nova, natural
disasters and plagues afflict civili-
zations, and interstellar distances
become even more difficult to
traverse.
Finally, there is the interface.
Menu-driven, Reach far the Stars
makes issuing complex combina-
tions of commands easy, leaving
you free to contemplate the size of
your galactic undertaking. Not a
game for the casual player. Reach
for the Stars comes close to simulat-
ing the myriad variables and chal-
lenges with which Isaac Asimov,
Poul Anderson, and other authors
of galactic empire stories have
wrestled for years.
Star Trek is the most famous and
long-lived space opera — Star Wars
being not only younger but also, in
my opinion, a fantasy, A full gener-
ation after they made their debut on
television. Kirk, Spock, McCoy, and
crew are still going strong in reruns,
theatrical motion pictures, books,
and, of course, on disk.
Star Trek: The Kobyashi Alterrta-
tive is an interactive text adventure
that gives you a surprisingly well-
realized Enterprise, along with its
crew and the universe through
which it voyages. You assume the
role of James T. Kirk, issuing orders
to crew members who, thanks to a
smart parser and a windowed
screen, exhibit many of the charac-
teristics of their cinematic counter-
parts,
Kobyashi's universe is gener-
ously populated with planets and
aliens. Like most text adventures,
there is a mystery at the heart of this
game, and it's a good one. Interac-
tion with aliens is well handled, as
are the Enterprise's major systems.
Less effective was Simon &
Schuster's second Star Trek outing.
The Promethean Prophecy, which
struck me as a pretty straightfor-
ward text adventure: all word games
and little Star Trek, But fans of Kirk
and company can took fonvard to
Rebel Universe, also from Simon &
Schuster, which will probably be
available by the rime you read this.
(I also wouldn't be surprised if the
recent and evidently ongoing suc-
cess of "Star Trek: The Next Genera-
tion" resulted in a software game or
two before much longer.)
Star Trek, obviously, isn't go-
ing away.
Mars
Not all science fiction fares so far
from home. If there's a quintessen-
tial SF planet, in fact, it's probably
our next-door neighbor. Mars. The
setting for dozens, if not hundreds,
of science fiction stories, novels, and
movies. Mars has lately come to the
64 in Electronic Arts' Mars Saga.
This is not the glorious Bar-
soom of Edgar Rice Burroughs's
Martian novels or Ray Bradbury's
Chronicles (any of which would
make a wonderful game). Rather,
Mars Saga offers a harsh and op-
pressive world, one reminiscent in
some ways of the frontier world
Robert A. Heinlein depicted in sev-
eral novels. In addition to the chal-
lenges to be faced on a new
world — Mars is harsh and inhospi-
table, to say the least — there is the
human element to contend with.
A role-playing game. Mars
Saga requires players to assemble a
team of adventurers and then guide
them through various natural and
manmade perils. This is a gritty, re-
alistic game of solar system coloni-
zation. Mars Saga also reveals how
effectively role-playing techniques,
standard in fantasy adventures, can
be used to create engaging science
fiction experiences.
Science fiction writers foresaw the
computer age. To that extent, it's a
bit surprising that more SF writers
haven't been involved in translat-
ing their works to disk or in work-
ing with publishers to create new
visions on disk.
A few years ago, in fact, there
was a flurr)' of activity, with games
based on Asimov's The Robots of
Dawn, Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451,
and Arthur C. Clarke's Rendezvous
with Rama appearing in a short pe-
riod of time. Unfortunately, those
games didn't set this worid — or any
other — on fire,
Lately, though, a couple of
packages have indicated that SF au-
thors may be on their way back.
Several months ago. Electronic Arts
released the Commodore 64 ver-
sion of Thomas M. Disch's/4r;iHesjfl.
With Neuromaticer, SF
software has taken a
large step toward
maturity. It shows that
it's possible to to get a
lot of worid into a few
disks.
Although not a pure SF product,
Amnesia reflects a certain science
fiction sensibility. That's appropri-
ate enough, since Disch himself is,
among other things, an excellent
and controversial SF writer.
The big news, though, was In-
terplay's release of Neuromancer, a
game based on William Gibson's
novel of the same name. Few nov-
els created the stir that Neuromancer
excited upon its release. Set in a
grim section of Tokyo a few de-
cades from now, the book portrays
a shadow world of computer hack-
ers called cyberspace cowboys — a
world full of corporate domination,
greed, double-crossing, and more.
So effective— if not wholly origi-
nal— was Gibson's handling of his
material that he became the doyen
of an entire school of SF writers
known as cyberpunks.
Interplay treated Gibson's ma-
terial seriously, creating a believable
and, for the most part, consistent vi-
sion of a less-than-appealing future.
In doing so. Interplay has helped lay
the groundwork for future SF soft-
ware, [Neuromancer is reviewed
elsewhere in this issue.]
lie Future of tfiGpylufe
With the arrival of Neuromancer, in
fact, SF software has taken a large
step toward maturity. It has a dis-
tance to go yet, but there are some
directions already being established.
As Neuromancer shows, it's
possible to get a lot of worid into a
few disks. Look for a richer science
fiction milieu in products over the
next few years. That richness
should show up in a couple of ways.
First, we'll be seeing more con-
text on disk, in the game where it
belongs. Using databases, bulletin
boards, and other information tech-
nologies as part of its background,
Neuromancer establishes the nature
of its world while the game is
played, not while the manual is read.
Second, I anticipate a greater
rigor in some of the games. Reach
for the Stars shows that a game can
take the universe and its rules fairly
seriously — with occasional excep-
tions, such as faster-than-light trav-
el— and still provide an enter-
taining experience. Much of the
appeal of deep-space SF is its ability
to manipulate astronomical dis-
tances and geologic reaches of time.
That appeal would lend itself nicely
to software entertainment.
We're already seeing a greater
variety of SF software. In addition to
the products mentioned in this arti-
cle, recent months have seen a post-
holocaust world well-represented in
Electronic Arts' Wasteland, a twenty-
first century battlefield in PSS's Fire-
zone, and near-future detective work
in U,S, Gold's Techno Cop. Obvious-
ly there is room for more types of
entertainment than simply conquest
games. Science fiction is a vast do-
main where, with a lot of research
and hard work, nearly any specula-
tion can be made believable: Look
for more and larger speculations in
the years ahead.
The best place to look is at the
vast body of print science fiction it-
self. Dozens of novels and stories
exist that would make perfect sce-
narios for software entertainment.
All that's needed is an adventurous
publisher or two, along with design-
ers and programmers who under-
stand SF's particular requirements.
The audience is already there. G
COMPUTE.'s Gazette April 1989 23
WORMS
Jason Merlo
mm-'
Sonie rather unusual and deadly aliens are coming— and it's
up to you to stop them. For the 64. Joystick required.
"Space Worms" is a hypnotic
shoot- 'em-up game for the 64. Fly-
ing in a triangular space ship, your
job is to shoot down a series of
wormlike aliens while avoiding
contact with their writhing bodies.
If you touch a space worm, one of
your five ships is destroyed.
Using a joystick plugged into
port 2, you maneuver your ship and
fire at the alien invaders. You may
hold down the joystick's button for
rapid fire, but you can have only
one missile on the screen at a time.
Missiles that hit the space worms
disappear, so the closer you are to
your target, the faster you can sh°oot.
The space worm's body is six
segments ong. Each time you hit
the alien, you receive 2 points.
After it has been hit four or five
times, the space worm loses one
segment. When the last segment
(the head) is destroyed, you receive
100 points; then, after a short
pause, a new and different space
worm attacks.
Diving headfirst, a hostile space worm
attacks.
Space worms are unpredict-
able. They move in semirandom
patterns and their lengthy bodies
flow hypnotically about the screen.
To dodge the alien and position
your ship for a better shot, you can
move anywhere within the bottom
portion of the screen. If you move
all the vfay to the left or right, the
space worms cannot reach you. It's
a good strategy to hide in these safe
zones when a new alien is about to
attack because you never know
where it will appear.
The game's current Jevel num-
ber, your score, and the number of
lives (ships) you have remaining are
displayed at the top of the screen.
Every time you defeat a space
worm, the level number increases.
At levels 5, 10, and 20, the aliens be-
come longer — ^so, be on gward. «
Typing It In
As with most fast-action games.
Space Worms is written entirely in
machine language. To enter this
program, you must use "MLX," the
machine language entry program
found elsewhere in this issue.
When MLX prompts you, respond
vtdth the values given below.*""""
Starling address; 0801 ^
Ending address: IDSS IB
Type in the data for the pro-
gram. Before exiting MLX, be sure
to save a copy to tape or disk. Al-
though Space Worms is written in
machine language, you load and
run it just like a BASIC program._
See program listing on page 70.
24 COMPUTErs Gazette April 1989
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Avoid the nasty Squeegees in this arcade game of paint or
perish. For the 128. Disk drive and joystick required.
Ever wanted to paint the town? You
can do it when you play "Brusher,"
an arcade-style game for the Com-
modore 128. You control a paint
brush whose goal in life is to paint a
line down every city street. Be care-
ful— the Squeegee family has its
thugs searching for you. They don't
appreciate it when someone else
tries to mark out their territory.
Brusher has an Infinite number
of levels, so you'll never master the
game. On higher levels, you'll find
splotches of paint that can provide
temporary respite from the
Squeegees.
Getting Started
Brusher is written in BASIC 7.0 and
machine language. Be sure that
you're in 128 mode when you enter
the programs. Type in and save
Program 1, "Brusher BASIC." Since
Program 2, "Brusher ML," is writ-
ten in machine language, you'll
need to use the 128 version of
"MLX," the machine language en-
try program found elsewhere in this
issue. When MLX prompts you, re-
spond with the values given below.
Starting address: 1300
Ending address: 19C7
Be sure to save the program to disk
before exiting MLX.
r^-
ffT
1—1
.1.1-1
■ ! 1
\~
h
1
1
\
■S!
--ft
1
-
etUtHtE
n
1 Hll.i:i«i(iiii)s
l^ vn !-.i. nv riv till' Kin fi
v.!
Can you paint under pressure? Find out
in this arcade-style game for the 128.
To start the game, plug a joy-
stick into port 2. Then load and run
Program 1, (This will load Program
2 automatically.)
The object of the game is to fill
in all the blocks in the city. Do this
by traversing each road. Use the
joystick to move left, right, up, or
down. There will be one or more of
the Squeegee clan in the city. Avoid
the Squeegees at all costs.
You start the game with three
brushes. Each time you collide with
a Squeegee, you'll lose a brush.
If you paint the whole town,
you'll progress to the next level.
Beginning on level 2, you may
see a splotch of paint in the city. It's
a magical spot — it moves from one
place to another randomly. If you
can catch the splotch, you'll send
the Squeegees right out of town.
After a few seconds, the Squeegees
will show up again at the comers of
the city.
You can also chase the Squee-
gees out by pressing the fire button.
However, you can do this only once
per level. Use it as a last resort.
You score points every time
you fill a city block. The score starts
at 10 points per block. It increases
to 20 points on the second level, 30
on the third, and so on.
On the right side of the screen,
you'll find your score, the high
score, the current level number,
and the number of brushes you
have remaining. Play well and
you'll gain an extra brush after
every fourth level.
See program listings on page 73, 6
COMPUTErs Gatem Apnl 1989 29
Riilill
The Faery Tale
Adventure
We've been waiting for this for a vvliile.
The Faery Tale Adventure was one
of the earliest fantasy role-playing re-
leases for the Amiga, and its splendid
graphics and rich soundtrack made
64/128 owners wonder when it might
be available for their machines. At the
time of the Amiga release, Microlllu-
sions seemed uninterested in porting to
the 8-bit machine, but economic reality
soon set in and the port was on. Among
followers of the 64/128 fantasy gaming
market. Faery Talc became something
to watch for.
Now it's here, and the results are,
well, mixed. On the positive side, it's
still the same Faery TaU; ivith graphics
and soundtrack completely in tow. On
the negative side, however, the port
seems to be exact, and what that means
is a great, great deal of very long disk
access. Even those with 1571s have no
escape from this problem, since only
the 154] (or 1571 in 1541 mode) is
recognized.
And, yes, it's a very real problem.
Even though 1 work with machines oth-
er than the 64, I manage to keep the
speed of the 1541 in perspective. It is,
after all, the only drive I used during
my first three years of home comput-
ing, and it owes me nothing. But when
the speed of the drive stands between a
well-designed game and my enjoyment
of that game, then something is wrong.
What it means, unfortunately, is that
the game's design did not consider the
player properly. In other words, it's the
designer's fault, not the 154 1's.
How bad is the problem? Let's put
it this way. The disk is accessed every
time you enter a building, every time
you exit a building, often as you're
walking along (to load in the next part
of the world), and most times you enter
combat. Before you even leave your
hometown, you have eight buildings to
enter and exit, and each event takes a
half-minute or so for the drive to pro-
cess. This means 16 events (entry and
exit for each building) and over eight
minutes spent sitting and staring at the
disk drive's red light. Compounding
the problem is the fact that you're al-
30 COMPUTE! 's Gaiella April 19B9
most certain to get killed as soon as you
leave the town, and, unless you've re-
membered to save your position (which
takes more disk time), you have to do it
all over again. Given the enormous size
of the Faery Tale world, disk access is
practically relentless.
Nor would all this be a problem if
you could just write the game off as a
disaster and forget about it. But faery
Tale isn't that easy to get rid of. It is a
truly excellent game, and you'll find
yourself drawn back to it again and
again. But then the 1541 strikes again,
and once more your enthusiasm will
dwindle. A continual renewal of excite-
ment, followed by a continual series of
downers. It's a little bit like being stood
up by Kim Basinger on eight consecu-
tive Saturday nights.
What about the game itself? First,
it's fantasy role-playing. You control
one of three brothers — Julian, Phillip,
and Kevin — whose father has died after
explaining how they can help rid their
town of a necromancer's evil. An an-
cient prophecy tells of seven quests that
must be undertaken to defeat the necro-
mancer. Finding a weapon to destroy
him is the first; locating his stronghold
is the second; passing each interior bar-
rier, the third; and retrieving the town's
protective talisman, the fourth. During
the course of the game, you wilt have to
discover the other three.
To achieve the quests, you must
travel across the huge Faery Tate world.
The screen gives you a 3-D overhead
view (on a slight angle to show depth)
of your character's immediate sur-
roundings, and the graphics are superb-
ly rendered. Buildings look like
buildings, forests look like forests, and
mountains and rivers look like moun-
tains and rivers. When night falls, the
colors are exactly right.
The bottom quarter of the screen
contains an information area and a
game command area. The information
area gives you your character's statistics
(which arc transparent to the game's
functioning), while the command boxes
can be accessed vvith the cursor, which
can be moved with either a mouse or
the keyboard. Using the mouse is better
in this game, because joystick users
must alternate between joystick and
keyboard at all times.
From the command boxes, you can
get an inventory of items you carry,
take objects you find on the ground or
on dead bodies, search areas for hidden
items, give items to other characters, or
use items you are carrying, including
u-eapons, keys, and so on.
The magic menu lets you use one
of seven different kinds of magic items:
stones, jewels, vials, orbs, totems, rings,
and skulls. Each can be used once, but
others can be found. Talk lets you con-
verse with characters. Buy lets you pur-
chase items (including food), and the
Game menu lets you pause, save, or
load games.
Because of its strong graphics. Fa-
ery Tale approaches the magical much
more closely than any other fantasy
game I've seen. Two events in particu-
lar stand out. At one point you can ride
on the back of a tortoise — at another,
on the back of an eagle. The first speeds
you considerably, and the experience is
fascinating.
Riding the eagle, though, lets you
fly through the air, and the view is
breathtaking. The game shows very
well why the ancient and medieval
minds considered flight as magical, and
this is a superb feat.
The game itself is extremely
strong, but disk-access time almost ren-
ders it unplayable. What Microlllusions
needs to do is build a powerful fast
loader inlo the program and replace
first editions with the new edition. Al-
ternatively, it might consider fully sup-
porting one of the fast-load cartridges
and/or the burst mode of the 1571
drive. Until it does, The Faery Tale Ad-
venture will remain underplayed by all
but the truly forgiving. The game is too
good to suffer such a fate.
—Neil Randall
The Faery Tale Adventure
MicroUlusions
17408 Chatsworth St.
Grartada Hills, CA 91344
$39.95
Besiunasaurus
Once they walked the world. Now they
rule the shopping malls. Everywhere
you look, you see dinosaurs. Oh, no —
now they've headed for the computers.
Look out — it's Designasaunts, from Bri-
tannica Software.
Designasaurus tries to do it aO. You
can use it to create new dinosaurs— as if
there weren't enough of those pesky lit-
tle devils already. When you've finished
creating your personalized monster, you
can print it as a graphic (with an Epson
or Commodore printer) or as an iron -on
transfer to wear on a T-shirt. {Imagine
the psychological insights you could
achieve by seeing a custom thunder liz-
ard emblazoned on someone's chest.
Move over. Dr. Rorschach.}
The program also includes an edu-
cational game that teaches the impor-
tance of the environment and shows
aspects of a dinosaur's life (eat or be
eaten).
In the beginning, you're provided
with a menu that allows you to choose
from the Walk-a-Dinosaur game, the
Build-a-Dinosaur graphics package,
Print-a-Dinosaur (which sends your
graphic to a Commodore or Epson
printer), or EXIT (which makes the
game extinct).
Let's start with VValk-a-Dinosaur.
When you choose to play this game, you
select the kind of dinosaur you want to
be; a vegetarian brontosaurus or stego-
saurus, or a carnivorous tyrannosaurus.
As a herbivore, you'll be continually ha-
rassed by tyrannosauri rex (if that's the
plural). These guys make the dark over-
lords look like a Girl Scout troop.
Whatever sort of prehistoric beast
you become, you have to eat constant-
ly. When in motion, dinosaurs use up
calories faster than my old Tord LTD
drank high-test. In other words, you
had better find food fast.
To make your dinosaur eat, just
park your brontosaurus by a tree or
your stegosaurus by a bush. Every few
seconds, it will consume the nearby
vegetation and have to move on.
You move from left to right across
the screen, and when you exit the right
side, your ecosystem changes. You can
also go the other way, returning to ear-
lier ecosystems. Although it's nice to be
able to move both forward and back-
ward, there's no good reason to do so.
The game is essentially two-dimensional.
You can proceed in one direction or
turn and run in the opposite direction.
Only the line of trees and bushes clos-
est to the screen is actually available for
consumption.
The environments you experience
in the various ecosystems are generally
plains of temperate vegetation. Two eco-
systems have lakes, and one is semiarid.
You should start out as a stegosau-
rus. There's a lot more vegetation in the
environment suited to its palate — more
so than for the brontosaurus, which
specializes in tall trees (because of its
long neck).
In the sky overhead, scales indicate
your calorie load, the number of herbi-
vores and carnivores in the environ-
ment, and the quality of the vegetation.
For me, this was just screen clutter. The
rule is eat and run. Eat constantly un-
less there's a carnivore on your tail, and
if you're a carnivore, remember to be
patient and wait for your prey to come
close enough to be an easy target, if you
make a premature dash, you'll end up
biting the dust.
Whatever sort of
prehistoric beast you
become, you have to eat
constantly.
If you're a herbivore, you're fortu-
nate that the tyrannosaurus isn't a
health nut. It obviously doesn't jog and
can make it only about two-thirds of the
way across the screen before giving up
the chase and returning to its lair. No
wonder it gets winded easily: It proba-
bly has a cholesterol count in the zil-
lions, considering all the red meat it eats.
When you've successfully survived
five ecosystems, you're prompted for
your name (up to 11 characters), and
you receive a handsome certificate of
achievement.
The game is probably enjoyable for
small children, but it's not for anyone
over about 10. It's simply too easy, and
1 really question whether it teaches any
lessons other than to eat constantly and
to avoid large, toothy monsters — two
skills kids have pretty well learned by
the time they're big enough to operate a
joystick.
The graphics in the Build-a-Dino-
saur module are a treat. You're shown a
lab and a scientist with an enormous file
cabinet. With your joystick, select the
part of the dinosaur you want: the head,
neck, body, or tail. When you've made
your selection, press the joystick button,
and the scientist will kick the filing cabi-
net. You'll see a file on the body part
you've selected. The bodies, necks, and
so forth are only bones, without the
skin— the way we're used to seeing
them in museums of natural history.
IfMNIIJiSAUeUS RE«
'Million vears
•■llJIDATtl
PTItI
RANNO AUIiiDAE
I' IMS 01 this le ton beast
tictlly uiiltss. UnliKe thf
> i1 llw*^ on, TyrJnnDiiufus
«1 utilna onlu LIS hind ttfS
otion. It klllM mth it!
hind )*9i and Jaw.
^!i, Ifi^f
The body parts aren't drawn to
scale. You can fit the head of a 36-inch
reptile on the body of one 60 feet long
and it will look as if it belongs there.
As each body part is shown, you're
given a tiny lesson about the dinosaur
who contributed the bones on display.
Tyrannosaunis Rex, it proclaims, next to
a picture of the animal's cranium. Age:
75 miUion years. Upper Cretaceous. P/iy-
htm: Chardata. Clans: Reptilia. Order:
Saurischia. Family: Tyramiosauridac.
You're also provided with some
information about the body part. Some
of the facts are interesting (The tyranno-
saurus cranium was very highly devel-
oped and contained very strong, sharp
teeth that were replaced as old teeth were
lost), and some are weird (The massive
crest across tlie cranium [of the Corylho-
saurus] was yrobably used for mating calls).
In all, you're provided with 6 tails,
5 bodies, 5 necks, and 11 heads. You
can mix and match at will, and then
print the thing (provided you have a
Commodore or Epson printer). When
you print the monster you create, you'll
receive a short critique. It might let you
know that you mixed carnivore and
herbivore parts, which could be a bit
confusing at mealtime.
The performance of the disk with
the 128 (in 64 mode) and 1571 disk
drive was spotty, erratic, and tempera-
mental. After I'd survived a number of
environments, the computer locked up
in a big way. Even rebooting didn't
help. I had to turn it off and let it relax
for a couple of minutes before it would
run Designasaurus again. I found this
aspect of the package to be tiresome
and frustrating, and I'm almost fully
grown (36). I imagine it would make
small children very upset. For the last
COMPUTEI's Gazette April 1989 31
hour, 1 attempted repeatedly to load the
program on my 128 in 64 mode. Al-
though It had run earlier, 1 was unsuc-
cessful in getting it to run again.
Each time I tried to load Build-a-
Dinosaur with my 12S (in 64 mode), the
program crashed. 1 had to run it on my
64 with 1541 drive. With that equipment,
all parts of the program vvorked fine.
Kids love dinosaurs. Very young
kids will enjoy the game. Slightly older
kids will get a kick out of creating their
own nightmare creatures. The addition
of the eerlificatc of accomplishment
and the ability to create an iron -on are
frosting on the cake. All in all, Dcsigna-
saurus is a treat and can be educational
as well.
—Robert Bixbt/
Designasaurus
Britaiuika Software
345 4lh SI.
San Francisco, CA 94107
$29.95
Heuromancer
Chiba City, as depicted by William Gib-
son in his novel Neiiromancer, is the un-
derbelly of the Tokyo of tomorrow. In
Chiba City, you can get anything you
want — for a price. Chiba City is where
the hottest software manipulators of
the day — the cyberspace cowboys — -
hang out.
Now Gibson's Chiba City and its
inhabitants have been brought, appro-
priately enough, to the computer. Inter-
play has done a stunning job of trans-
lating Gibson's grim vision of the future
into an animated software novel. With
only a few missteps, Troy Miles and the
design and programming team have
created a software novel that delivers
much of the impact of the original.
Gibson was not the first science-
fiction writer to suppose a day after to-
morrow when the ability to manipulate
data, crack codes, and raid corporate
databases has become a valued skill.
But, m Neurommtccr and his subsequent
books, Gibson patented a distinctive
cynical, antiheroicai style that has at-
tracted many followers. His books are
about losers, people on the fringe, cor-
porate titans., and a place — cyberspace,
the network where all the corporate
computers come together — that may be
coming to life.
As a game, Ncuromatjcer shares
many of these qualities. The game be-
gins in much the same way the novel
does. You're a hot cyberspace jockey,
down on your luck. Your deck — the
computer gear you use as a gateway to
the databases and, with enough power,
to cyberspace itself — is in a pawn shop.
You're in arrears at Cheap Hotel, where
you live. Word is that someone's out to
32 COMPUTEIS Gazette April 1989
kill you. But xvho? And why?
The first order of business is to get
your bearings and, from them, begin to
build your strength, fatten your wallet,
heighten the power of your deck, and
erect what defenses you can against
those who would kill you and sell your
body parts.
Character action is determined by
player-selectable icons. These tell you
your current state of health and finan-
cial well-being, provide an inventory of
items in your possession, and let you
access the communications network
(PAX), talk with other characters, walk
through the worid, use ROM constructs
at the higher levels of the game, and ac-
cess a variety of disk functions. Al-
though tucked into a lower corner of
the screen, the icons are large enough to
bo used easily: I had no problems with
cursor control when switching among
the functions. A few moments spent fa-
miliarizing yourself with the various
icons will be repaid as the game pro-
gresses. Don't dally too long, though.
This is a realtime game. The clock is
running constantly; time and date can
bo checked by way of the icons as well.
(If you do linger too long in one spot,
you're prodded toward action by Devo's
soundtrack, which makes excellent use
of the 64's SID chip.)
One of Neiirottiaticcr's many nice
touches is the way in which the first-
time player's experience corresponds
with that of the game's central charac-
ter. He doesn't know much more than
you do, but he has certain tools at his
disposal.
messages on the BBS. You should keep
paper and pencil handy throughout the
game to make notes of various access
codes and other information that can
help you get ahead.
Since you can do only so much
from the bar, you'll likely soon take to
the streets. Chiba City is a decadently
gorgeous place to walk around, for the
dominant color is, to paraphrase Gibson
himself, a gray the color of a television
tuned to a dead channel, (Bear in mind
as you move through the world that the
world is moving on as well. Keep an eye
on the clock and calendar. Watch your
wallet: Everythhijf; costs money, and a
mistake can get you fined. Log onto
PAX when the opportunity arises; new
messages and responses to your trans-
missions appear constantly.)
nnittninq el" -jou H*nt to mi nrij
The size and richness of
Neuromancer's world
help it overcome the
dilemma that faces many
graphics adventures.
Chief among the tools, at least at
the beginning of the game, is the PAX
system by which people in Chiba City
keep current with news, use bulletin
boards for receiving and sending mes-
sages, and manage their banking needs.
PAX booths are located at various loca-
tions in Chiba City. In order to log on,
you must align several items on the code
wheel that accompanies the game — a
neat way of making copy protection a
logical part of the game's experience.
There's a PAX booth in the bar
where you wake up, and it's a good
idea to use it right away. Check the
Character movement is smoothly
animated and convincing. Even repeti-
tive gestures made by static characters
have a certain charm. The designers at
Interplay have endeavored to make
each character reflect, at least graphi-
cally, a different personality, and, to a
large extent, they've succeeded.
Not that there are many static
characters in Neuromancer. Nearly ev-
eryone you encounter has something to
tell you or sell you. The dilemma is get-
ting the information out of them. Con-
versation takes the form of selectable
dialogue balloons for standard replies
and fill-in-the-blank balloons for seek-
ing specific information. Again, careful
notes taken here and there can help you
pose the right questions at later points
in the game. Neuromancer's parser is
pretty smart; I've had success using
general terms to get specific answers.
Those answers — and the people
who possess them — are scattered
throughout one of the larger softvrare
worlds I've encountered. Like Lucas-
film's Maniac Mansion or Zak MacCrack-
en, the world of Neuromancer seems to
go on and on. Streets and sidewalks
twist and turn, and alloys can be ex-
plored. You can enter stores and restau-
rants, penetrate high-security zones,
purchase tools at hardware and software
emporia, or raise cash at body-parts
shops by selling excess organs. For all its
size, Chiba City is easy to get around in.
On occasion, I've found myself forced to
return to a different section of town and
I've made the journey quickly.
The size of that world, and its rich-
ness, helps Neummaiiccr overcome the
dilemma that faces many graphics ad-
ventures. While word puzzles and codes
are an important part of the game,
there's more here than simply trying to
find an acceptable command. This is a
world with which you can interact.
But the "real" world, Chiba Citv,
pales beside the artificial universe that
is cyberspace. If getting to cyberspace in
the first place isn't easy, staying alive
there is twice as hard. ICE— Intrusive
Countermeasure Electronics — and Ar-
tificial Intelligences will do everything
in their power to guard their databases
from your intrusions. If you've assem-
bled the right hardware and software
tools, though, you can work your way
through the defenses and begin to un-
ravel some of the mysteries of Neuw-
maticer. Be careful, though — cyberspace
is more deadly than the streets of Chiba
City. Watch your back. (And don't ne-
glect to play from copies, saving early
and often lest you lose the hard- won
progress you've made.)
Nt'iiromancer is not a quick game.
It's best taken in stages, planning the
acquisition of funds, learning your way
around Chiba City, gathering as much
information as possible before attempt-
ing the leap to cyberspace. Even experi-
enced players of software narratives
may have a tough time getting through
some parts of this one; Interplay is cur-
rently working on a hint book to make
the going easier.
Obviously, this much data takes a
lot of space. Neuromancer fills both
sides of two disks. While there is a fair
amount of disk swapping, the shuttle is
made bearable by the speed with which
the disks load. Devo's soundtrack ac-
companies the title screen and sets a
tone of futuristic fugue that's absolutely
appropriate for this game of antiheroes,
con men, and cybernetic covifboys.
Less understandable is the occa-
sional self-consciousness that shows up
in the game. Gibson's universe was no-
table for its gritfiness and lack of senti-
mentality. The same is true of the soft-
ware version, but the illusion is
occasionally spoiled by wisecracks and
jokes about other Interplay products or
Ncuromaticfr itself. It's as though the
designers doubted the ability of their
world to stand on its own and felt
obliged to throw in a couple of jokes to
remind us of their cleverness. This is no
big deal in one sense: In a futurisfic
game, Bard's Tale references are cute.
And the first time or two vou wander
into one of Neuromancer's "joke" rooms,
you might be amused by what is essen-
tially a jolt of solid adolescent humor.
In another sense, though, the jokes
point up one of the flaws endemic to
software narratives. They lower the
stakes on the table. Too many game de-
signers don't place sufficient trust in
their ability to create alternate worlds.
Yet that is precisely what the best of
them — and on the strength of Neuro-
mancer, I would put Troy Miles and
company in that category — accom-
plish. There is an act of faith, I believe,
exercised by computer owners when
they boot up entertainmeJit software
such as Neuromancer, and it is the same
act of faith exercised when we read a
book or see a movie. It says, "Take me
away. Show me something I've never
seen before. Let me live a life that
would otherwise be denied me."
That's a lot of freight for a software
game — or a novel, for that matter — to
bear. But Neuromancer, with only the
slightest and most occasional of gaffes,
bears it beautifully,
—Keith Ferrell
Neuromancer
Interplay
Distr United In/ Mediagenic
3885 Bohamum Dr.
Menh Park, CA 94025
$29.95 >
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ple just like you, all interested in swapping ideas, solv-
ing problems, sharing information and making new
friends. To join, call 800 848-8199 or see your computer
dealer. But do it soon, because there's an awful lot of
people waiting to meet you.
CompuServe'
Heavy Metal:
Motfern Land Combat
Compared to umr, all other forms of hu-
man endeavor shrink lo insignificance.
Cod, how I love it.
—General George S. Pat ton
Since old "Ulood and Guts" Patton
loved warfare, I think he'd have gotten a
real kick out of this tank simulation from
Access. Heavy Metal offers a taste of
modem mechanized warfare on several
levels, from tactical planning to swap-
ping tank rounds with enemy gunners,
You start as a cadet in this simula-
tion and learn to operate three modem
weapon systems: the MlAl Abrams
Main Battle Tank (MBT), the Air De-
fense Anti-Tank (ADAT) System, and
the Fast Attack Vehicle (FAV), Only
after you qualify with these weapons
and earn a commission will you be al-
lowed to enter the Tactical Command
Center (TACC). This is where you'll
have a chance to earn pron^otions, de-
pending on how well you handle your-
self and your units in combat.
If you hope to avoid the wrath of
General E. E. "Bud" Dink following
each game's debriefing session, you'll
have to learn your way around your
equipment. The Ml battle tank is the
most sophisticated of the three weapons
and probably the most difficult to master.
The instrument screen in your tank
offers more than 20 different controls
and readouts, and it takes several ses-
sions to become familiar with them all.
Since some nasty fellows will be shoot-
ing at your tank, it's a good idea to fa-
miliarize yourself with the manual
before you head into combat. Fortu-
nately, the manual is clear and concise.
Your tank's Thermal Imaging Sys-
tem locates the enemy, and a Target
Cursor appears on the main screen
whenever targets move within range.
This information is fed automatically
into a Laser Rangefinder. Turn the
tank's turret with the joystick or key-
board until your 120mm cannon is
pointing at the target. Raise or lower
the cannon angle with the joystick until
the projectile range matches the target
range. Then press the fire button to
squeeze off a round. You'll see a shell
arc forward and watch the target ex-
plode— if your shooting is accurate. If
it's not, keep moving, make lots of
smoke, and hope your armor is thick,
because these targets shoot back.
The ADAT is a tank-mounted
weapon designed to destroy enemy
MiG fighters and TR-80 tanks. You
have a bank of laser-guided missiles
that are 90-percent effective against the
jets. You also have a 30mm manually
operated cannon that's as good as your
aim against tanks and aircraft.
34 COMPUTE! s Gazene April 1989
Graphics on this screen have a pro-
nounced 3-D effect, featuring a desert
landscape, mountains, and clouds.
Tanks cross the screen as squadrons of
MiGs attack your unit. There's plenty
happening in this scenario, and the
graphics of the attacking planes are es-
pecially good.
The action is fast and furious, and
you'll need three hands to fight effec-
tively. Two hands on the joystick aim
and fire the cannon. One shell will bring
down a plane, but it takes at least two
well- placed hits to destroy a tank. Laser
missiles lock on the jets automatically,
but you'll need the third hand on the
space bar to launch them. They fly real-
istically toward the incoming aircraft.
They're effective, but you'll need the
cannon's rapid-fire capability to survive,
1 particularly enjoyed the ADAT.
I've piled up some impressive scores,
but a lot depends on your joystick. If it's
worn and sluggish, you'll have a tough
time lining up the crosshairs on your
targets.
The third weapon in your mecha-
nized arsenal is the FAV. It's a TOW
missile launcher mounted on a dune
buggy. The FAV is more of a driving
simulation than the others, but there's
one little catch, Vou can steer, but you
can't brake, and the FAV's only speed is
close to 100 mph. Your object is to de-
stroy equipment and supplies as you
drive through the enemy lines without
crashing. Steer and shoot accurately;
there are plenty of obstructions waiting
to destroy your FAV.
Any of the simulations
here is good enough to be
sold separately.
Watch out for helicopters and in-
coming mortar rounds, too; you've got
99 different defense levels to pene-
trate— and you have only ten vehicles.
This is the simplest of the three simula-
tions, but 1 had a terrible time eaming a
decent score. It's fun to play, but I
thought I'd never qualify.
Any of these simulations is good
enough to be sold separately, but to-
gether they make a value -packed com-
bination. And there's still more.
Once qualified on each of the three
units, you're promoted to second lieu-
tenant. (Scores are saved each time you
play, so you don't have to master all
three at one time.) Now that you're an
officer, you can enter the Tactical Com-
mand Center and exercise your leader-
ship qualities.
Several numerically superior ene-
my units are moving toward your head-
quarters. You have one each of the
MET, ADAT, and FAV units, plus a
support unit of your choice. Your objec-
tive is to intercept the enemy units and
defend your HQ.
As in a real battle, each unit has a
limited amount of fuel and ammuni-
tion. If supplies run low, you have to
pull that unit out of combat and send it
back to resupply at HQ. If the enemy
occupies your HQ, your supplies are cut
off until you can regain control. Run out
of fuel and you're out of action.
The TACC screen resembles a topo-
graphical map. Your units are on the left,
next to HQ, and the computer places
several enemy units on the map. When
the game begins, the enemy starts mov-
ing toward your HQ. As the defending
commander, you have to send units out
to engage the advancing forces.
When all the units are in combat,
the computer handles the fighting. You
could just sit back and watch the pro-
gress, but your units probably will be
defeated unless you give them a hand.
Select an MBT, ADAT, or FAV unit and
enter the combat yourself. Help them
out for as long as you choose; then
check the battle's progress. You can
move your units, have them engage
other enemy positions, or fall back to
resupply — whatever you think is best.
Since your forces are outnum-
bered, don't be too discouraged if you
don't win. Concentrate on eliminating
as many of the enemy as you can.
That's the way to gain advancement
points, and your record will be saved on
the unprotected disk. Earn enough
points and promotions and you can
even outrank General Dink himself.
Heavy Metal is fun on several lev-
els. Play the FAV or ADAT for arcade
action, or try the MBT if you want more
depth of play. Strategy gamers will en-
joy the TACC and the challenges it of-
fers. I may not share General Patton's
feelings about war, but I certainly get a
kick out of Heavy Metal.
— To Hi Netse!
Heavy Metal: Modem Land Combat
Access Software
545 W. 500 S.
Bountiful, UT 84010
$39.95
Caveman
Ugti'lmpics
We've rigged up, at great expense to
ourselves, a satellite hookup to the pre-
historic past. (You know, the first 15
minutes of the movie 200]: A Space Od-
yssey). To justify the cost, we asked the
first cave dweller we saw to review
Caveman Ugh-lyinpics, a rew game from
Electronic Arts.
"Ugh. Need three things." (He's
holding up four fingers. This could be a
problem.)
"Number I: Need sturdy joystick.
No namby-pamby icon mover. Rough
'n' tough gamestick. Number 2: Need
tenacity, uh . . . stick-to-it-ness. Games
not that easy. Number 3: Need funny-
bore. Ugh-lympks a real tickle."
What Mr. uh . . . what Ugghhh is
saying is that Electronic Arts has done it
again. Apparently, some of its program-
mers took part in one of those zany,
twisted sessions they obviously have
often at EA. The result is an entertain-
ing set of games whose entertainment
value lies as much in the games' humor
as in the playing.
It's 35000 B.C. and you're invited
to participate in the Caveman Ugh-
lympics. You can choose to be any of six
characters who take part in six bone-
crushing events: Mate Toss, Fire Mak-
ing, Clubbing, Dino Race, Dino Vault,
and Saber Race. You play Cavemayi
Ugh-lympics much the ivay you play
Epyx's IV/jifcrand Summer Games, with
similar joystick moves. Up to six play-
ers can compete, or you can compete on
your own against the computer.
Let's look at some of the games up
close.
Two contestants (Thag and Ugha)
sit glaring at each other in front of two
piles of brush. At the signal (Ugh!) each
begins rubbing two sticks together, try-
ing to make sparks. Ugha succeeds first
and starts puffing at the sparks to ignite
the pile of brush. Frustrated, Thag clob-
bers Ugha with his club, buying time
while Ugha admires the pretty stars or-
biting his head, Thag now has sparks and
is furiously puffing away when Ugha re-
turns the favor with his own club.
Suddenly a wisp of smoke appears
in Ugha's brush. Taking a deep breath,
he delivers a blast of air to the brush
pile, but nothing happens. Thag, re-
cently back from his tour of the heav-
ens, rubs his sticks faster. Now he has
smoke, too. When n red-faced Ugha
stops to catch his breath, Thag nails
him again with his club.
Thag fans his festering fire into a
roaring blaze and wins the Fire Making
competition in a now record time of
63,5 seconds!
Next event: Mate Toss.
Gronk barks, "Come with me,
woman," stepping into a rock-bordered
circle.
Grabbing her by the ankles, he be-
gins to swing her around slowly. Grad-
ually increasing speed, he suddenly
releases his grip, and she sails outward
in a graceful arc — 10 ... 20 ... 30
fools. Thrashing for all she's worth,
she makes her landing approach rather
like an air- thrown bowling ball. It's a
three-bouncer, 33 foots. She shrugs
her shoulders.
"Hold foots longer," she advises.
On his next attempt, Gronk hangs
on too long, turns purple in the face,
and throws only 21 foots. His mate,
though groggy, gives him a thumbs-
down. "Mate built like boulder," he
grumbles.
Everyday People on CompuServe
Sit Down and Shop.
No matter how close yoii live to the local mall, it'll
never be as convenient as CompuServe. Beoiuse The
Electronic Mall® is as close as your keyboard, and it's
open 24 hours a day.
You'll find a "Prices in the Mail are very
wide Vitriety of good for comparison shopping
shops you m ighl especially for someone like me
not normally find tvbo lives in a small town where
locally. Like Bloom- Ibere 's only one store, and no
ingdale's or the software."
Metropolitan _ Greg Ttvtler, College Student
Museum of Art gift
shop. There's a discount shopping club called Shopper's
AdvaiitJige':'^ You c^n talk directly to merchants. And
you can make informed shopping decisions with
Consumer Reports online.
Call 800 848-8199 or see your computer dealer
Then, instead of shopping till you drop, you can just
pull up a chair.
CompuServe'
Third and final attempt. VVhoosh—
20, 30, 40, 50! Speed, timirg, and
thrashing all combine to create a toss of
59 foots and a grinning thumbs-up
from his mate. Not a record, but good
enough for middle rock at the awards
fight, (Top rock: get knees bashed; bot-
tom rock: got head bashed; middle rock;
get both.)
Next event: Clubbing.
Two adversaries grimace at each
other from opposite sides of a tall butte,
a dangerous drop-off on all sides. Clubs
rendy, the two stomp impatiently,
awaiting the start of intimidation. (An
advantage here may determine the win-
ner of the game.) At a given signal, each
begins to flail and jump wildly. Gronk is
startled, but stands his ground. Con-
fused by his lack of reaction, Crudla
backs up a few steps to consider strate-
gy. Before she can formulate a plan, the
clubbing begins. Gronk attacks first with
a low knee bash. Crudln counters by
pointing over Gronk 's shoulder.
"Graphics grade A
number 1 — almost like
cartoon — and neat
touches make for many
belly laugh."— iigghh
"Look, it bird!"
Gronk stops, turns, and never sees
Crudla's fearsome head bash. Furious,
Gronk attempts to deliver a face bop,
but Crudla ducks. She points again.
"It plane!"
Gronk turns to look, not realizing
planes have yet to be invented. Crudla
connects with another head bash.
Gronk recovers, only to find Crudla
pointing behind him a third time.
"It Superman!"
As Gronk turns, Crudla strikes
with a knee bash and a final overhead
bash. Gronk crumples to the rock and
Crudla gloats.
"Don't he know COMICS not in-
vented yet?"
For you twentieth-century types,
we'll point out that the programmers of
Caveman ilgh-li/mpics have also provid-
ed n bit of prehistoric logic. Odd-
numbered players — 1, 3, 5 — use
joystick 1 (in port 2), and even-num-
bered players — 2, 4, 6 — -use joystick 2
(in port 1). They also refer to disks 1-4,
though there are only two disks. But
we're picking nits here. (Ugghh notes
that cavemen have a lot of those.)
It's only fitting that we close with a
few words from our man-in-tbe-cave
reviewer. Go ahead, Ugghh.
36 COMPUTErs Gazalta April 1989
"Ugh! Revievver not say much
more except graphics grade A number 1
terrific^almost like cartoon^and neat
touches make for many belly laugh.
"Top-notch game.
"You buy."
—Robin and David Minnick
Caveman Ugh-lympics
Electronic Arts
1820 Gateway Dr.
San Mateo, CA 94404
$29.95
Writer 64
This fast, professional, G EOS -compatible
word processor from Timeworks pro-
vides a different look, feel, and expe-
rience from ^eoWrite's.
Anyone who uses gcoWrilc inten-
sively and who enjoys the other aspects
of the GEOS operating system will
jump at the chance to work with a fast-
er, more flexible word processor. This
would be especially true for a word pro-
cessor that provided the advantages of
geoWrite — without the disadvantages
of jumping back and forth on the page,
losing some characters from the key-
board buffer, wailing for the screen to
scroll up or down, and having to look at
the fuzzy appearance of some fonts on
the 40-column screen.
Some time ago, I decided that what
I needed was a sort of "geoSpeed-
Script": a text editor simple enough for
a beginner to use right out of the box,
but with advanced features available in
the background for those with the am-
bition to learn them. I wanted a word
processor with the ability to perform
global formatting. It also needed to be
clear, manageable, and, above all, fast.
Here's an example of how this hy-
pothetical Commodore 64 word proces-
sor could be used. Recently, 1 needed to
sot up a long manuscript to print as a
booklet. 1 wanted the large Roma font
in bold throughout, fully justified, with
a header and a footer. The manuscript
was only 30 pages long, but it took no
less than three hours to format it the
way I wanted it with geoWrite 2.1 for
the 64,
geoWrite lacks the ability to select
the entire manuscript, so you have to
make global changes page by page. I
had to select the page, impose the 18-
point Roma font, then choose boldface,
select full justification, and finally insert
the page break carefully to avoid wid-
ows and orphans. Then, when I was a
little way into the procedure, 1 had to
stop and do it over again, 1 had forgotten
to insert the header and footer, which af-
fect the page length. Then, when 1 print-
ed the first page, 1 discovered that I had
neglected to insert an extra blank line
beneath the header, making it appear
too close to the body text. So I had to do
it over again, readjusting the page
breaks throughout the manuscript.
In the end, the manuscript looked
great on paper, and I felt a warm sense
of accomplishment for having stuck
with a difficult task. But 1 had the strong
feeling that there had to be a bettor
way. Once again, 1 resolved to sit down
with geoProgrammer and begin "geo-
SpeedScript." Someday.
Writer 64, from Timeworks, makes
that forbidding project unnecessary.
Not everyone will instantly fall in love
with this word processor, and it does
have a few serious drawbacks, but it
also represents a happy marriage of
GEOS and fast word processing.
The Writer 64 screen looks differ-
ent from geoWrite's. When you enter
text, you don't see the familiar
WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You
Get) screen. The text is uniformly dis-
played in a highly readable version of
the system font. When you select a now
font, type stylo, page width, tab, or
page break, it's represented onscreen
by a reverse at-sign (@). You can see
the information contained in the em-
bedded code by moving the cursor to
the text. The information contained in
the code will be displayed in an on-
screen window.
If you've ever seen XyWriie (a pro-
fessional word processor for the PC) in
action, you'll recognize some of the
philosophy behind Writer 64. The
screen presents the text with its format-
ting codes, not the page as it will appear
on paper. It's a throwback to an earlier,
simpler time, when computers were un-
able to display anything but text.
If you're wedded to the WYSIWYG
ideal and you absolutely must see the
page as it will appear on paper, you can
still do that. Simply click on Full Page
and you'll be able to move all around a
depiction of the printed page. You
won't be able to edit, but you will see a
realistic preview — which is the whole
idea behind WYSIWYG in the first place.
Meanwhile, you'll be able to type
as fast as you want and change any as-
pect of your manuscript as often as you
like. If you have a global attribute to set,
simply go to the beginning of the
manuscript and set it there. The entire
manuscript will take on that attribute,
unless it's specifically overridden later
in the text.
You can affect the type style and
font globally {throughout a manu-
script). Writer 64 also has the built-in
capability (o print a final-draft-quality
printout (double-printing each line on a
dot-matrix printer) or a first-draft-
quality printout (for a quick preview on
paper).
You can't import geoWrite docu-
ments, and currently there's no way to
translate between geoWrite and Writer
64. I find this to be n real timwbacl^ —
this should be a minimal requirement
of a GEOS- compatible word processor.
(The package says it's ^eoWnVr-compat-
ible, but that's based on the fact that it
can use the same fonts geoWrile can.)
You can save a file as ASCII, but you'll
lose all your formatting. Perhaps Time-
works will provide a translation package
as an upgrade in the future. A Time-
works spokesperson told me that other
users have requested this. I wouldn't be
surprised to see a translation program
appear on the bulletin boards.
You can't select text by dragging
through it. To select text, you must se-
lect Mark from the Edit menu and then
pull the selection through the manu-
script with the cursor keys. The key-
board buffer is rather large— 15
characters, by my estimate — so the se-
lection can easily get away from you.
You may find yourself selecting beyond
the point where you want to stop and
continuing up to 15 lines or characters
beyond. For people who are used to
mice, this will seem odd, but hear in
mind that the underlying philosophy of
Writer 64 is different from that of gi'O-
Write. This is a text -editing, keyboard-
intensive word processor. You're
sacrificing some of the glamour of gcO'
Write for speed.
One thing that ! may never get
used to is the limited number of options
available for selected text. You can only
cut, copy, or paste text. You can't
change the formatting or font, for in-
stance, as you can with geoWrite.
Text cut or copied from geoWrite
into the Text Manager can't be pasted
into a Writer 64 document — Writer 64
only recognizes its own text scraps. It
will import graphics from geoPaiiit,
however. The graphics scrap has to be
in a Photo Manager album.
it
'/(■Writer 64 trades off some
of geoWrite's glamour
iiim
for speed.
Inserting a graphic is something of
a trial, but it's also more flexible than
inserting a graphic with^colVnle, When
inserting a graphic with Writer 64,
you'll be asked to specify its offset from
the upper left comer of the page. That
requires a considerable amount of pre-
planning, gcoWrite will center a photo
scrap on the page and automatically
leave room for it. Writer 64 will place the
graphic literally anywhere on the page.
If you're careless with your measure-
ments, it will happily superimpose the
graphic over the text. If you edit the text
in a wav that shoves it around on the
page, you might ruin the graphic by put-
ting text where the graphic should be,
Timeworks recommends that you
place the call for a graphic at the very
beginning of the page on which it
should appear — if you place it beyond
that point, it won't be printed. The
company also recommends that you
print out a copy of a page before insert-
ing the graphic. That way you can mea-
sure the position of the graphic and
enter the values exactly.
When 1 initially used Writer 64 with
a 128 in 64 mode, running from the
1 750 REU, Writer 64 had a lot of trouble
with large-font W's and M's. They
printed on paper and appeared in the
page preview as smears or other weird
shapes. When the product ivas used
again on the same equipment, and on
the 64 with a 1541 disk drive, this prob-
lem didn't occur, I would recommend
that the program be run from the i<EU if
possible because of the remarkable
speed and flexibility it lends to virtually
all phases of GEOS activity.
When the 1541 was used to edit a
3K text file, all of the action was accept-
ably fast except the page preview. It
look nearly Z'h minutes to put a
WYSIWYG display on the screen so that
1 could get an idea of what the document
would look like on paper. It took a simi-
lar length of time to preview a reduced
version of the screen (as can be done
Everyday People on CompuServe
Take a Trip.
Whether you travel for business or pleasure,
CompuServe can help you get a tetter hiindle on it. You'll
have access to information from virtually every major
domestic and inter- — , .
national airline,
right at your fin-
gertips. So, you
can compare fares,
select your route
and the most con-
venient travel
times — even book
your reservations,
"loftenflyfrom New \brk to
Tampa, andiflplanmyfligbl
online, lean save SI 50 to S200
on that trip alone. In the last
year, I'm saved enough money
to buy a round-trip ticket to
Paris."
— Dim Sanderson, Systems Consultant
right down to the car rental and hotel.
Before you travel abroad, verify piussport and visa
requirements in advance. And. if you're going to a new
resort, try the Travel Forum for firsthand tips from people
who have been there before. Call 800 848-8199, or see
your computer dealer You'll find CompuSer\'e is just the
ticket, when it comes to traveling anywhere.
CompuServe^
with geoWriie's page-preview function).
When the WYSIWYG preview
(which Timeworks calls Full Page) is on
the screen, you can use your pointing
device to move from place to place on
the page. When I moved (he display
from the top of ihe page to the bottom,
it took over 30 seconds to bring the bot-
tom of the screen into view.
By using the REU, I was able to cut
both of these times to just a few seconds.
You must have GEOS version 1.3
or a more recent version in order to run
Writer 64 (for this review, 1 used the new
GEOS 2.0). Like all GEOS products.
Writer 64 performs rather slowly with
the 1541; with the 1581 or 1571, it's a lit-
tle faster; but with the REU, it's a rabbit.
Writer 64 can work only with files
ranging to slightly longer than 7K (just
over a thousand words), but you can
chain files together to make up longer
documents. A box in the upper right
corner of the screen keeps track of the
amount of space remaining. If you use
up too much space, a warning will ap-
pear onscreen telling you to close this
section and start another.
When writing, you'll need to be
aware of the various parameters. If
you're writing in bold and you tempo-
rarily switch to italics, you have to re-
member to turn italics off. To turn it off,
select Plain and then Bold again from
the Style menu. (When you select Plain
to turn off italics, it turns off Bold, as
well.) As you can see, this word proces-
sor requires some thought and planning.
If you move the mouse during a
screen refresh, you might end up leav-
ing the cursor in a random location. For
instance, i moved the mouse pointer to
a given position, clicked, and then
moved it to another location at the mo-
ment the screen was being updated.
During the split second it took for the
mouse click to register, the cursor
moved to a new location along the line
of travel.
Pulling the mouse cursor beyond
the top or bottom of the page does not
scroll the screen. The screen will scroll
(very rapidly) one line at a time if the
cursor is, for instance, on the top line
and you use the cursor keys to move
upward. Clicking on a special set of
arroivs will cause the display to move
up or down one page (a screenful).
Writer 64 also offers mail merge,
online help, and a spoiler.
With mail merge. Writer 64 allows
you to merge your document with other
data. You can have as many as nine
fields per record, which means that you
can write a form letter and leave as vari-
ables a person's name, street address,
city, state, and zip code, as well as name
of spouse, car make, blood type, and
shoe size.
A program that concentrates so
heavily on keyboard input needs a help
screen to assist you in remembering all
the options available. Writer 64 pro-
vides three pages of help screens show-
ing all the key combinations needed to
run the word processor.
If you have more than one drive
running, the speller has to bo in the op-
posite drive and on a disk named
SPELLING. Once you've invoked the
speller, you won't be able to continue
until you've inserted a disk named
SPELLING. It's poor programming, but
not uncommon in GEOS applications.
You should always be able to back out
of a decision without having to reboot.
Although the speller worked fine
when the disk was in a 1571, it wouldn't
work at all with the speller files on the
disk in the 1581 drive or on the REU.
You can't cheat by having a two-sided
disk named SPELLING with both your
text file and the speller in the 1571. 1
tried everything I could think of to get
around these problems — to no avail.
The speller evidently has to be on a one-
sided disk in a 1541 or 1571 disk drive.
It's a relatively fast speller, even
when compared to ^eoSpell running on
the REU.
The speller doesn't allovv you to
create a personal directory. The speller
dictionary is enormous, however —
100,000 words. The complete speller,
including this enormous dictionary.
Get Twice the Speed
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< Four times faster processing speed combined with five
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assemblers, graphtcs.GEOS, etc. Compatible with most
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< Why upgrade when you can enjoy dazzling performance
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Data acquisition and control interfaces
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Model SS100 Plus S129, Additional $119.
Original Ultimate Interface
Universally applicable dual 6522 versatile interface adapter board.
ivlodel 64IF22 S169. Additional $149.
16-Channel, 8-bit analog-to-digital conversion module.
Requires model 641 F22. Model 64IF/ADC0816 $69.
Interface boards include extensive documentation and program
disk. Manuals available separately for examination. Call or write
for detailed brochure.
Resources for Serious Programmers
• Symbol Master Multi-Pass Symbolic Disassembler. C64 & C128. $49,95
• PTD6510 super-powerful Symbolic Debugger, C64. S49.95
• MAE64 6502('65C02 Macro Editor /Assembler. S29.95
• C64 Source Code Bool(, Kernal and Basic ROMs. $29.95
"We engineer miraclos,'
SCHNEDLER SYSTEMS
Dept. G 4 , 25 Eastwood Road, P.O. Box 5964
Ashevllle, North Carolina 28813 Telephone: (704) 274-4646
VISA and Mastercard accepted.
All prices include shipping
prepaid to US addresses.
takes up an entire disk side.
Wriier 64 is fast (even faster than
SpeedScripi when you're inserting text
early in a lengthy document) and key-
board-intensive (which will be appreci-
ated hy touch typists). It's capable of
formatting tricks that go beyond geo-
Writf, but you won't see the onscreen
formatting unless you request a preview,
Writer 64 is not geoWrite-compatible,
however, and it refuses to import text
scraps from the text manager. Writer 64
doesn't have vvhat could have been its
greatest strength — the ability to work
as an adjunct to geoWrite. As a stand-
alone word processor, it's a tradeoff of
speed and convenience in exchange for
geoWrite's graphics interface. Mouse
mashers will hate it, because the mouse
(or other pointing device) plays such a
small role. (You could conceivably get
along entirely without a mouse once
the program was running.)
Writer 64 was produced by a repu-
table company with a well-deserved
reputadon for quality software and reg-
ular upgrades. I consider it a good buy if
you do a lot of word processing with
your GEOS-driven 64.
— Robert Bixby
Writer 64
Titneworks
444 Lake Cook Rd.
Deerfield, IL 60015
$49.95 G
BACKUP PROTECTED
SOFTWARE FAST.
From the team who brought you
Copy II for the Apple, the Macintosh
and the IBM comes a revolutionary
new copy program for the Commodore
64/128 computers.
• Copies many protected programs —
automatically. (We update Copy II
64/128 regularly to handle new
protections; you as a registered
owner may update at any time for
S15plus$3s/h.)
• Copies even protected disks in
under 2 minutes {single drive),
1 minute (dual drive).
• Improved support for ROM updates
on 1571 drives.
• Maximum of four disk swaps on a
single drive.
• Includes fast loader, 12-second
format.
Requires a Commodore 64, 128, or
"D" computer wrilh one or two 1541
or 1571 drives.
Sales/Information: call
503/690-8090, 8 - 5 RS.T, M-F. We
accept 3E ^- Or send a check for
$39,95 dS. plus $3 s/h, $8 overseas.
$39.95
Central Point Software, Inc.
15220 N.W. Greenbrier Parkway, #200
Beaverton, OR 97006
CenindRmt
bfimans
i.siinntiMi.ii
Call for a catalog of our full product line.
This product is prmided >or the purposo at enabling you to make arehr\ral copies only.
NEW
V6.0
ULTRABYTE
DISK
NIBBLER
NIBBLE COPIER WITH 305 PARAMETERS
FOR COMMODORE 64 AND 128
• Copies mosi protected disks in 2 minutes without
need for parameters including rapid-locked
• 305 parameters to make unprotected copies of recent
programs including VMAX protection. 100 more than
V5.0, Send stamped envelope for list
• Copies up (o 40 tracks using 1 or 2 1541 or 1571
drives. Copies both sides on 1571
• Copies itself (lor this reason, no refunds given)
VG.O $29.95 PLUS M.OO SHIPPING
1. Disk Surgeon V2.0" new dlsl( utility S10.00
2. Ultramail ■- mail list and labels ) both for
Handy-Capper •• race tiandlcapper j S10.Q0
3. McMurphy's Mansion ■■ text adventure . . j both for
Soluware -, solutions to 10 adventures. . . j SI 0.00
4. 150 older parameters and lile copier S10.00
Add $4.00 stripping {covers up to 5 Hems)
Maslercafd, Visa, Chack Of M,0.,Cnlil. add 6.5% (S1. 85) sales Ian.
Foreign OfdersJCOD add S2.a0. Payment must bo In U.S. funds
liPDATES ' V6.0 Is same as V5.0 but witti 100 new parameters.
Return original Ullrabyle parameter disk with S1S.00 pius $4.00
sl^ippirrg. Foreign add S2.00. No exceptions.
To order, write or call 24 hr, order line. For inlo. write.
ULTRABYTE (818) 796-0576
P.O. Box 789 LaCanada, CA 91011 USA
I 1
■ FACTORY AUTHORIZED *
COMMODORE REPAIR CEWTER
1-800-772-7289
[312)879-2888 IL
42.95 Amiga Repair
C64 Repair ,k, [»ti
CI 28 Repair i^it^iTi. 64.95
1541 Permanent
Alignment 29.95
IS41 Repair 79.95
IS7I Repair 79.95
, 99.95
Amiga Drive
Repair 149.95
Printers , CALL
Monitors CALL
Ottier Equipment . . CALL
CALL BEFORE SHIPPING
PARTS AMD LABOR INCLUDED
FREE RETURN SHIPPING
(APQ, FPO. AJH AOO KO.OO]
24-48 HR. TURNAROUWD
[Sub>Kt 10 P«tl AvalHtJIIIlyl
30 DAY WARRANTY ON ALL REPAIRS
COMMODORE PARTS
C-64 Power Supply 34.95
1 28 Power Supply 59.95
C-64 Over Voltage Sensor 19.95
Other PartJ CALL
fPlui 13.00 Shipping/ Hsndltng I
All parts for Commodore equipment usually in stock
For Parts Call (3]2| 879-23S0
Dealer Discounts Available ,~- —
TEKTONICS PLUS, INC. i -
150 HOUSTON STREET ^^
BATAVIA, IL 60510 *^'
Ctrl' AND 5AVE
COMPUTSrs Gazotic April 1989 39
( Since 1981
Lyco Computer
Marketing & Consultants
Air Orders Processed Within 24 Hours.
COMMODORE 128d
$429^=
■tZBKStd.
* 3 Mode Operation
1-64i Runs 64
software. 2 CI 2B:
Faster, more mercufy
lot tncreasad
productivity
3CPM: Uses
Starulard cpm titles
L
COMMODORE 64c
• Commodote 64C SVSteiTI
• Excel FSD-Z Disk SDOCial
Drive
IBO£C Monitor ^^^Sl
COMMODORE COLT PC
L
The CoranKXJore Co*, a
corfrpuler ^th all tt>e built-
in teaturos you nrrod. T}>e
Colt ictiKios MOK, RAM,
CGA vrdoo support, two
5.2S 360K disk drives,
senal and pArallcl ports
wim thfee clock speeds
(4.77;7.16.'9.I4MHI).
SAVE! 10% off any software title in stock when ordered with a 128-D, 64C. or Colt PC!
COMMODORE
1670 Modem
Save time and irscfease
productivity vtith Ihfl
Cemmodore 1670 modom. "Ria
1670 utilizes the popuEnr "AT
HaysB command sots, buili in
tp«ahor auto di-a^ nnd auto
answer. For aliprciabtlrty and
ro^tflb^lrty. chooso th«
Commodore 1670 ^4odO[n.
Excel FSD-2+ Disk Drive
$149«=
100% Contmodors
S4C drivB compatibte,
itiis Excsiefator Plus
dtsif drive i$ quieter,
snnarlef, taster, and
more re!iabli> titan llw
1541 and1541C.
Xetec Super Graphix
For the ulUmate In
perlomiance and speed in a
Commodore intedaca. edect
the Xetoc Super Gra;*iix.
Standard (oatuios irKhjde an
SK buMer, to porrting modes,
intamat tont supports and a
lilotima warranty.
$55
95
LIMma Warranty!
COMMODORE 64
POWER SUPPLY
Tirod ol buyirtg yot anothor
\\vcn*'U«ffi brick power supply
(Of your Commodoro 64? Go
wiHi the Micro R&D power
supply The ^WV 70VA
(matures double I used systems,
sdTematfcs, And a ono-year
warranty. Slay with tlio best,
stay with MtcroR&O.
$34
95
t-YBSr Winanly
COMMODORE
1581
Disk Drive
Add riKxe confuting power to
your Conunodoro with the
1Sfl1 disk drive. T7ie158t
leaiurss 3.5' 720K storage
capacHy and DS.DD. Add
Ilia tsat on your Commodoro
today.
$187
95
EPfK 500 XJ
The Epyx 500 XJ soorefl
signrfk:anl<y Nghor. laster. and
easJor timn any joystick
mafiiJtadurAd. The 500 XJ
comes wilh palm grip arid
triggef Anger firing. Break yotrf
previous record witti the Epyx
500 XJ,
$13
95
1^^
rV
MAGNAVOX
CM 8762
-f
$239
The Magnavox CM 6762 l^"
monitor is thig smajl choice fof
yoHjr compLTiing needs.
Slarxlard resoK^tion is 640H x
S^OV. This monitor includes a
ixiiit4n tiH stand plus a groon
lext display switch, For a
monitor with RGB TTL tCGA)
and composite inputs, slay
wilh the Magnavox CM 8762.
95
Suggested use 128D or Coll PC.
MAGNAVOX
CM 8702
$179
95
The Magnavox CM B702 ts Ihe
monilor you can rely on tor
your ojkM composite morVtor
needs. The CM 8702 is a IT
mofiilof with corrtposite vkJoo
inputs arKl a standard
resolution ot 530M x 3&0V,
plus groen taxi display switch.
A bHjin-in (III stand and
centenng sharpness conlrois
also ara included.
Suggested use 64C.
1-800-233-8760
MONITORS
Magnavox
BtW7652 S84.9S
BM7622 S84 95
7BM-813 S79.9S
7BM-«23 $79,95
CM8702 S179.9S
CMB762 K39.9S
6CM-5IS $259.95
9CIM-<^ S339-95
gCMtteS S439.95
NEC
MuHiiync GS $239.95
Multisync 11 $589.95
Multityrw + $099,95
Multisync XL $2699.95
Commodore
tBOaC StB9.95
1084 $279.95
Lyco Means Total Service.
AVATEX " 1200hc
MODEM
Vereatlte powof and
pertoTTTiartco. The Avfltox
120CH1C delivtir^ thG groat
leaturos QMhe Avatex 1200
and mofo, incfudJng Hayes*
compatibililY- ^Q allow usfl with
virtuafly alJ leading
connmunrcaEions software. ^
Attention
Educational
Institutions
If you aro not currBnily using
our oducalonal service
ptogiam, pie ass ciTI our
repro&oniaiives fo* doidits.
AVATEX 1200E
MODEM
TuJI Mayas'^ oommand sot. on-
Nno vdco/data switching, plus;
• 2 configuration settings
• 4 phorie rHjm&CTS StCTTEKl
• External connguralion
$witghes
* View menu
$69
95
Avatex
12000 $69.95
12001 PC Canl $65JS
I200p Se9.95
IZOOne Moctem , J89.9S
2400 S149.95
24001 II PC Card $12e.9S
Seikosha
SP Series Rlbbofi ST,9S
SP 1200AS RS2a3 . . Sie9 95
SP 1600AI S189.9S
SL BOAi $329.95
EK3000 Al $369.95
SK3O05 Al J445.95
SL 130Ai $569.95
MPS420FA $999,95
SPB to SCAUL
Star Micronics
NX-IOOO St69.95
NX-1000C(64C) $169.95
^X■1000 Color $225.95
NX-1000C Color
164C) S229.9S
NX.15 $S«9,9S
kX-2400 S309.95
NR-fO $319.95
NR-15 $419.95
NB24-10 24 Pin $419 95
NB24-15 24 Pin 55*5.95
NB-IS 24 Pin $669.95
r 9 $1759.95
Peak Modem Cable
your total solution for
Commodore 64./12S to
Modem Connections
$25
95
Hayes US Robotics
Smartmodem 300 ...... S139.95 Courier 1200 £169.95
Smarlmodem 1200 .... S279.95 Courier 2400 $289,95
Smanmodefm 2400 , W19.95 Sportslor 1200 PC 57995
Smanmodem 1 200B . 5279.95 Counor 24000 $319.95
Smutlmodem 2400B . $419.9S Courlor 2400 PS $259,95
Courier S600 MST $819,95
PRINTERS
Citizen
120 D S144.95
180 D $159,95
MSP-40 5279,95
MSP-15E $329.95
MSP-50 $369.95
MSP-45 $389.95
Tntjule 124 $399.95
MSP.55 ,. $459,95
Premiere 35 $499,95
TritWJla 224 $589,95
Brother
Hn20 $345,95
Ml 709 $439.05
Ml 7241 ...., S569 95
Hn40 S599 95
HR60 $699,95
Twitlwriter 6 Dot 4
Daisy $899.95
^jm\^/
Okidata
Ol(imale20 $129 95
Oitimaie 20 w cart $189,95
182 $209.95
180 , 5219.95
182+ $225.95
163 5239.95
320 $339.95
292 w.'inlerlaeo $449.95
321 $469.95
390 5479.95
293 w rnlerface 5585.95
391 5549.95
294 winlertace 5814.95
393 ., $955.95
Laser 6 SCAU
Epson
LXeOO $185.95
LO500 $309.95
FX850 5339 95
EXBOO 5369.95
FXIOSO $449.95
LQ850 $529.95
LQ1050 5739.95
FX5000 $1399.95
Panasonic
lOSOi Model II $149.95'
10911 Model li .... CLOSEOUT
1160 S17B.95
3131 , $289,95
10921 $309 95
1124 $319.95
1592 $375.95
1695 $439.95
1524 24 Pin $559.95
Fan Partner $579.95
Optical Scanner $859 95
KXP 4450 laser $1429.95
1190 $NEW
'quantities limited
Toshiba
321SL $449.95
341 SL 5599.95
351 SX 400 eps $899.95
OKJDATA
Okimate 20
Color Printer
This affordable, personal
phnler provides full color
graphics capabilihes. nonr
^lt@r qu^ity pnniing, and
popular computer compatibii^t/.
B\ $129^5
ICITIZEN
Citizen 120D
(interfacing available)
IE yoy »t'tf SW*urjg worW
rencwnod printer perfonnance
fw your heme, look no lurtliar
Itian ^rm 1200 Y»JT d'la
pfKOlnii^ig noadl WO hjindiea
q?3 lOrart) or 2S cpa \Hi.O)
Tho %2GU ^oAturp'S 0 pn 0ol
mgEnx jxinr quaiiFy, alarKfofcf
p^ri'lel c«ritronics intsrlaca And
UK Eoit buH«r.
wmm^^^S^
$144
95
^ PRICE GUARANTEE —Since 1931, we have IwJ [he mdusliy By continuing lootler cne ?
lowest national pfjco^ whiig providing quality Mrvics. Many companies havo como and ^
gone liying to imrSoto our quality and service, fl by somo ovorsiglit we do nol havo tho v
fovifflst prices advortisod on Ihti produces you daairo, then wo woukj appreciate Ihe y
opportunity^ lo reelify this oversight. _ _ _ 4\
i
§
Turn ffw pag« (or more gnat buys!
Since 1981
Lyco Computer
Marketinig
& Consultants
Air Orders Processed Within 24 Hours.
Panasonic
Office Automation
KX-P 1080i Model ii
Fur spssd and ftexitjiliy in youT
office Of homo. PanaBonic
combirHH 192 cps dr^U wilh
38 cps NLQ lof a wide variety
of pnnhng neo>dS. A S-year
warranty from Panasonic
Afisurfis quality fiuppoft
KX-P1180
$179
95
KX-P 1124
$319
95
Tha 1130 by Panasonk; oWers you more than what
you might oxpoct in a lew co$l prinlar. WrTh mu?tepto
p&por patn$. versatita paper handling, and IronI
panel pj^ogrammabilrEy tl^rotigh llie EZ S«t Oporalot
panel. INj 1 180 is an excollcnt valuo. TTw 1 1B0 also
Ti>aluro9 2 i^xcollenl prfnt qualftiesi Heat Lotler
Quality and Draft, with spood$ up to 192 cps m Dratt
find 38 ops ir^ Near Leiler Quality ptus crisp, clear
graphics.
For ovKtElent pnnt quality in a Ngh speed phriterH
choow the KX'P 11 24. Its 24 p^n prim haad
produces draft text al a quick 192 cps (dratt) or
letter quaNty t&xl at 63 cps. In addition, the KX-P
1124 provides sL>ch standard features as selectable
puBh'pull tractor, a reside nl print fonts, parallel
Centronics interlace and a standard &K buffer.
Panasonic 3 KXP 1 124 ensures that your printing
will be last and professional.
$149
95*
Attention Bargain Hunters
Panasonic 10911 Model II closeaull
Call (Of details.
c r o
C X
NX- f 000
Star's answer to 9 pin dot matrix
printers. A soft touch control panel
and Star's paper parl< feature
solves your multi-document needs,
144 cps draft and 36 cps NLQ
give you high resolution 9 pin
performance in an affordable
package from Star.
Announcing STAR'S NX-1 000 Printer in 4 Models
NX-1000C
With a Star NX lOC>Oc printer your printing
options will never cease to amaze you. The
Star NX 1000c has standard ConrtnfKxtore
serial ir^Eerface lor &4.'1?B cornputers. Print
speed IS selectable at 144 cps (dr^Ft) or 36
cps {NLQJ arxJ paper parking m\i ler^
ver^attlity to your docurnont handling needs.
Tlw StoJ- NX lOOOo wilt lutfill your
requirerDonts to the letter-
NX-1 000 Rainbow
The Star NX-1 000 Rainbow adds a whole
new dimension to your work through multi-
color printing. Star has designed 20 printing
options into this printer. Add to this paper
parking, Epson^lBM emulation, high
resolution NLO graphics tor a pnnter with
extra taleni over the competition. Star's
NX^IOOO Rainbow does all the work.
NX-IOOOc Rainbow
Step Into a world fuli of cotor with the Star
NX lOOOc Rainbow pfinlor. Seven color
pnnting is availaPle along with the same
standard features of all Star NX 1 000
printers. Standard Commodore serial
iriteriaco is included Enhance your
ComnKxJore producttvity with Iha Star NX
1000C Rainbow.
$169
95
$225
95
$229
95
1-800-233-8760
Why shop at Lyco Computer?
Lyco Computer Is one of, if not the largest, and most
established firms to provide only quality name brand
computer products at prices 30% to 50% below retail.
We've set many industry standards, and we are setting the
pace for many more in the future. Our standards include: a
separate department for customer service; a price
guarantee: guaranteed factory fresh merchandise; diverse
payment and shipping policies, including a COD. policy
which allows customers to have products in their hands
before paying anything. Selection places Lyco at the
forefront of the industry. Due to our in-stock volume, we
cannot advertise all of our products. If you do not see the
product you want advertised, call Lyco Marketing toll free.
How do I know I will get the product I need?
Our marketing staff is weli-educated in the computer
Industry. They receive continuous formal training by our
manufacturers which enables them to develop and
maintain a high degree of expertise on the products they
represent. Though our strict guarantee on providing only
new merchandise prohibits free trial periods and a
guarantee on compatibility, a wealth of knowledge is
available to our customers to help with the purchasing
decision. As thousands of people every week capitalize on
our savings and services, we hope you too, will make Lyco
Computer your first choice.
What about warranty or service?
We decided several years ago that a Customer Service
Department was needed in the industry. Unfortunately, few
of our competitors offer this service. Our Customer Service
Department is available at (717) 494-1670 to provide
assistance in all warranty matters. Our product line enjoys
"name brand recognition," and we back ail of our
manufacturer's stated warranty terms. Many manufacturers
will allow defective products to be exchanged. Before
returning any item that appears to be defective, we ask
that you call our Customer Service Department to assist
you in determining if the product is defective. If the product
is determined defective, they will give you a special
authorization number and speed processing of your order.
Will you rush an item to me?
Since 1 981 , we have set the standard in the industry by
processing orders within 24 hours — not 4 to 6 weeks. We
offer next day air, two day air, standard UPS, and postal
International shipping services. Our records show we flil
95% of our orders daily. Temporary shortages are normally
filled within 10 days. If an order cannot be filled within 60
days, we refund your money in full, unless you choose to
wait for the order and benefit from the price savings. Any
time prior to shipment, you may cancel or change the out
of stock product by contacting our Customer Service
representatives.
How do I order?
Send your order to Lyco Computer, P.O. Box 5088, Jersey
Shore, PA, 17740. Or, call 1 -800-233-8760 or (717)
494-1030. We provide four payment methods. We have
always accepted C.O.D. orders through UPS. Prepaid
orders over $50 are shipped freight-free. For orders under
$50, please add $3 for freight. Orders prepaid by a certified
check or money order are shipped immediately. Personal
and company checks require a 4 week waiting period prior
to shipping. Visa and Master Card orders are accepted for
your convenience, but we cannot pass along the 4%
discount offered for cash. Purchase orders are accepted
from Educational Institutions. We only charge sales tax on
items delivered in Pennsylvania. For APO. FPO, and
international orders, please add S5 plus 3% for priority
mail. Advertised prices and availability are subject to
change.
Sales: 1-800-233-8760 or 717-494-1030
Hours: Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
Saturday, 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
Customer Servicer 717-494-1670
Hours: Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
FAX: 717-494-1441
5-1/4
(SSDD..
(DSOB.
:ssoo ,
^DSDD .
; DSDO .
DSHD .
COMMODORE
COMMODORE M COMHOOOn, iB
S25.95
Sze.ss
■I Bd $22.95
or2.eB.S1t.95
.„ S22.95
S8,9S
$11.95
$19.95
$13.95
$18.95
or sis.gs
$19.95
$22.95
$19.95
»1 $19.95
$25.95
$19.95
$19.95
$19.95
$22.65
$22.95
, $19.9S
$19.95
$26.95
$16.95
en _ $19.95
$31.95
Morkt:
„™.. $20.95
._ $36.95
$35.95
$55.95
S74.9S
$29.95
$32.95
. $7.9S
$eJ5
. $5.95
.$6-95
. $6.95
$13.95
Bonk Si- Wnler $29.95
Print Shop $28.95
Prim Shop Compen $20.95
Graphic Lib. 1,2.3 .. oa. $14.95
CauUfon $9.95
CarTDsn San OtMia.
Wortd $19.95
Camion San DiaQo,
USA $22.95
Carnien San [Xego.
Europe 522.95
Sopofbtke Chalonga ... $12.95
Bard's Talo III $25.95
Hunt tor Had October .. $25.95
Monopoly $20.95
Strike Float $20.95
Wastdand $25.95
Typhoon of Steel $29.95
Pool of Radtanco $23.95
Double Dragon $22.95
Bards Tale $25.95
Bards Talo, II $25.95
An oflidenl. profe&cional word
processing systam tf>at
includes an 65.000-word
spoiling checker and a buih-in
calculalor.
^dd
Surge
iuppressors
. $t6.»
S2B.95
PP102-6 ouUat
PP 106-6 outlet with
EMfflFI
PPt04-6outtel wifri
iridicator S19.9S
PP101-5 oullot
poworstrip ^,95
Modem Prolodor $10.95
Paper
1000 sheet lasor $16.95
1000 mailing labels $9.95
200 sheet OKI 20 .- $0.95
Banner Paper 4 5' Roll . $1 0 .95
200 sheet laser $6.95
Diskettes
xldes:
DBDD $4,05
3.5
I:
SSOD $11,60
DSDD $17.95
SSDD .» $10.95
DSDD $13.95
Caveman
Ugti-Lympics $19-95
Doath Lore $19.95
Mars Saga $22.95
Jordan ys. Bird $19.95
Sup«r Boutderdash $9.95
Lords ol Conquest $9.95
Modem Wars $22.95
Music Consljuctkin S«t . $9.95
Powerplay Hockey $1695
Pinbatl Construction $9.95
Skate or Die $19.95
Yoagera AFT $22.95
Fastkud $22.95
CaMomia Games $22-95
4x4 Ofl Road Racing .. $22.95
Games: Wimer Ed $22.95
Games: Summer Ed. - $22.95
Legend ol Btacteilver .. $22.95
Sporting News
Basatull i32.9S
Dive Bomber $22.95
Death Swonl $tB.95
Rnal Aauull $22.95
Impouible Mission 2 ... $2a95
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power
Richard Penn
Through creative use of raster inter-
rupts, this maclunc language rou-
tine gives you italic letters without
redefining any characters. It's small
and easy to use, and there are ver-
sions for both the 64 and the 128.
Italicized characters add flair and
zest to text displays. They can liven
up menus, help screens, and any
text-based program, such as an ad-
venture game.
You can use a custom character
set to create italic letters, but de-
signing it takes both time and ener-
gy, "Italics" cleverly uses raster
interrupts and the horizontal scroll
register for a quick and easy way to
highlight characters. You simply
run the program, and all your char-
acters— normal, inverse, custom,
and graphics — are italicized.
Getting Started
Italics comes in two versions: Pro-
gram 1 is for the 64, and Program 2
is for the 128. Enter the program
listing for your machine, (The 128
version works in 40-column mode
only.) Both programs are short ma-
chine language routines written in
BASIC loader format. Be sure to use
"The Automatic Proofreader,"
found elsewhere in this issue, to en-
sure accurate typing. Save a copy of
the program to tape or disk before
you run it.
To use Italics, simply load and
run the program. All characters dis-
played on the screen will become
italicized. Press RUN/STOP-RE-
STORE to disable italics. SYS to the
program's starting address (SYS
832 on the 64; SYS 4864 on the 128)
to reactivate them. You may load
and save other programs while Ital-
ics is active. Programs that change
the interrupt vector {like Speed-
Script) may not be compatible with
Italics. Disk access causes the dis-
Italics
play to re-adjust because it disturbs
interrupt timing.
The machine code for Italics is
fully relocatable; simply set the vari-
able SA in line 30 (both versions)
equal to the program's new starting
address. The default locations are
the cassette buffer at 832 {$0340} on
the 64 and in the free memory block
at 4864 ($1300) on the 128.
Dual Display
You can simultaneously display
normal text and italics by changing
line 100. The variable IS represents
the start of the italics zone in raster
lines, and IE represents the end.
The visible screen consists of raster
lines 50-249. Setting IE equal to
156 sets the top half of the display
in italics and the bottom half in nor-
mal text. You cannot get normal and
italic text on the same screen row.
How it Works
The program creates italic charac-
ters by decrementing the horizontal
scroll register (KD016) during raster
interrupts. The 64 version decre-
ments the scroll register every two
raster lines; the 128 version decre-
ments every four scan lines. The
128 is less efficient because it has to
do more during each interrupt cycle
(like checking for interrupt-driven
sprites). After eight lines, the scroll
register is reset to prepare for the
next row of characters.
See program listings on page 68. G
ATTENTION
PROGRAMMERS!
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good games, utilities, applications,
and educational programs written
in BASIC or machine language for
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tive rates along with handsome
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COMPU TE! 's Gaz<& AprI 11989 ^5
John Fralelgh
^^bASIC [
Add these ten useful commands to BASIC for improved loop
constructs, advanced string handling, and dedicated joystick
commands. You'll ivrite better programs in less time. For the 64.
Programming is easier and more
fun when you have a good lan-
guage to work with, "BASIC 10" is
an enhancer for the Commodore 64
that transforms BASIC 2.0 into a
superior language. It's a great step
toward learning languages like C
and Pascal.
BASIC 10 includes commands
for reading the joystick, string ma-
nipulation, and screen output.
BASIC 10 also allows longer vari-
able names — the first ten characters
are significant. Other features in-
clude the ability to RESTORE to a
line number and support of hexa-
decimal numbers.
Getting Started j^^^^mLZU
Program 1, BASIC 10, is written en-
tirely in machine language, so use
MLX when you enter the program.
When prompted by MLX, respond
with the values given below.
Starting addicss: OSOl
Ending address; OFAB
Be sure to save the program to tape
or disk before you exit MLX.
When you're ready to use
BASIC 10, perform a cold start by
typing SYS 64738. Now load and
run BASIC 10 as you would a
BASIC program. The screen border
and background change to brown
and the familiar power-up message
appears. Notice that there are only
37,119 bytes free instead of the
usual 38,911. Type the following
line in direct mode to complete
installation:
POKE 44,16;POKE 40%,0:NEW
This reserves the first 2K of memo-
46 COMPUTErs Ga20llo April 1989
ry, making BASIC programs start at
memory location 4097 instead of
2049.
A Whole New Language I -'^1
BASIC 10 is a superset of BASIC
2.0. There are many subtle differ-
ences between the two languages,
so it's important to read the com-
mand descriptions before you start
programming. The new commands
are JOY, FIRE, INSTRS, STRING$,
IF/THEN/ELSE, REPEAT/UNTIL,
WHILE/WEND, HOME, CLS, and
LOCATE. Programs that use the
new commands will not run unless
BASIC 10 has been installed. Also,
remember to have BASIC 10 in-
stalled when you type in new pro-
grams. If you enter a BASIC 10
program while you're in BASIC 2,0,
the BASIC 10 keywords will not be
tokenized properly.
There are a few fundamental
guidelines you should keep in mind
when wridng your own BASIC 10
programs. BASIC variables now
use the first ten characters instead
of the first two. A period and BASIC
keywords can be embedded in the
name.
10 BONUS.PTS - BONUS.TIME • 5
Keywords can be embedded in
variable names. As a result, you
must put a delimiter (a space, com-
ma, parenthesis, or equal sign) after
each BASIC command. The sample
below uses a variable named FORT;
BASIC 2,0 would interpret this as
FORT = 500,
10 FORT- 500
20 PRINT FORT/100
Array names are still recog-
nized by the first two characters.
They are referenced by square
brackets instead of by parentheses:
10 DIM DX[20]
BASIC 10 recognizes hexadeci-
mal numbers. Hex numbers can be
used virtually anywhere that deci-
mal numbers are used, with the ex-
ception that line numbers must still
be in decimal,
10 READ A%,B,CS
20 DATA SC,$D020,}0400
30 POKE B,A%:REM MAKE BORDER
GRAY
40 C"VAL(CS)
50 POKE C,$A0:REM POKE TO SCREEN
Function names can have peri-
ods and BASIC keywords included,
but a keyword by itself will be inter-
preted as a command. For example,
PRG. ENDING in line 30 below
works correctly, but if you change it
to PRG.END, you get a syntax error.
To define or invoke a function, you
do not need the FN prefix.
to DEF PEEK.WORD(ADR>-PEEK(A)
+ PEEK(A + ir256
20 PRG.START = PEEK.WORD(«)
30 PRG.ENDING = FEEK.WORD(4S)
Nodce the parentheses — arrays are
addressed with square brackets.
Syntax errors are elaborated
upon in BASIC lO's error messages.
There are now three types of syntax
errors:
rOPERAND MISSING OR INVALID
ERROR
7EXPECTING this FOUND that ERROR
7SYNTAX ERROR
This familiar message still shows up
when a delimiter (usually a colon) is
missing.
Super Loops i ' """i
One of the first lessons of structured
programming is that GOTO state-
ments are dangerous. Overuse of
GOTO can lead to spaghetti code —
a program that, with all its loops and
branches, can be difficult to follow.
BASIC 10 includes two loop com-
mands to replace most GOTOs. The
REPEAT/UNTIL loop always exe-
cutes at least once. It loops until the
test condition is true. This example
forces you to enter a name:
10 REPEAT
20 INPUT NAMES
30 UNTIL NAMESo""
BASIC 10 also supports WHILE/
WEND loops. The condition is
checked before you enter the loop.
The WHILE loop executes zero or
more times.
10 PRINT "SPACE TO CONTINUE"
20 WHILE KEYSo" " DO
30 GET KEY$
40 WEND
Better Flow
IF/THEN/ELSE and selective RE-
STORE are included for more con-
trol and flexibility. IF statements
may include an ELSE clause as long
as it appears in the same line. The
IPs can also be nested. Here's a
sample:
10 IF SCOREl>SCORE2 THEN
PRINT "PLAYER 1"
:ELSE IF SCOREKSCORE2 THEN
PRINT "PLAYER 2 WINS"
:ELSE PRINT "A TIE"
RESTORE can be followed by a line
number. Data is read from that line.
If no line number is given, it acts
like a normal RESTORE.
10 RESTORE 30;READ ArREM A = 50
20 DATA 35
30 DATA SO
Reading Joysticks Bas^-— 1
Use the jOY command to read joy-
stick direction, and use FIRE to read
the fire button. Both commands
need the port number, JOY returns
a number between 0 and 10 corre-
sponding to the chart below:
5 I 9
6 2 10
Fire returns — 1, for true, if the but-
ton is pressed, and returns 0 other-
wise. Here's a sample program that
reads the joystick and fire-button
status:
10 J-JOY(l):REM READ PORT 1
20 IF J-1 THEN PRINT "UP"
30 PRINT "PRESS PORT 2 FIRE"
40 WHILE FIRE(2)-0 DO
50 WEND
Strings and Screen
BASIC 10 has HOME to move the
cursor to the upper left comer and
CLS to clear the screen and home
the cursor. The LOCATE command
moves the cursor and uses the
syntax
LOCATE row, column
The top left comer is 0,0 and the
bottom right is 24,39,
10 CLS
20 LOCATE 12,17
30 ?"MIDDLE"
40 HOME
50 7"TOP"
The syntax for STRINGS is
STRlNCS(/,o
A string of length / is returned, con-
sisting of characters equal to the
ASCII value of c.
10 REM MAKE A BLANK STRING
'20 BLANKS = STRINGS(39,32)
30 REM PRINT WITH LEADING
ZEROES
40 N-96
SO PRINT STRINGS(5-LEN(STR$(N»,48)
60 PRINT MID$(STR$(SCORE),2)
The syntax for INSTR is
IN5TR(srcS,ssS)
This returns the position of the
substring {ss$) in the source string
{src$). If the substring is not found
in the source string, a 0 is returned.
10 NAMES = "FRALEIGH,JOHN"
20 COMMA = INSTR(NAME$,"/')
30 FIRST.NAME$ = MIDS(NAME
$,COMMA +1)
40 LAST.NAMES = LEFTSCNAME
S,COMMA.l)
See program listing on page 69. G
LOAD"BASIC 10"
RUN
POKE44,16!POKE4096,0;NEW
BASIC IQ Quick Beterence
■■■■ Installation
I Details I
Arrays use square brackets. Hexadecimal numbers are allowed. Include a space after
all BASIC tokens (especially FOR).
KHBBBBB^H Summary of New CommanHs^HHMBI^^H
REPEAT
comiiiaiids
UNTIL muiitwn
loop alwxys executes at least once, repeats until condition is true
WHILE condifioJi DO
commands
WEND
loop continues as lonf^ as condition is true
IF condition THEN command :ELSE command
only one command allowed after THEN
RESTORE line number
makes SMbse^uent READ commands get data starting at that line number
}Oy(porl number)
port number is 3 or 2, re I urns a number corresponding to direction joystick is pressed
FIRE(;wrt number)
port number is 1 or 2, returns — I if button is pressed, 0 if not
HOME
sends cursor to top left comer of screen
CLS
clears screen and homes cursor
LOCATE roil', column
moves cursor to row and column indicated; row ranges from 0 to 24, ami column ranges
from 0 to 33
STRlNGS((eii^(h, code)
returns string of indicated length, consisting of character given by ASCII code
INSTR(sowrcf string, substring)
ri<tun!S a number indicating where substring can be found in source string
COMPUrers Gazelle April 1989 47
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Fai rnulirr S4JI8
Film .Staker iAM
FraLlion k-ser ..... .S4.Ba
Colli Hltiird Race...S4.Ba
Karate Chop SfiJiB
learn the Al|>lialirl . . S4Ji9
learn to Spi'll S4.8fl
Learn to Alhl S4£B
Railroad Tytoon S4.8B
Raoth UM
Sturt Mj<Wnf S4BB
11!
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Cemitone Warrior . . .S9JI8
Queslron S9J1H
TtLAHUJM
VirH" Frinu"s in
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FYrrs stason; Case at
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Great Essapi- SfsJlB
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Basic 128 S39
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CJd fjk iJS
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ApulTtr 1^1: .Mis^Fuh
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Cant Slvirks - SI')
Fj>t Urrjk t1')
4lh K Initu's FtKltlull Sit
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Cuoslriiilinn Disk .$9M
Cratid Prk Cirtuii $11
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Mini Putt
Ptjwtr at Sea ....
Hatk 'Ern
S*rip & Voiles %n
TesI Oriie $11
The Trains Escape to
Normandv 519
TK.O, in
ACTION SOFT
Ihuniii-r CNdpper SO
LJp rcrisiopi-l $J9
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BkHk latk ^^rademy . .$2!!
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MiKhl i. Maui! $2.;
sliKtit i. .stapjit 2 .. . .C4ll
Music Sludio $33
Seuromancer $25
tKe^n Rjn;{4^r .$2S
Ftampa^f* .,,,,,,... .523
Sky Trarel %il
liiclMt Nlnla $23
Zak MrKrdiken $23
AMtKICAN EDUCATIONAL
Biology 512
Irafn to Ri'Jti (Cr M) 525
Science; Grades 3'4 . . . $T2
Science: Grides 5/li ... 512
ScieiKB: Grades ?«, ,,S12
us Gcvj;raphv $12
us Hislory $12
TOlfId GTOBrjphy .... $12
VViiild Flislury $12
ARrvVOBK
Bridge 5.0 $19
Cycle Kniglil SU
Daily DolIiIc
Florae Racing $14
Linkysord French Sib
Ltnkys'ord German . . . .$1fi
linkysord Russian $16
LJnkysord Spanish .... 516
Strip Pokfr $21
lljla Disk 'I Female . .$14
Ilala Disk ii2 Male .514
Djia Disk S3 rertiale..i14
AVALON HIU
NBA BaikelhjII $2?
Spitfrre '40 J13
Super Sunday 521
SBS Cpn. Mgr, Disk. . .$19
SBS 19117 Teant Disk . $14
IJniicf rirc- $2 J
ilATIERItS INCLUDED
PaFKTclip Publisher . . .S33
PafH-rilip I $31
HAUDVILLE
Ah J rd Maker Plus $23
Blaring Paddlet 523
Rjifly Day Games . . , ,519
Video V»!gas $19
BERKELEY 50FIWORKS
Gem 128 S44
GeoCalc 128 S44
GeoFile 128 544
CeoVt'rilr VUKishnp 12BS44
Gr(» fr4 (2.0) 5 W
•Desk Paik Plus S19
■Fool Pack Plus S19
•Gcd-Chacl $19
*CeO'Calt $33
■Ceo File 513
■Ceo-ProRraTTimer .... $44
•Gen-Publish $33
■Requires Cc^js &4!
BOX OFFICE
Calili>rnl4 Raisms. . . . ,$1b
Psycho $1b
BRODEHHDNIl
Arcade Game Const. KiESI*)
Sank SI. Wriler 511
Carmen Sandiejliii
Furope 52 j
USA $2i
WoM $21
Doyynhill Chaltcnue , . .514
Print Shop .$2ft
P.S. Companion 523
P.S. Graphics Library
■ I. "2, or «3 , , $1b Fa.
P.S. Graphics Library
Fialidav Eciitinn . . . .516
Toy Shop S19
BUEfUA VISTA
RoKer Rjt>bil $19
CAFCOM
airmif Ccimmandn. , , ,519
Ghosts & Ciiblins $19
Glmsmoke $19
Side Army $19
Speed Rumbler $19
CENTRAL POIMT
Cups 2 S21
CINtMAWARf
Del^'nder ol the CrDssnS23
Roc kcl Raoser $23
Sinbad; Ihrone at
Ihe Falcon . .» 521
Fhe Threr Sloogei 521
Warp $pe«d(RI 531
F.MS
General Accl. 128 . , .5119
Inventory 12B S49
DATA FAST
Breakthru 51')
Ccimmando 514
llari Warriors ... 519
Karnov *. . . 519
Wiloon S19
Speed llusBy 51'J
Ta^ Team Wcestling . . , $14
Victory Road $19
DATASOFT
Alternate Realily:
The Cily St9
The Dungeon $19
Battle Drold/ 519
Bismarck ,519
Cosmic Relid 519
Dark Lord . .514
Ghibal Commaniier. . $19
Hum fill Red Ocloher $21;
LarKeitil 521
Rubicon Alliance $14
Tobnik 521
Tomahaysk 521
Video Tide Shop syi'
Graphics Companini?S31
DAVIDSON
Aluehlaster 512
Malh Blasler 512
Siwli II 512
ttiird Allack 532
DISIGNVVARE
Body Traosparent 519
Desifinasaurus .521
Spelliccipter $19
DIGITAL SOLUTIONS
Pocket Flier 2 519
Pntkel Planner 2 S19
Pijclel Wriler 2 531
■Alt 3 in 1 Super Pack 539
DIGITEK
HoByyyood Poker 519
WV'stern Games .$19
FIFf TROMC ARTS
Anli. Pot $9.8IJ
Bard's Tale 1 or 2 .52h Fa.
Bard'y laV 1 r>r2 Minti59 Ea.
Bards Tale 1:
The Ihiel o( Fate . . .S2(>
Cayenian Ush-lympics .521
Chessmaster 2100 ,. . .i2(i
Chuck YaeBec's AFT. . .523
Demon Slalker $21
Double Dra^OEy 52)
DraKOo'y Lair . $19
Inslanl hVusi^ 521
Icinlan y-s. Bird 521
Modem Wars,. , SB
li^acy ol Antienii , . .521
Monopoly 52T
Penaiuy ill
Poyy^er Play Hockey , , .519
Risk $26
Roadysars $23
Rocfcford S21
Scrabble $23
Scruples. . . .^^ S23
Skyfoi 2 521
Skate or Die . .521
Slar Fleet I $26
Strike Fleel $21
The Mars Saga $23
VVasieland S2fr
EPYX
Battleship 519
Calitarnia Games , , . .524
C^^ale A Calendar . . . .519
Death Syyord 519
Destroyer ,$24
nive Bomber $14
Fast Load IR) 524
Final Assaull $14
4 (4 0(1 Road Racieji 514
Impossible ,Miysi[)n 2 , ,514
I ,A, Crac kcioss n 514
legend u( Blaiktilyer $24
Melrocroyy 516
Mindmll 524
Space Stalion Obliyion $14
siiort^ARoni Sib
Stn;»t Sports;
Baseball $14
Baskelball $14
Fiiolball $14
Soccer $14
Suh eallle Siniulalor . .$24
Summer Cjames S14
Summer Games 2 , , . .514
Techrsocop .$24
The Gamc^Sl
Summer Edition . . . ,524
Mnler Edilicm 524
Toyver Toppler $24
Winter Games $14
Wbrld Games $14
GAME STAR
Take Dossn $19
ISFOCOM
Bllllflech $2;
Sherlock: The Riddle o( the
Crosyn Jcy^els 523
/ork Iriloisy.,, 529
iSKWELl SYSTEMS
= 170 Deluic L,P. S49
= IB4C LiRht Pen 544
flt^yidras* 3.3 $23
Graphics Galleria vl .Sn
Graphics Calh-ria a 2, $19
Graphics Intrefiralnr 2 $19
INTRACORP
Bumper Stic ker Maker 531
Business Card Maker , .525
Button & Bail lie Maker 53]
LOGICAL DESIGN
Club Backy^ammon ...519
Vegas Craps S19
Vtgas Gambler $19
MELBOURNE KOUSE
Barbarian , . S19
lohn EInay's (ja $19
.MiCROLEAGUE
Baseball S2S
Bos Score Slals Sib
General .Manager 519
19B7 Team Data Disk $14
19HB Feam Data Disk 514
WWF Wrcsllins S19
WWF Superslsri Vn\. 1 $14
WWF Superstars \tj|. 2 514
.SyiCROPROSE
Airbcjrne Ranger 523
F-13 Strike Eagit $23
Curyship., $23
Pirates $25
Project Stealth fighter $23
ded Sturm Rising 52.S
Siletlt Seryice $23
MINDSCAFF
720 Skateboarding , $23
Alien Syndrome $23
Bad Street Brassier . . ,519
BIcKkbuster 519
Captain Bkwd S2J
Cluljfiouse Sporls. , , , ,519
Color Me: The Computer
Coloring Kit $23
Crossys'ord Magic $19
■Deeper Dungeons . . , 516
De la Vu 521
Gauntlet 521
Harrier Combat $im, , .$19
India lya looes & The
Temple ot Doom . . . $23
IntJoor Sporls .$19
Inlillralor 2 $19
Into the Eagle's \«^l , , $19
loker Poker $19
MISl Soccer 523
Oul Run 523
Paperboy 521
PcTtect Score SAT , $44
Poyycr Plilyen (oyslitk .5)9
Road Raider 519
Ro4c( Runner 523
Supc'r Slar
tee Hockey $23
Super Star Soccer . . . .521
■Requires Gauntlet!
MISC
Bob's Term Pro 529
Bob's Term Pro 128,,, 539
tJoodle $23
Final CartrldKe 3 547
Font Master 2 523
Fnnt Master 128 529
Superbasr 64 523
Su|»rhasr 12fl 513
Su[H'rscript 64 ,523
Superscript 128 523
Super Snapshot (Rl , . .547
ORIGIN
Autoduel $23
Mofhius 523
Titryes of Lone $23
Ullioia 1 nr 3 ... .$2,3 ta.
Ulllnia 4 ur 5 , . , , 51'l Fa.
UlliiTia 5 Hint Book , , .$9
PHOFISSIONAL
fleet System 2 Plus . . $33
Fleet Sytlem 4 t2B . , , 541
RAINBIRP
Sayage S19
SIMON A SCHUSTFR
)K Lisser Money ,Mgr, .514
Typing Totor 4, , , , . . ,$2,3
SIR TFCH
Deep Space , S23
Wirardry Series:
Kniiiht ol DiarryoiKts . $2S
Preys ins Ground . . . , $2'i
SPRINGBOARD
Certificate ,S1aker , , , ,$)4
CM, library Vol, 1 $9.88
Neys'SriNOm. SI 4
N.R.Art«1,2,or359,88Ea,
SSI
Demon's Winter S21
Eternal Dayiner 526
Gellyvburg S39
Heroes lyj the Lance. .Call
Pander Sirike! $29
Phanlasie I, 2 or 3S2b Ea.
Pool u( Ratllance , , , ,526
Typhoon of steel . . . .SJ2
War Came Coosl. Sc>t,S21
Wacship. $39
SUBLOGIC
Flight Simutaloc 2 $32
F.S. Scenery Disks ...Call
Jel S26
Stealth Mission 532
TAITO
Arkanoid ,S19
Alcon .$19
Bubble Bohhir 521
Operalion VVolt 421
Rasian 521
Renegade S2 1
Sky Shark $23
THREE SIXTY
Dark Ca!tlc . . , , . $23
Warlock Call
FIMEWORKS
Data Manager 2 S14
Data Manaurr 128 ,533
Eyelyn WihhI Header ,S14
I'arlni'r 64 (R) $25
Partner 128 tHI 531
Ssyihcak'Sideyyays . . .519
Syyiftcak Sideyyjss 1285J3
Word Writer 1 S23
Word Writer I2B $33
UMCOHN
Decimal Dungeon. . . .S19
Fraction Aclion $19
Percentage Paoic , , , .$19
Rate C,yr Rithnselic . . $19
Ten Little Robots , . , ,519
UNISON WORID
Art Gallery I or 2 516 Ea,
Arl Gallery: Fanlasy ..Sib
Print Masler Plus $23
WfFKIY READER
Slickybear Series:
ABC's $23
Math 1 nr 2 521 Ea.
Number* S23
Opposilfi S23
Reading $23
Spellgrabber $29
Typing , $29
ACCFSSORItS
Animation Station $49
Boous 55, DD , , $4.99 Bi.
Bonus DS, DO . 53,99 Hs,
CompuServe Slarter KilS19
Conlriser Mouse 533
Disk (Case (Holds 75)$6.Ka
Disk Drive Cleaner , 56.38
Epyi 5UU Xj joyslick. ,514
Iconlroller , , , $14
WkoBjit Handle ,517
Wico Boss 512
Witu Ergcrstick |.S. . .519
XfTfC SujH-r Graphis ,539
SriTC Sum Gr.xihii Cotl5*9
Ml EC Super Cr.iphis lr.S39
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with ihe sanu' merchandivi- only. Olher rvlurniH viibjeil lo A 20% rr^tockinit ^.harKe? After SO djys from your purthisr date, pFea^c refer lo ihr warranty Indu^UiJ wilh Ihe proiifuit purchased
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MODEM OWNIRS: Voir
SPR
Wthe
28
Peter M. L. Lottrup
Few programs take advantage of
the 128's special capabilities. One
of these — and a major advantage
over the 64 — is designated areas for
sprite and other graphics data. As a
result, many BASIC 7,0 programs,
although replete with graphics, re-
quire no memor>' reconfiguration.
Indeed, it was this feature of the
128 that led to the development of
"Sprite Fader."
Sprite Fader is a machine lan-
guage utility that uses sprites to dis-
play a text string. It takes a given
text string, converts it to a series of
sprites, and then slowly fades it in
at a specified location, a pixel at a
time. Since your text is now in
sprite form, you can easily create
banner effects — scrolling messages
across the screen — by using BASIC
7,0's built-in commands. With
Sprite Fader at work, your programs
will take on a professional look.
Typing It In
sprite Fader (Program 1) is written
entirely in machine language. To
enter it, use the 128 version of
"MLX," the machine language en-
try program found elsewhere in this
issue. When MLX prompts you, re-
spond with the values given below.
Starting dddrcss: 1300
Ending address: 15DF
Before you exit MLX, save a copy of
the program to disk with the file-
name FADER. ML.
Program 2 is a demo that
shows you how to use Sprite Fader
from within your BASIC programs.
so COMPUTErs Gazette April 1989
Liven up your text
display withi ttiis utility
for the Commodore
1 28. A disk drive is
required.
To prevent typing errors, use "The
Automatic Proofreader" when you
enter this program.
Materializing a String
Using Sprite Fader is a two-step
process. First, you must call a rou-
tine that designates where the text
string will be located on the screen.
Then, you call a second routine that
identifies the string you wish to dis-
play. Both routines are called with
the SYS command.
To position the text string, use
a command of this format:
SYS 486i,row,coturnn,size
Row and column represent the coor-
dinates for the top left corner of the
display. Sprite Fader uses the
standard BASIC 7.0 sprite-coordi-
nate system. With this system, the
visible portion of the sprite screen
includes locations 24-344 on the x-
axis and 50-249 on the i/-axis. But
here, row and cohunn are limited to
the range 0-255.
The final parameter, sizt', is the
expansion factor for the text (0-3).
A value of 0 leaves text unchanged.
A value of 1 makes the characters
twice their normal height, A value
of 2 makes them twice as wide. And
a value of 3 doubles both their
height and width.
In addition to the size of the
text, you can also alter its color.
Quite' simply, the color displayed
corresponds to the current text
color. This must be set prior to exe-
cuting the above SYS. Set the text
color as you normally would: with
PRINT {by simultaneously pressing
CONTROL or Commodore and a
number 1-8), with POKE (by stor-
ing the color value 0-15 into the
register at 241), or with the COLOR
statement (COLOR 5,n — where fi is
the color value 1-16).
The second call, which assigns
the text string, is
SYS iS67,„„strinK variable
String variable is any text string that
is between 1 and 24 characters in
length. Values outside this range
will cause an ILLEGAL QUANTITY
error.
Note that you must pass the
text string to the roudne in the form
of a string variable (like A$), not a
literal string (like "HELLO"). Also,
be sure you've included all five
commas before string variable.
After you've executed this last
SYS command, the routine creates
the fade effect, building the text
pixel by pixel. To fade text out, just
overwrite it with new text. Or, you
can define sfn>i^ variable as " " (a
single space in quotation marks)
and repeat the second SYS call.
Both approaches are demonstrated
in Program 2.
See program listings on page 68. G
If you've done much BASIC pro-
gramming, you've undoubtedly
run into a situation where you
needed to know the differences be-
tween two versions of the same
program. Maybe you needed to
know what changes were made to a
program or which version of a pro-
gram was the most recent. Whatever
the situation, a BASIC comparison
utility is a useful addition to any
programmer's collection. "Compar-
ator" scans two BASIC programs
and lists all lines that have been
added, deleted, or changed. You
can send its output to either the
screen or the printer. ^
Getting Started
Since Comparator is written in ma-
chine language, you need to enter it
using "MLX," the machine lan-
guage entry program found else-
where in this issue. When you run
MLX, you're asked for the starting
and ending addresses of the data
you're entering. The MLX prompts,
and the values you should type in,
are as follows:
Starling address: COOO
Ending address: C3A7
Follow the MLX instructions
carefully and be sure to save a copy
of Comparator before you exit MLX.
Comparator compares two
BASIC programs, one in memory,
the other on disk. To use the pro-
gram, first load Comparator. Then
load one of the two programs to be
compared. Next, place into the disk
drive the disk containing the other
program. Start the comparison by
typing SYS 49152. Comparator first
asks for the name of the program in
memory, then asks for the name of
the program on disk. Finally, it asks
whether you want the listing to be
printed to the screen or the printer.
Enter either S {screen) or P (printer).
There are two possible types of
differences between program files.
One program may contain a line
that the other does not, or both may
contain a line with the same line
number but different commands.
Comparator prints a simple re-
port detailing the differences be-
tween the two programs. It prints
the name of the program before
each line that is different. When one
program contains a line that the oth-
er does not. Comparator prints only
that line. When both programs con-
tain the same line number but the
line is different, it prints both lines.
Armed with a Comparator list-
ing, you'll be able to see the quanti-
ty and character of the differences
between two programs.
Find the differences
between two BASIC
programs quicldy
and easily. For the
Commodore 64
with disl( drive.
Comparator and the 128 H ■
Comparator can also be used to
compare 128 BASIC programs, but
the resulting listings may contain
some garbage. The garbage appears
because the program trips over the
keywords that are available in the
128's BASIC 7.0 but not in the 64's
BASIC 2.0.
If you wish to compare 128
BASIC programs with Comparator,
run it from 64 mode and follow the
instructions for comparing 64
programs.
See program listing on page 67, G
COMPUTED Gazette April 1969 51
mSf
Now Get Inside Your Commodore with
COMPUm's Gazette Disk.
) ®0 S
S0B0Q!3^0®0
SEEQSBQQE
^is
^i
III liiliil
Now there's a way to get all the exciting, fun-fl!led programs of
COMPUnrs Gazefte-already on disk-with COMPUTEl's
Gazette Bisk.
Subscribe today, and month after month you'll get a new, fully-
tested 5V4-inch floppy disk guaranteed to run on your Commodore
64, or Commodore 128 personal computer.
COMPUTEl's Gazette Bisk brings you all the latest, most chal-
lenging, most fascinating programs published in the corresponding
issue of computer's Gazette. So instead of spending hours typing
in each program, now all you do is insert the disk ... and your
programs load in seconds.
RESULT: You have hours more time to enjoy all those great
programs which appear in CBMPUJEi's fiazeffe— programs tike
SpeedScript 128, Arcade Volleyball, 3-D Sprites, Sketch Pad, Sound
Manager, 1541 Speed and Alignment Tester, and hundreds more.
So don't waste another moment. Subscribe today to COMPUTEVs
Gazette fl/s/ratthis money-saving price. Take a full year's
subscription for just $69.95. You save 55% off the single issue
price. Subscribe for two years and save even more! Return the
enclosed card now.
Individual issues of the Dfsk are available for $12.95 (plus
$2.00 shipping and iiandling) by writing us at P.O. Box 5188
Greensboro, N.C. 27403.
^UPER
/lCCELEFl\TOR
128
Increase the speed of
your 128 by 20
percent with this
amazing
Philip Landman
With "Super Accelerator," you can
speed up all operations of your
Commodore 128 by as much as 20
percent. This short (135-byte) ma-
chine language routine is especially
useful while you're using 40-
column screens.
Super Accelerator works with
any program, BASIC or ML, that
doesn't use locations 4864-4999
and that leaves the interrupt at 788
intact. Unlike some accelerator pro-
grams. Super Accelerator doesn't in-
terfere with the 128's built-in clocks.
Betting Started
Super Accelerator, Program 1, is a
BASIC loader. To prevent typing
mistakes, be sure to use "The Auto-
matic Proofreader/' found else-
where in this issue, when entering
the program.
Once you've finished typing,
save a copy of the program and
type RUN, Super Accelerator is
POKEd into memory and activated.
Super Accelerator isn't disabled
by RUN/STOP-RESTORE. If you
wish to disable the program, type
SYS 4978. To reenable the program,
type SYS 4864. These SYS com-
mands can be used from within your
programs or in direct mode.
When Super Accelerator is ac-
tivated, the FAST command
doesn't work. Also, split-screen
graphics mode cannot be used in
conjunction with the program. You
can use Super Accelerator while in
80-column mode, but since the 80-
column mode isn't blanked by
FAST mode, using the FAST com-
mand is a better alternative.
To test the speed increase ob-
tained with Super Accelerator, type
in Program 2, "Super Accelerator
Demo." Program 2 records the
times necessary to draw some cir-
cles on the screen with and without
Super Accelerator activated; then it
displays the times and the difference.
Super Accelerator works by
putting the 128 in SLOW mode
when it's drawing the screen and in
FAST mode when it's doing any-
thing else. Super Accelerator doesn't
double or nearly double the com-
puter's speed (as FAST mode does)
because the 128 spends approxi-
mately 60 percent of its time updat-
ing the screen. It spends the other 40
percent processing other infor-
mation. Super Accelerator reduces
the time needed to execute this 40
percent by switching into FAST
mode. Theoretically, then, a 20-per-
cent increase in speed is achieved.
See program listings on page 70. G
COMPUTE! s GezBtle April 19B9 S3
-.^Vt.:,>-rt;>,V!ViV«»K*^'nW«,:f-^:"^sr.»'.«ti'i?*.'»f^^
'1%
Odometer
Buck Childress
Keep an eye on the valuable space left oit each and every one
of your disks. For the 64.
Save, load, and verify operations
are notoriously slow on the 1541
disk drive. If you've ever wondered
what your disk drive was up to dur-
ing these interminable operations,
you'll take "Odometer" to heart.
Odometer's job is to report to
you whenever you make a save,
load, or verify. When you save a
program, Odometer first shows you
the length (in disk blocks) of your
program and the number of blocks
free on your disk. As the operation
progresses, you'll see the number of
blocks left to be saved and the num-
ber of blocks remaining on the disk.
When you load or verify a program,
Odometer shows you the length of
the file that you are loading or veri-
fying. As the operation takes place,
you're shown the number of blocks
that have been loaded.
54 COMPUTEfs Gazette Apfil 1909
Typing It In
Odometer is written in machine
language. Type it in with "MLX,"
the machine language entry pro-
gram found elsewhere in this issue.
When MLX prompts you for the
starting and ending addresses, re-
spond with the values given below.
starting address: CB2(J
Ending address: CEC7
Carefully type in the data for
Odometer. Be sure to save the pro-
gram to disk before you exit MLX.
To use Odometer, load the
program with a statement of the
form LOAD"ODOMETER",8,l.
Type NEW. Now type SYS 52000
to activate the program. Every save,
load, and verify will be monitored
by Odometer. Odometer works on
a 64 {or a 128 in 64 mode) with
either the 1541 or 1571 drive. To
deactivate the program, simply
type the same command you used
to activate it— SYS 52000.
Odometer disables fast loaders
and other devices that need the vec-
tors Odometer uses. When you de-
activate the program, the vectors
are restored.
Once in a while, Odometer
may say that one more block was
saved, loaded, or verified than the
directory shows. That's because of
a quirk in Commodore's DOS. If
the disk operation ends and the
DOS pointers are pushed into the
next track, the program takes up
one more block than is shown.
Don't worry about the difference —
it's inconsequential.
Odometer also has a drive-
status checker. If the drive light
blinks, press the at key {@) and
then press RETURN. The drive's
status is displayed.
See program listing on page 67. 6
Do you have a question or a prob-
lem? Have you discovered some-
thing that could help other
Commodore users? We want to
hear from you, Write to Gazette
Feedback, COMPUTE !'s Gazette,
P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, North
Carolina 27403. We regret that,
due to the volume of mail received,
ive cannot respond individually to
programming questions.
Boll Harrdlcapper
I've written a short BASIC program
for the 64 that calculates golf handi-
caps and would like to share it with
your readers.
Robert McGowan
Goleta, CA
Thanks for sending us this program. It
so happens that recently we've had a
number of requests for a golf-handicap
calculator. Apparently, with spring
upon us, many readers are back on the
links.
We've listed the program with
checksums so it can be typed in with
"The Automatic Proofreader."
PJ 10 DIM S(20) ,L(12) !CB = 68:PR
INT"(CLR}G0LF HftHDICAP C
ALCULATOR"
MJ 23 INPUT" (DOWN)ENTER PLAYER
'S HAHE";PNS:IF PNS="" T
HEN PRINT"(2 UP)";:G0T02
Q
FS=LEFTS (PNS, 12) +" -DAT"
OPEN 2,8,2,FS:0PEN15,e,l
5:INPUT#15,AS,BS:CLOSEl5
IF aS="62" THEN CL0SE2:G
OStJB340:GOTO100
CLOSE2:0PEM 2,8,2,F$!VM-
20.1
FOR 1 = 1 TO 20!INPUT»2,S (
I) : IF S (r)<0 THEN VM-I: I
= 20
CD 8C NEXT I:CL0SE2:IF VM=20.1
THEN VM=20:FOR I =0 TO 1
9:S(I) =S (I+l) :NEXT
HJ 90 INPUT" (DOWN) ENTER NEW SC
ORE";S(VH) :IF VM<20 THEN
S(VM+1) =-1
GK 190 Q=l:L(l)=S(l) :QM=ll5lF
{SPACElVM<QM THEN QM=VM
QH
30
HK
4 0
MG
50
MG
60
EQ
70
HG
220
JR
230
CP
240
DR
250
PA 260
RH 110 FOR Ia2 TO VM
MF 120 FOR J=l TO Q
GS 133 IF S(I)<L(J) THEN FOR K
=Q TO J STEP-l!L(K+l)=L
[K) :NEXT:t,(J)=S(I) :J=Q+
10
FJ 140 NEXT J:Q=Q+1:IF Q>QM TH
EN Q=C}M
MG 150 IF J<:«Q THEN L(0)=S(I)
Kfi 160 NEXT I
RS 170 IF VM»20 THEN PRINT"
{DOWNlTHE LAST TWENTY S
CORES: ":GOTO190
AK 180 PRINT" 1DOWH}"VM"ECORES!
II
DB 190 F0RI=1 TO VM:PRINTS(I);
"{LEFT}"! :IF 1=10 THEN
(SPACElPRINT
BM 200 NEXT: PRINT
JR 210 T=0: PRINT" {DOWN} LOW SCO
RES USED IN COMPUTATION
IF VM<5 THEN PRINT"5 OR
MORE SCORES NEEDED FOR
HANDICAP. ": GOTO 28 0
IF VM<17 THEN Ml=i+(VM-
5)/2
IF VM>16 THEN M*=VH-10
FOR 1=1 TO M%: PRINT L(l
)"tLEFT)";:T=T+L(I)-CR:
NEXT:T=T/M%*10:H-INT (T*
.096+. 5)
PRINT SPRINT" {DOWN} HAND I
CAP:"; : IFHOTHENPRINT"
(SPACE }+";
PRINT ABS{H)
PRINT" (DOWNjSAVE TO DIS
K (Y/N) 7"!GOSUB460
IF R=0 THEH333
OPEN 15,8, 15:PRINTn5,"
S0:";FS:CLOSE1S
OPEN 2,8,1,FS
FOR 1=1 TO VM:PRINT#2,S
(I) : NEXT: PRINT* Z,-1:CL0
SE2
END
PRINT'MDOWN) {RVS}A NEW
[SPACElPLAYER"
PRINT"ENTER "PN$"'S LAS
T TWENTY SCORES"
PRINT" (down} IF YOU DON'
T HAVE 20, ENTER -1 AFT
ER{4 SPACES)LAST SCORE"
FOR V=l TO 20: INPUT S (V
)
VH=V:IF S(V)=-1 THEN VH
=V-l:V»20
NEXT
PRINT" {CLR)"PN$"'S LAST
"VM"SCORES:"
FOR 1=1 TO VM: PRINT "#"
I "(2 SPACES}SCORE"S(I) :
NEXT
PRINT"ARE THESE SCORES
f SPACE}OKAY (Y/N) ?":GOS
UB460
IF R THEN RETORK
INPUT"ENTER # OF BAD SC
XR
270
AC
280
RK
290
AC
300
FK
310
AS
320
DM
330
EF
340
XF
350
SC
360
KB
370
MB
380
BM
393
ES
400
AJ
410
EB
420
XJ
430
DE
440
ORE";N:IF N<1 OR N>VM T
HEN PR1NT"{UP}"; ;G0TO44
0
DG 450 PRINT"CORRECT #"fN;:INP
UT S (N) :GOTO400
SA 460 GETA$:IF A5="Y" THEN R=
1; RETURN
HX 470 IF AS="N" THEN R=0:RETU
RN
RE 480 GOT0463
This program computes a golfer's
handicap by a method of differentials.
First, it takes the lowest ten scores of
the player's last 20 rounds and deter-
mines the difference between each
score and the course rating (its par
value) as defined in line 10 by vari-
able CR. Then, it totals these ten dif-
ferentials, averages them, and
converts the result to a handicap
based on 96 percent of the average.
To use the program, you'll need
to supply it with at least 5 golf scores.
The first time you run it, enter your
most recent 20 scores. If you don't
have 20, enter the ones you have, and
enter —1 as your final score.
With fewer than 20 scores, the
program calculates the handicap dif-
ferently. For example, if you enter 5 or
6 scores, the program uses only the
differential from the lozvest score. En-
ter 7 or 8 scores, and differentials
from the lowest 2 scores are used; en-
ter 9 or 10 scores, and the lowest 3 are
used; and so on. This pattern contin-
ues until there are 17 or more scores.
At this point, the program subtracts
10 from the number of scores and uses
this as the basis for the handicap cal-
culation, (So, with 17 scores, differen-
tials from the lowest 7 are used.)
The program maintains a sepa-
rate data file on disk for each golfer's
scores. You can easily spot these files
in the directory; the first 12 charac-
ters of a player's name are used along
with the extension .DAT. Because of
this, it's important that you always
use the same name when referring to
a particular player.
When yau run the program, it
reads in a player's data file and up-
dates it loith the latest golf score. If
COMPUTEI's Gazelle April 1989 55
two rounds of golf have been played
since the last update, run the program
twice to enter each score. Once the
number of scores exceeds 20, the pro-
gram discards the first score in a play-
er's file.
If you play on different courses,
you may need to change the course
rating, in line W. Since the program
has jw provision for keeping track of
scores from courses with different rat-
ings, you may want to use a separate
program disk for each course.
Some Ctarlflcatlons
I just noticed an item in "Simple
Answers to Common Questions" in
the August 1988 issue of Gazette
which needs clarification.
The outer plastic case on the
1541 disk drive has nothing to do
with the radio frequency {RF)
shielding. The shielding is accom-
plished by the perforated metal
cover over the circuit board and by
the metal chassis.
The outer cover does serve a
definite purpose, though. It keeps
prying fingers, dust, dirt, and other
potentially harmful objects out of
the works! If you are sure that no
foreign objects will get into the
1541, leaving the top off is an effec-
tive way to keep the drive cooler.
A second item that needs at-
tention concerns a remark I've seen
in several computer magazines
which goes something like this:
"Before you touch a MOS or CMOS
integrated circuit (IC or chip), you
should touch a metal object to dis-
charge any static on the body," This
advice is worthless unless the metal
object you touch is securely
grounded. Touching a metal object
that's not grounded may actually
cause you to pick up a static charge.
The safest practice is to use a
grounded wrist strap. A good low-
cost wrist strap for occasional use is
available from Radio Shack.
Robert J. Nedreski
Erie, PA
You're right on both points. Thanks
for the helpful comments,
An Alarmlne SituaUon
I'm trying to write an alarm clock
program in BASIC on the 64. My
problem is that while the program
is running, I can't do anything else
without stopping the clock. Can
you show me a way to put this pro-
se COMPUTErs Gazelle April 19S9
gram in memory so I can continue
programming while waiting for the
alarm to go off?
David Crow
McAlester, OK
The best approach to this task is to
"wedge" an alarm-clock routine into
the 64's normal interrupt handler. By
programming this routine in machine
language (ML), you'll get the alarm
clock to run in the background, leav-
ing the current BASIC program un-
disturbed.
Fortunately for us, the 64 is
equipped zvith a built-in alarm func-
tion that we can utilize in our pro-
gram. In fact, there are two such
alarms^one for each time-of-day
(TOD) clock. To use one of these, loe
must set the clock and the alarm time,
just as you ivould on any alarm clock.
When the clock time matches the
alarm time, the TOD clock triggers an
interrupt.
In this case, we'll use the second
TOD clock, which causes an NMl in-
terrupt when the alarm goes off. To
set up the routine, we point the nor-
mal NMl interrupt vector to our
alarm routine, set the clock and alarm
times, and then wait for an NMl in-
terrupt to occur.
NMl interrupts can originate
from two sources on the 64 — from the
RESTORE key or from the second CIA
chip. If CIA #2 causes the interrupt,
we examine a bit in the interrupt con-
trol register at location 56589 to de-
termine whether the TOD alarm
caused the interrupt. If so, we pro-
duce a lone sound using the SID chip.
Below is (1 BASIC loader that
POKES the tnachine language for our
alann-clock routine into memory. The
ML for this routine was taken from
COMPUTE! Books' Machine Lan-
guage Roudnes for the Commodore
64 and 128. You can find the source
code for this routine under the entry
ALARM2.
KG
FR
10
29
CD 3a
BG 4 3
GX 50
BH
GB
BF
60
70
80
REM DIGITAL ALARM CLOCK
FORI='49152T0492a3:READA:
X=X+ A: POKE I, A: NEXT I : REM
(SPACE) POKE ALARM ML ROU
TINE
IFX<>15756THENPRINT"DATA
STATBMENT ERROR.": STOP
AS="CLaCK":C=4 9 28B:GOSUB
2e0:AS="ftLARM":C=49294:G
OSUB280:REM GET TIMES
SYS49152:END:REH SET ALA
RM
DATA 169,42,141,24,3,169
DATA 192,141,25,3,173,15
DATA 221,9,128,141,15,22
ED 90 DATA 160,9,32,102,192,17
3
CQ 100 DATA 15,221,41,127,141,
15
RQ 110 DATA 221,160,4,32,102,1
92
XK 120 DATA 169,132,141,13,221
,96
BG 130 DATA 173,13,221,41,4,24
0
RD 140 DATA 50,169,4,141,13,22
1
RJ 150 DATA 32,115,192,169,13,
141
CX 160 DATA 24,212,169,0,141,5
HA 170 DATA 212,169,240,141,6,
212
ED 180 DATA 169,4,141,1,212,16
9
CA 190 DATA 33,141,4,212,32,15
9
FX 200 DATA 255,165,199,240,24
9,32
KS 210 DATA 115,192,32,126,192
,169
HD 220 DATA 0,133,190,76,71,25
4
SJ 230 DATA 162,3,135,132,192,
157
DH 240 DATA 8,221,200,202,16,2
46
AS 250 DATA 96,169,0,160,24,15
3
DP 260 DATA 0,212,136,16,250,9
6
RS 270 DATA 120,32,138,255,88,
96
PH 280 PRINT'MCLRlFOR THE "AS"
TIME:"
EG 290 PRINT:INPUT"WHAT IS THE
H0UR";H$:H=VfiL(H5) :IFH
<aORH>12THEN290
RJ 300 F=a:rNPUT"AM OR PM";FS:
IFLF,FTS(FS,1) »"P"THENF =
128
EB 310 HN«0: IFH>9THEHHK=16
SB 320 HH=VAL(RIGHTS{HS,1) ) :Hb
F+HH+HH:P0KEC+3,H
AE 330 INPUT"WHAT IS THE MINUT
E";MS:M=VAL(MS) :IFM<0OR
M>59THEN330
BK 340 MN=0:IFM>9THENMN=16*VAL
(LEFTS (MS,1) )
HX 350 MM=VAL(RIGHT$(MS,1) ) !M=
MN+MM:P0KEC+1,M
FA 360 INPUT "WHAT IS THE SBCON
D";S$:S=VAL[SS) :IFS<0OR
S>59THEN360
HG 370 SN=0:IFS>9THEHSN=16*VAL
(LEFTS(S$,1) )
KR 380 SS=VAL(RIGHTS(S$,1) ) :S=
SN+SS:P0KBC+2,S:P0KEC+3
,0:REH SECS, TENTHS OF
(SPACE)SECS
PX 390 RETURN
To activate the alarm-clock rou-
tine, enter the program and type
RUN. After the machine language has
been POKEd into memory, the pro-
gram prompts you for the clock and
alarm times. Once you've entered
these, the clock starts and the alarm
routine activates. As long as you
leave the NMl vector at location 792
intact, you can go about programming
as you normally would. When the
alarm sounds, just press any key to
turn off the tone.
64 Screen Saver
Can you provide me with a pro-
gram to save the screen to disk on
the Commodore 64?
Ron Jentz
West Seneca, NY
Jn saving text screens to disk, you'll
zvarU to save color memory Gocatiotis
55296-56319) along with text (loca-
tions 1024-2023). The following
BASIC loader places a machine lan-
guage (ML) program at location 828
that saves text and color memory as
separate disk files:
Dft 10 FORI=828T098a:READA:POKE
I ,A5X = X+A:NEXT: IFX0 213 2
0THENPRINT"DfiTA ERROR.":
STOP
KB 20 SYS82B
MX 30 DATA 120,169,78,141,20,3
,169,3,141,21
RR 40 DATA 3,169,0,141,219,3,8
9,96,173,219
DS 50 DATA 3,240,3,76,49,234,1
65,233,201,4
FF 60 DATA 208,124,173,141,2,2
01,2,208,117,141
XO 70 DATA 219,3,165,157,141,2
20,3,169,0,133
HA 86 DATft 157,162,1,134,285,1
66,207,208,252,169
KR 90 DATA 1,133,204,173,0,221
,73,3,133,252
XP 100 DATA 173,24,208,41,240,
102,252,106,102,252
BJ 110 DATA 106,133,252,169,0,
133,251,169,1,162
KG 120 DATA 8,160,0,32,186,255
,173,167,2,162
GS 130 DATA 168,160,2,32,189,2
55,152,232,24,165
CA 140 DATA 252,105,3,168,169,
251,32,216,255,162
KM 150 DATA 0,134,251,160,216,
132,252,173,184,2
GB 160 DATA 162,185,160,2,32,1
89,255,169,251,162
QS 170 DATA 232,160,219,32,216
,255,169,0,141,219
EF 180 DATA 3,173,220,3,133,15
7,76,49,234,0,0
To install the screen saver in memory,
just type RUN.
Before you save a screen, you
need to specify names for the two files
that will contain text and color mem-
ory. The ML routine above looks for
these filenames, along with their
lengths, beginning at locations 679
and 696, respectively. To position the
chosen filenames into memory, use
the two-liner below:
10 TS="TEXT":S=679!GOSUB20:T5=
"COLOR":S=6 96:GOSUB20:EN
D
20 L=LEN{TS) :P0KES,L:F0RI=1T0L
:POKES+I,ASC (MIPS (TS, 1,1
) ) : NEXT: RETURN
// you'd prefer filenames other than
TEXT and COLOR, substitute tJicm
into line 10 before you run this
program.
Next, create your text screen.
Use any keys you wish. To change the
character colors, use the CTRL or
Commodore keys in combination with
the number keys 1-8.
When you've completed your
screen and are ready to save it, simpli/
hold down the Commodore key and
press fl. The routine at 828, called
during each IRQ interrupt, checks for
this particular sequence of keypresses.
If the sequence is found, the routine
locates the text screen in memory and
saves it along with color memory by
the filenames you've assigned. If you
wish to save the text screen more than
once to the same disk, be sure to rerun
the above two-liner using two new
filenames. Othenvise, you'll get a disk
error as you attempt to overwrite the
previously saved files.
To reload a screen file without
disturbing the resulting display, run
the following short program. Again,
be sure to specify the filenames that
represent your text and color-memory
files.
10 IFA=0THENA=1:POKES326S,PEEK
(5326S)ftND239:REM BLANK
{SPACE) SCREEN
20 lFA=lTHENA-2:L0AD"TEXT",e,l
30 IFA=2THEHA=3:LOAD"COLOR",8,
1
40 P0KE53265,PEEK(53265)GR16;R
EM TURN ON SCREEN
50 GOTO50
60 REM CONTINUE BASIC PROGRAM
Commodore disk loads are typi-
cally sluggish. This is no more appar-
ent'than when you're loading screens.
So here, rather than forcing the user
to watch the screen slowly piece to-
gether, we blank the video display
prior to the load (Ujic 10). Afterward,
ive turn the screen back on (line 40)
and put the program in an endless
loop (line 50). This prevents the cus-
tom screen from scrolling or being al-
tered by BASIC'S READY prompt.
You may be wondering if there's
a practical use for this last routine.
One comes to mind: If you place the
routine at the beginning of a program,
you can load and display a custom ti-
tle screen that you've previously cre-
ated. This can be done with very little
effort. Just replace line 50 with a de-
lay loop (for example, 50 FOR 1 = 1
TO 3000:NEXT 1), and continue your
program from there. G
ADVERTISEMENT
notes
#6A
-^ Exploring Stealth Mission
Several man -years went into developing Stealth
Mission for the Commodore 64/128 computers.
The program incorporates many new design
conccpss. Target-hit detection, for example^ Is
emhcdded within the Stealth Mission scenery
structure Itself. This lots the software designer
easily assign a ditfercnl score value to each
potential target including negative scores for
destioying targets that should be avoided
(hospitals, for example). Programmable scoring Is
just one unique feature of this third-generation
flight simulator.
-ft Stealth Mission Reviews
While we don't like to brag, we certainly can (argue
with Stealth Mission reviews like these. Ahoy
magaiine (7/88) writes that this simulator "pushes
the C64/12B envelope beyond the blue horiion, to
a whole new level of animation and frame rates.,,
absolutely incredible." Stealth Mission "... sets new
standards at the top of the C64 flight simulator
heap," according to Info (5-6/88), Commodo^
(2/69) calls Stealth Mission's combination of
strategy and action "tnjly superior to others. Only a
flight simulation this good could come from
SubLOClC" Stealth Mission, winner of the 198B
Consumer Electronics Show "Best Sti'ategy Game"
Software Showcase Award What more can we say?
Top Selling Commodore 64/128
Products This Month:
1. Right Simulator II ($49.95)
^.Stealth Mission <$49.9S)
3. Jet (S39.95)
4."Westem European Tour" Sceneiy Disk
(S24.95)
S.San Francisco Scenery Disk (Sa4.95)
6, Scenery Disk # 3 - O.S. South PaclHc
(S19.9S)
7, Scenery Disk # 7 - U.S. Eastern Seaboard
(S24.95)>
B-Scenciy Disk # 4 - U.S. Nortfi West
(SI 9.95)
See >'Our dealer to purchase SubLOCIC products,
or call us dirert to order by charge card at (BOO)
637-4983. Illinois residents call (217) 359-8482.
SubLOOlC Corporation
50) Kenyon Road
Champaign, IL 61820
Special Through April 281
$5.00 Off Stealth Mission
COMPUTEVs Gazette April 1989 57
COMPUTE!
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Sieoo eecn. Tivs cuckcalons is avoilaM omy as a
ma^azine/cisk combinaEions. Vie foUcwing issues
ara NOT available: PC Utgmzlna: 9/87, 1 1/S7.
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Shipping and handling rndudsd.
NO CREDIT-CARD ORDERS ACCEPTED.
Payment must be in U.S. doiars tif check drawn on
U.S. bank.
13
kpwalM
• The final version of line 130 un-
der the heading "Reformatting
Disks" in the December 1988
"Feedback" column has a minor
problem that may cause a disk drive
error. Line 130 sends the disk name
and disk ID together as if they were
one string. For example, if
C$ = "BLANK" and D$ = "89", the
disk drive receives NO:BLANK89. If
you're trying to format a disk that
has been formatted before, this line
works without causing an error but
doesn't reformat the disk. It erases
the disk and gives it the name
BLANK89; the disk ID doesn't
change. If the disk you're trying to
format has never been formatted,
this line causes an error.
To correct this problem,
change line 130 as follows:
130 PRINT#15,"N0:"C$","D$
If the example above is used vt^ith
the new line 130, the disk drive re-
ceives N0;BLANK,89. Now, the disk
will always be formatted correctly.
• In the August 1988 "Bug-Swatter,"
we published a correction for
"Speed File for the 64" (April 1988),
This correction fixed two bugs — one
in the print routine and one causing
some characters to be invisible on
older 64s. Originally, we had a sepa-
rate correction for each of these
problems. In that column, we com-
bined the two corrections into one.
The problem is that the two solu-
tions don't work together.
To get Speed File to print cor-
rectly, load the program with a line
like IX>AD" filename", 8. Then en-
ter the following commands in di-
rect mode:
POKE7669,169:FOKE7670,0:POKE7671,
168:POKE7672,32
POKE7673,189:POKE7674,255:POKE767S,
169:POKE7676,4
Once you've entered the POKEs,
save Speed File to a new file with a
new name. Use a command similar
to SAVE"/j7eMflme",8. This new
version of Speed File prints
correctly.
To get Speed File to display
characters correctly on older 64s,
use the following patch program:
SP 10 T=828:X=0
CD 20 READ A: IF A<0 THEN40
QB 30 X = X + A:POKF, T ,fl :T = T + 1 : GOT
020
KD 40 IF X019631 THENPRINT"ER
ROR IN DATA": STOP
Ks 50 fs="speedfile:":rem if VO
U USED A DIFFERENT NAME,
SUBSTITUTE IT HERE
HG S0 T=LEN{F5) :P0KE 972, T
HA 7H FOR 1=1 TO T
DM 80 POKE 972+I,ASC(MIDS{FS,I
,1))
SR 90 NEXT:SYS828
EB 100 DftTA169,l,162,a,160
DC 110 DATA0, 32, 136,255, 173
SX 120 DATA204, 3,162, 205, 160
ER 130 DATA3, 32, 139,255, 169
QE 140 DftTA0,166,43,164,44
SP 150 DATA32,213,255,134,45
DR 160 DATA132,46,32,51,165
GE 170 DATA169,8,133,252,169
OA 180 DATAl, 133, 251, 169,0
JQ 190 DATA133,253,170,168,177
JE 200 DATA251,221,201,3,240
GM 210 DATA19,200,208,246,165
HH 220 OATA252, 24, 105, 1,133
BH 230 DATA252,133,254,201,35
PQ 240 DATA2g8,233,76,13,8
EE 250 DATA232,224,3,20a,232
CB 260 DATA162, 0,169, 153, 145
DB 270 DATA2S3,169,3,14S,251
KA 280 DATA76,116,3,201,147
MS 290 DATA240, 6, 201, 19,240
BR 300 DATA2, 208, 35, 141,204
SH 310 DATA3, 152,72, 173, 204
GX 320 DATA3,32,210,255,169
GX 330 DATA0, 163, 153, 0,216
FF 340 DATA153, 0,217, 153,0
FC 350 DATA2ia,153,232,218,136
DR 360 DATA20S, 241, 104, 168,173
PH 370 DATA204,3,96,76,210
QF 380 DATA255, 32,210,255,-1
To use the patch program, simply
load it and type RUN. It loads Speed
File, makes the corrections, and runs
the program. Each time you use
Speed File, load and run the patch
program, and Speed File will auto-
matically load and run correctly.
If you entered the correction
from the August 1988 column, sim-
ply change lines 90 and 100 in the
correction from that issue as follows:
90 NEXT
100 SYSS2S 6
58 COMPUTBl's Gazette April 1989
The following list includes updated entries to our annual "Guide to
Commodore User Groups," which last appeared in the May and June 1988
issues.
Send typed additions, corrections, and deletions for this list to
Commodore 64/128 User Group Update
COMPUTEI's Gazette
P.O. Box 5406
Greensboro, NC 27403
When writing to a user group for information, please remember to en-
close a self-addressed envelope with postage that is appropriate for the
country to which you're writing.
User Group Notes
The Greater Omaha Commodore Users Group (P.O. Box 241155, Omaha,
Nebraska 68124) has added a bulletin board service. The phone number is
(402) 455-6400.
The listing for the Sanlee Commodore Club in the January issue con-
tained an incorrect zip code. The correct address is 514 Colonial Drive,
Sanford, North Carolina 27505.
The Central Texas Computer Users Group has a new address. All corre-
spondence should be sent to 902 Cariisle, Killeen, Texas 76541-7321.
The Wisconsin Association of Vic/C= Enthusiasts (WAVE) has also
moved. Its new address is 1020 Kurtis Drive, Elm Grove, Wisconsin 53122,
Nbw Listings
nORIDA
Culftoiil M'i Commodate Uieia Group, P,0.
Bon 11 180. Clrawatcr, FL 34616
(;i oiu;iA
Commodore Format User's Group, P.O. Box
91541, EjBt Point. GA 30364
M.\SS.\CIIUSHTTS
Fall River Commodore's Club, 117 Lewin St.. Fall
River. MA 02720
The Daylon Arci Commodore Uieis Group
jDACUC), 1117 Lavern Ave., Kettering, OH
45429
PliNNSYI.VANIA
Harrisbui^ Area Computer Groups 721 S. 29lh
St.. Harrisburg, PA 17111
Ti-NNi;ssr[-
Dungeons and Dragons User Croup, Rt, 1, Box
:8A, Cumberland City, TN 37050
ATTENTION AMIGA
USER GROUPS!
COMPUTE! Publications is interested
in compiling a list of Amiga user
groups for our new magazine, COM-
PUTE.''s Amiga Resource. If your group
supports Amiga computers, please
send the group's name and address
and the name of the group contact
person to
Amiga User Croups
COMPUTEl's Amiga Resource
P.O. Box 5i06
Greensboro, jVC 27403
6
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THE
nrmpiimm |iaj)R
April fools
Randy Thompson
Feeling devious?
In the spirit of this issue's cover
date, I've prepared a collection of
programs that are best described as
practical jokes. If you have the op-
portunity, run one of these mischie-
vous hacks on your friend's or co-
worker's computer; then walk
away and act innocent. These are
also great programs to run at home,
at school, or at a user group meet-
ing before someone sits down to
use the computer.
Most of these programs were
thoroughly tested on unsuspecting
technical editors here at COM-
PUTE!, so I can safely say that they
work. Don't worry; These practical
joke programs can't harm your
computer — just your reputation.
Noise Bomb
"Noise Bomb" is a 64 program that
pretends it isn't running when it ac-
tually is. To the uninformed, the
computer looks as if you have just
turned it on.
To give Noise Bomb a try, type
in and save the following code.
Turn up the volume on your moni-
tor as high as you can without cre-
ating any distracting humming
noises, and then load and run the
program. Now, wait until someone
tries to use the computer. The mo-
ment a key is hit . . . BRAAAAHP!
... the noise bomb drops,
13 POKE 792,193:POKE 808,239:P
OKE 780,11S:POKE 7e2,228:SY
S 43806
20 PRINT "38911 BASIC BYTES FR
EE"!PRINT!PRINT "READY."
30 POKE 204,9
•10 GET K$:IF KS""" THEN 40
50 POKE 54296, ISiPOKE 54296,0:
GOTO 50
To stop Noise Bomb, you must
turn off the computer or use a reset
button. Hitting keys such as RUN/
STOP-RESTORE only changes the
pitch of the sound. (This is not what
you'd call a user-friendly program.)
60 COMPUTED Gazens Apfil 1989
Cursor-Key Swap
When is up down and left right?
When you run the following pro-
gram on the 64:
10 FOR 1 = 49960 TO 491-51:POKE I
,PEEK(I) ;X=I+163B4:POKE x,P
EF,K{X) :NEXT
2n POKE 60291, 157:POKE 60296,1
45:P0KE 60356 , 29 : POKE 50361
,17
30 POKE 1,PEEK[1) AND 253
By copying BASIC ROM to
RAM and then modifying the 64's
keyboard lookup table, this short
program makes the cursor-down
key move the cursor up, the cursor-
up key move the cursor down, the
cursor-left key move the cursor
right, and the cursor-right key
move the cursor left — overall, a
confusing situation.
Topsy-Turvy
This little program makes the 64's
characters appear upside down. It
takes a while to run, so be patient.
10 POKE 56334, 0:POKE 1,51
20 FOR 1 = 0 TO 2fT48:J = I-(I AND
{SPACE}?) *2 :POKE 12295+J,PE
EK(53248+I) :NEXT I
30 POKE l,55:POKE 56334, 1:P0KE
53272,29
Note that you can't just stand
on your head to read what's on the
screen. Because letters are still en-
tered left to right, you must view
the monitor upside down and with
a mirror.
1571 Upgrade
Oops. The program designed to de-
tect whether your 1571 has old
ROMs ("Programmer's Page," Feb-
ruary 1989) does not work. This
short routine checks the drive's
DOS version number, but this
number is the same for all 1571
ROMs, old and new. Only the
128D's internal disk drive returns
an updated DOS number of 3.1.
To find the official method of
detecting whether your 1571 re-
quires a ROM upgrade, I called
Commodore's technical support
line. Unfortunately, the technical
support staff refused to give mc any
information that I might print.
Strange policy, no? I suppose they
prefer that you call them yourself.
Anyway, the number to call is (215)
436-4200.
On a reader's recommendation,
I called Century Computer in La Ha-
bra, California. Its technical staff
was able to supply me with the in-
formation I required. According to
them, there are five versions of
ROM for the 1571, and the only true
way to see which ROM your 1571
uses is to open it up and look at the
number listed on the chip itself. It's
best to have an authorized techni-
cian open your drive, since doing so
yourself voids your warranty.
If you're determined to open
the drive yourself, you'll find the
ROM chip hidden under the disk
drive's power supply. This chip is
near the back of the unit and con-
tains the number 310654. If you
have the most up-to-date ROM,
this number is followed by -05 (ear-
lier versions are numbered 01-04).
Terminally Odil
Manny Israel of Murreta, Califor-
nia, found a mistake in the "Odd or
Even?" tip published in the January
1989 "Programmer's Page," This
tip describes an easy way to test
whether a number is odd or even.
The problem is not in the tech-
nique, but in the example program,
which refuses to identify any num-
ber as even. The corrected program
line reads:
10 IF (X AND 1)^0 THEN PRINT X
;"IS AN EVEN NUMBER."
The original program lacked
parentheses. Without parentheses,
the comparison IF 1=0 is tested
before the AND operator kicks in, so
PRINT X;"IS AN EVEN NUMBER"
is never executed because 1 never
equals 0— not even in April. E
The E)iolym Program
Larry Cotton
Last month, in order to further en-
hance our understanding of BASIC,
we began writing a metric conver-
sion program. This month, we'll
finish this converter. (If you were
able to complete the program on
your own, compare your version to
the one presented here.)
Since last month, our program
has undergone several changes.
These changes have been made pri-
marily for two reasons: to show how
a program evolves, and to make the
program easier to understand.
The Menu
Now let's look at the program. The
first few lines are the same;
10 PRINTCHRS(5):REM WHITE
CHARACTERS
20 POKE53281,0:REM BLACK SCREEN
(USE POKE65301,0 ON THE PLUS/4
OR COMMODORE 16)
30 X-16:DIMC(X),IS{X),M${X)
40 FORN = lTOX:READC(Ny,IS(N),M$(N):
NEXT
50 PRINTCHRS(147):REM CLEAR
SCREEN
We decided the program
would convert English measure-
ments to metric and vice versa. This
requires that we double the number
of options and, consequently, our
menu size. One way to do this is to
split the menu into two columns so
it fits nicely onto one screen.
But what if you didn't have
enough space on a single screen for
this enhanced menu? First, you
could offer the user a simple menu
with two options: English to metric,
and metric to English, Then, de-
pending on the choice, you'd dis-
play oniy the appropriate con-
versions on a second menu screen.
Fortunately for us, all the op-
tions fit on one screen. And lines
60-210 become
60 PRINT"(1) IN TO KM (17) KM TO IN
70 PRINT"(2) IN TO M (18) M TO IN
80 PRINT"(3) IN TO CM (19) CM TO IN
90 PRtNT"(4) IN TO MM (20) MM TO
IN
100 PRINT"(S) FT TO KM (21) KM TO
FT
110 PRINT"(6) FT TO M (22) M TO FT
120 PRINT"(7) FT TO CM (23) CM TO
FT
130 PRINT"(8) FT TO MM (24) MM TO
FT
140 PRINT"(9) YD TO KM (2S) KM TO
YD
ISO PRINT"(10) YD TO M (26) M TO YD
160 PRINT'dl) YD TO CM (27) CM TO
YD
170 PRINT"(12) YD TO MM (28) MM TO
YD
180 PRINT"(13) MI TO KM (29) KM TO
MI
190 PRINT"(14) MI TO M (30) M TO MI
200 PRINT"(15) MI TO CM (31) CM TO
MI
210 PRINT"(I6) MI TO MM (32) MM TO
MI
while line 220 remains unchanged:
220 INPUT"(DOWN]WHICH NUMBER";
N
Remember; N is the menu-
option number. It will be used later
as an index to our arrays. As I men-
tioned, we need to accommodate
twice as many options. So, line 230
becomes
230 IFN<10RN>32THEN50
Line 240 has evolved into its
fourth incarnation since we started
writing the program. It now sends
program control to line 280, which
handles menu options 17-32, the
metric-to-English conversions.
Since these are somewhat more
complicated, we'll tackle them later.
240 IFN>16THEN280
English to Metric
Line 250 begins the English-to-
metric conversions, which are sim-
pler to understand:
250 PR!NT:PRINT"QUANTITY OF "
IS(N);
Let's say the user wants to con-
vert 7 inches to centimeters. He or
she has chosen menu-option num-
ber 3 in line 220, so N is 3. Since N
is not greater than 16, control
passes to line 250. Line 250 prints a
blank line and the words QUANTI-
TY OF, followed by a space.
Recall that line 40 reads in two
sets of string arrays: I$(l)-I$(16), or
the abbreviations for English sys-
tem units, and MS(1)-MS(16), rep-
resenting metric system units. We
now use the number N to index
these arrays.
After QUANTITY OF has
printed, the computer looks up
I$(3), finds IN (for inches), and
prints it. Note carefully the semico-
lon just after 1${N}. Next, line 260
accepts the user's input and calcu-
lates the answer;
260 INPUTQ:A-Q*C(N)
Because of the semicolon, the
prompt {including INPUT'S ques-
tion mark) prints neatly on a single
line like this;
QUANTITY OF IN?
Q is always the number of
units to convert, whether they're
English or metric. In our example,
Q is 7 and N is 3, When we read the
data in line 40, the first item in each
group is a multiplicadon constant
for converting English units to met-
ric. In this case, C{3) is 2.54. When
C(3) is multiplied by Q, or 7, the an-
swer (A) is 17.78.
"The next line prints this answer:
270 PRINT:PR1NTQ;IS(N)" -"A;
M$(N);END
First a blank line prints, then the
value of Q. If a semicolon weren't
used here, the computer would at-
tempt to look up the value of QI$( ),
which doesn't exist. Be very careful
with semicolon placement.
The last paris of the PRINT
statement are an equal sign fol-
lowed by the answer A and M${3),
or "CM." Thus, the printed answer
line becomes
7 IN = 17.78 CM
Metric to English
That's the easy part! The conver-
sion from metric to English is a tittle
COMPUTEIs Gszem April 1989 61
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62 COMPUTEFs Gazelle April 1989
.\fe
tougher. The last three program
lines, which parallel lines 250-270,
handle this:
280 PRINT;PRtNT"QUANTITY OF "
M$(N-X);
290 1NPUTQ:A-QM/(C(N~X))
300 PR1NT:PR1NTQ;M$(N-X)" -"A;
IS(N-X);END
In these lines, we calculate the
index to our arrays. This is a very
important, useful concept in BASIC
programming. Arrays are often ac-
cessed indirectly — that is, from cal-
culations rather than from exact
numbers.
Again recall that in line 40, we
read in 16 groups of data. The first
item in each group is a constant,
C(). Thus, C(l) is .0000254 and
C(16} is 160934.4. (See the DATA
statements below.) For the first 16
English-to-metric conversions,
these constants are used as is. But
for metric-to-English conversions
(N = a number in the range 17-
32), we need their inverses.
An inverse of a number is the
number divided into 1. The inverse
of 2 is 1/2 or .5; the inverse of 2.54
is about .3937. By using inverses,
we can neatly generate the other 16
constants we need to handle the
metric- to-English conversions.
Thus, when N is 1 or 17, C(l) is
the conversion constant. The same
relationship exists for the remain-
ing constants. (When N is 2 or 18,
the conversion constant is C(2), and
so on.) To determine the appropri-
ate conversion factor, all we need to
do is subtract 16 from N whenever
N exceeds 16.
In line 30, we defined the vari-
able X as 16. Lines 280-300 subtract
X, or 16, from N to index the arrays.
Now, let's consider an ex-
ample. Suppose the user wants to
convert 10 centimeters to inches. N
will be equal to 19 from line 220. In
this case, line 240 sends the pro-
gram ahead to line 280, Here's
what occurs in line 280:
1. The cursor moves down one line.
2. QUANTITY OF prints.
3. X is subtracted from N to give 3.
4. The value of M$(3), or CM, prints.
Line 290 waits for the user to
input Q. At this point, the computer
screen reads
QUANTITY OF CM?
The user enters 10. The com-
puter performs the following:
1. Calculates N— X again to give 3.
2, Finds the value of C(N -X) to tjc 2.54.
3. Divides 1 by 2.54 to get approximately
,3937.
4. Multiplies 10 {the value of Q) by .3937
to yield 3.937.
Thus, the value of A is 3.937.
Line 300
1. Prints a blank line.
2. Prints Q as 10.
3. Calculates N-X again.
4. Prints CM again.
5. Prints an equal sign,
6. Prints the value of A as 3.937.
7. Calculates N-X again.
8. Prints the value of l$(3), or IN.
9. Ends the program.
The computer screen now reads
10 CM - 3.937 IN
To finish up, let's renumber
our DATA statements in sequence:
310 DATA.0000254,IN,KM,.0254,IN,M,
2.54,1N,CM,2S.4,IN,MM
320 DATA.0O03048,FT,KM,.O3O48,FT,M,
30.48,FT,CM,304.8,FT,MM
330DATA.0009144,YD,KM,.9144,YD,M,
91.44,YD,CM,914.4,YD,MM
340DATA1.609344,MI,KM,160.9344,MI,M,
16O93.44,MI,CM,160934.4,MI,MM
Testing
Now, try a few conversions. An
easy way to test your program is to
convert from one unit to the other
and back again with the same
measurement.
For instance, run the program
and pick option 4 to convert inches
to millimeters. At the prompt, type
in 1 and press RETURN. The equiv-
alent number of millimeters (25,4)
is displayed and the program ends.
Now, run the program again
and select option 20 (millimeters to
inches). At the prompt, enter 25.4
and the answer, 1 (inch), should ap-
pear. If it doesn't, go back and
check your typing carefully, espe-
cially the DATA statements.
Next month we'll analyze why
some of our answers aren't what
they appear to be. G
COMPUTErs Gazette is looking for
utilities, games, applications,
educational programs, and tutorial
articles. If you've created 3 pro-
gram that you think other readers
might enjoy or find useful, send it,
on tape or disk, to: Submissions
Reviewer, COMPUTE! Publications,
P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC
27403. Please enclose an SASE if
you wish to have the materials
returned. Articles are reviewed
within four weeks of submission.
Diadiie laHpHie
pgcfflniig
Visible DMslon
Jim Butterflsld
Division can be performed in a
number of ways. Repeated subtrac-
tion is the simplest method and is
easy to write. But the most efficient
technique is true binary addition —
and it's not hard to understand if
you visualize it.
On early computers, division
by binary addition was done from
hardware. The programmer knew
how the division worked by the set-
up the system required. Further-
more, if you couid get computer
time (which was rare, especially for
such a "frivolous" activity), you
could even single-step the hard-
ware through this process.
An Overview
To see this technique in action, let's
step through an example. We'll di-
vide 235 (the dividend) by 10 (the
divisor). Remember, this takes place
in binary; the bits do the job. Deci-
mal 235 is binary 11101011. We
would more commonly write this
number as hexadecimal $EB (E for
1110; B for 1011). But this time, let's
use binary so we can track the bits
and see exactly what's happening,
Now for the visual side. We
place the dividend in memory (it's a
one-byte, or eight-bit, number) and
attach, at its high-order end, a value
of 0. This zero, called the remainder,
has as many bytes as the divisor.
(Sometimes, you need more than
one zero byte here.) In this case,
that's one byte, since the divisor,
10, is a one-byte number. Here's
how it looks:
first shift, we have:
Qoooooao iiiotoii
remainder
dividend
Let's shift the whole thing left
by one bit. An ASL followed by an
ROL instruction does the job. We'll
come back here and repeat the shift
operation until every bit of the divi-
dend has been moved. After the
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
I
0
1
1
0
You can see how part of the
dividend has moved into the re-
mainder area. Go back and repeat
the shift. Watch to see if the re-
mainder becomes equal to 10 (our
divisor) or more. This happens after
three more shifts:
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
The remainder is now over 10
(it's 14, to be exact). In this case,
subtract 10 from the remainder and
set the low-order bit of the dividend
to 1:
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
Keep going. Note that the bit
we set at the bottom moves up
along with everything else. Two
more shifts, and the remainder ex-
ceeds 10 again:
a
0
0
1
0
0
'
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
set:
Repeat the subtraction and bit-
0
0
0
0
1
°
0
0
1
1
0
0
°
1
0.
1
shift:
It all happens again on the next
0
0
0
1
7
0
0
I
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
a
0
0
1
Vi
1
1
0
0
0
1
iSl
1
1
One last shift, one last subtrac-
tion, and all eight bits from the divi-
dend have been processed:
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
:
1
0
0
0
[£j
1
0
1
ii
1
We're finished. The memory
that originally he!d the dividend
now holds the quotient. The quo-
tient, in this example, works out to
23. And the remainder is 5,
Putting It All Together
Let's see. We divided 235 by 10 and
got a quotient of 23 and a remain-
der of 5. We did it by looping eight
times, once for each bit of the origi-
nal dividend. That's fast and easy.
Store the dividend (235) and
the divisor (10) in locations $2081
(decimal 8321) and $2082 (decimal
8322), respectively. Then, enter the
code below from a monitor:
2000
2002
LDA #$00
STA $2080
2005 LDX #$00
2007
200A
200D
2010
2013
2015
2018
201B
201E
2020
2023
2024
2026
2028
ASL S20SI
ROL $2080
LDA $2080
CMP $2082
BCC
SBC
STA
LDA
ORA
STA
INX
CPX
BCC
BRK
$2023
$2082
$2080
$2031
#$01
$2081
#$08
$2007
(put 0 in remainder
area)
(counter for shift
loop)
(do the "long' shiftj
(is remainder. . . )
( . . . equal to/greater
than divisor?)
(no, skip next bit)
(subtract divisor)
(put one bit ... )
( . . . into bottom . . . )
( ... of dividend)
(count loop)
(reached maximum?)
(no, do it again)
(STOP ... or other
instruction)
Execute the routine. At this
point, you could examine the con-
tents of $2080 and $2081 and con-
firm that they contain the correct
values for remainder and quotient.
You might like to experiment to see
what happens in unusual situa-
tions, such as division by 0,
I made a brief reference above
to the occasional need for an extra
remainder byte, one more than the
number of bytes in the divisor. For
example, when dividing by a one-
byte number, when would we need
to provide two zero bytes at the
high end? A little thought turns up
the answer: You need the extra byte
when the high bit of the divisor is
set. Thus, if we were dividing by 128
or greater, we'd make extra room. 6
COMPUTEfs GaiettB April t989 63
km
A Bit of Historv
Rhett Attdersan
Here at COMPUTErs Gazette, we
still get letters addressed to people
who no longer work here. Although
many letters come to Richard
Mansfield, Todd Heimarck, Kevin
Mykytyn, and Tom Halfliill, by far
the greatest number conie to
Charles Brannon, COMPUTEl's
long-time program editor, who
wrote SpeedScript, "Sprite Magic,'"
"UltraFont," and many other pro-
grams and articles.
Since so many people still
write to Charles, i thought 1 might
take some time to take a look at the
history of this column, which
Charles pioneered.
ExplorinB the 64
The first issue of Gazette arrived in
July 1983. There was no Horizons
in that issue. Instead, there was a
popular column written by Larry
Isaacs called 64 Explorer, You
might think it strange that the name
of the 64 was in the title, but re-
member that at that time the Com-
modore VIC-20 was at least as
popular as the 64. A similar col-
umn, VlCreations, covered the
goings-on in the VIC world. Al-
though the machines shared many
attributes, the hardware was differ-
ent enough so that most programs
could not be run on both systems.
This set the stage for a rivalry be-
tween the two machines.
In October 1983 (Vol. 1, No. 4),
64 Explorer moved to Gazette's sis-
ter magazine, COMPUTE!. This
move was made to allow Larry
Isaacs to cover topics which were
even more technical than those he
had covered in Gazette. To take its
place, Horizons: 64 was created.
The new column was pretty much
free-ranging. One month it might
have offered a technical discussion
of how the 64's video output
worked. The next month it might
64 COMPUTE'S Gazetle April 1989
have carried minireviews of soft-
ware. After that, maybe some pro-
gramming tricks or hints.
In July 1984, Horizons: 64 be-
came the more aesthetically pleas-
ing Horizons 64 on the cover of
Gazette and in the table of contents,
although the head of the column it-
self remained the same. (Oddly,
October 1984 saw the return of the
title Horizons: 64.)
Goodbye VIC, Hello 126
The la.st VlCreations appeared in
December 1984. The following is-
sue. Horizons: 64 became Horizons.
The column became even more
wide-ranging in its new incarnation.
In fact, the January Horizons cov-
ered the VIC, Plus/4, Commodore
16, and Commodore 64. Charles
said goodbye to the VIC and hello to
the ill-fated P!us/4 and 16.
Horizons typically filled from
two to five pages of Gazette in 1985.
Increasingly, Charles used Horizons
as a place to talk about the latest
hardware for the 64. He covered
digitizers, voice synthesizers, and
other hardware.
Charles missed a column in
August 1985 (he was engrossed in a
SpeedScript modification). In Sep-
tember, he wrote about the 128 for
the first time. In October, Horizons
went down to one page— visually,
it was very similar to the column
you're reading now. The content
still alternated between discussions
of programming and close looks at
new hardware.
In March and April 1986, there
was no Horizons. Charles began
writing the AmigaView column in
COMPUTE!. Charles wrote his final
Horizons in May. Assistant editor
Todd Heimarck took over in June
1986 and kept the column even
after becoming assistant editor of
COMPUTE!'s now-defunct /Iffln ST
Disk & Magazine. Charles left COM-
PUTE! in July, just a few weeks
before I started working here.
Besides his work on Horizons,
Todd also remained responsible for
Feedback until he left COMPUTE!,
Technical editor Patrick Parrish
currently has the honor of compil-
ing and editing Feedback, Gazette's
most popular column.
Computer Journalism
When Todd took over Horizons, it
changed. Todd, well-versed in the
technical details of the 64 and 128,
covered the technical details of the
machines in the column, but he ap-
proached Horizons from a new an-
gle. Little by little, it became a home
for essays about Commodore
computers.
Todd's last Horizons column
was published in July 1988. When
Todd left, there was the expected
minor battle over who would take
over the column. Would it be me, or
would it be Randy Thompson? In
the interest of harmony, I suggested
that we transform Hints & Tips into
a programming column for Randy,
Randy wanted to call the new col-
umn Voodoo, but cooler heads pre-
vailed (actually, editor Lance Elko's
cooler head), and The Program-
mer's Page was born.
To keep The Programmer's
Page and Horizons from duplicat-
ing each other, I pledged to write
essays of general interest and leave
the programming to Randy,
Randy likes to point out that in
reader surveys. The Programmer's
Page shows a slight edge in popu-
larity over Horizons. It seems I won
the battle, but lost the war.
Where Are They Now?
Charies Brannon left COMPUTE!
for a programming design job at
Epyx. He is currently working for
his family's business, writing ac-
counting soft^vare. Todd Heimarck
left for a job at Microsoft. He writes
and edits software manuals, G
jTivRmoiK
What's to Say About Comnmers?
Fred O'lgnazlo
1 was brushing my teeth this morn-
ing, looking in the mirror and won-
dering how many times I had stuck
a toothbrush in my mouth since I
was a kid. As I scrubbed, I was kind
of analyzing why I was so good
about remembering to brush my
teeth each day. Maybe it was be-
cause my mother dragged me into
the bathroom every morning and
night when habits get "wired in."
Then I decided: The real rea-
son I brush my teeth is because my
mouth tastes so good when I'm done.
This thought made me wonder
why I do a lot of things. Why do 1
eat? Why do 1 risk my life jogging
on Michigan's snow-covered roads?
Why do I write this column each
month? On the surface, it's easy to
answer those questions. I eat to stay
alive, 1 run to keep my blood pres-
sure down, and 1 do my work be-
cause 1 have to pay for diaper bills
next month when my new baby
blows into town.
Labor of Love
Underneath these lovely rational
reasons is a truer, more honest an-
swer: I do these things just for the
joy of doing them, 1 don't do them
for some payoff down the road. I do
them because they give me plea-
sure right at this moment.
The same is true for comput-
ing. I spend 90 percent of my time
trying to justify computers — to my-
self and other people — in terms of
their practicality. But 1 am not a
practical man. {Just ask my father.) I
wouldn't touch computers if the
only thing they did was get my life
more organized or help me pay my
bills on time. What draws me to
them is their charm, their charisma,
their . . . lovableness.
Sure 1 use computers to do
work. Don't you? Doesn't every-
body who uses a computer at all?
But it's not the work that brings me
back. There is something indescrib-
ably delicious about the way it feels
to work with computers. That's the
hook. And whatever it is, it grabs
me again and again.
No More Explanations
I was home over the holidays with
my folks in Pennsylvania. We al-
ways go home and stay with my
wife's family for a week and with
my family for a week. While we're
there, we catch seven different
kinds of flu, we stay up talking all
night until we're completely run
down, and we spend every waking
moment stuffing our faces. All in
all, it's a fabulous time.
This year, just as he does every
year, my dad asked me how I was
doing in my career in computers.
Years ago, when I was young and
chipper, I used to sit down with
Dad and earnestly describe my lat-
est projects. But now I don't even
try, because Dad already knows
what i do: I work with computers.
And, to Dad, computers are com-
puters. Computers send you your
monthly credit card bills. Comput-
ers book your flights to CanciJm,
Nassau, and Newark. Dad knows
what computers look like because
he watches TV. They're grayish
sorts of machines with cathode ray
tubes which display symbols of the
Greek alphabet. They have whirl-
ing tape drives and printers which
spew out accountants' ledgers and
Reader's Digest sweepstake ads. So
why should 1 spend time telling
Dad about what 1 did this year?
What's to say about computers?
And yet I want to say some-
thing. I want to tell my dad that my
computers are not the same as his
computers. 1 want to tell him how
they've changed during the last ten
years. There are now two kinds of
computers in the world — the big
guys and the little guys. The big
guys are much as my father has
imagined. But the little guys?
Just think. Dad, you know that
giant computer you picture in your
mind? It has shrunk to where it can
fit on top of my desk. And it's ten
times as fast as you think it is. And
it has made my house different
from your house, my life different
from yours. It's changing the way I
write, the way my children learn,
the way my family plays, and the
way we think of informadon, cul-
ture, and knowledge. It's a personal
computer, not a data processing de-
vice; it's a roadway into a new
world of electronic possibilities,
Dad, I know you picture me
each day, working like a computer
technician in pinstripes, writing
programs and carrying around reels
of tape and punch cards. But that
was me ten years ago. These days
I'm wearing slippers, sipping tea as
I sit at my desk in corduroys, flan-
nel shirt, and suspenders.
You see me working alone, a
solitary hermit. But thanks to my
computer, I feel like I'm in Grand
Central Station. I have my com-
puter plugged into my phone, and I
send and receive notes from family,
friends, and business associates at
all hours, day or night, I shop, read
news, and buy airplane tickets — all
while I sit at my computer. I play
games long-distance with people
I've never met, 1 can fax complete
documents into anyone's office,
complete with my letterhead and
graphics. My son sits at my com-
puter and "plays" classical music.
My daughter travels around the
world chasing a thief named Car-
men. The computer is our bulletin
board, typewriter, game machine,
and piano. It's our telephone, post
office, and travel bureau,
I want to tell my dad all these
things. But usually 1 just smile kind
of Mona Lisa-style and say, "You
know computers. Dad. What's to
say about computers?" G
COMPUTE'S GazBtre April 1989 65
THE
psjnhim
File Convener
Jim Tubbs
GEOS programmers can easily
convert their files to GEOS format
using this time-saving utility.
"File Converter" takes a standard
Commodore file and attaches the
header block and directory infor-
mation that GEOS requires.
Unless you own Berkeley Soft-
works' geoProgrammer, the only way
you can create a GEOS file is to use a
conversion program such as Gazette's
"GeoConverter," And, as any GEOS
programmer knows, porting a simple
application from assembly language
to GEOS without geoAssembler is a
time-consuming process.
You must assemble your
source code to disk, load and run
the conversion program, boot
GEOS, and then test your program.
If it crashes (as mine often does),
then you must reload your assem-
bler, reassemble your program, re-
boot the conversion program, reboot
GEOS . . . well, you get the idea.
Using "File Converter," you can
convert non-GEOS files to GEOS
format simply by double-clicking the
File Converter icon and answering a
few simple questions — all from
vdthin the GEOS environment.
Typing It In
Like all true GEOS applications.
File Converter is written in machine
language. Type it in with "MLX,"
the machine language entry pro-
gram found elsewhere in this issue.
(Commodore 128 owners must use
64 mode when typing in this pro-
gram.) When MLX prompts you, re-
spond with the values given below.
Starting address: 1S03
Ending addiess: 1F9A
Type in the data for Program 1 .
After you've finished typing, save
two copies to a GEOS work disk —
one with the name CONVERTER
.ML and the other with the name
66 COMPUTErs GaiettB April 1989
FILE CONVERTER. One of these
files will be converted with Geo-
Converter; the other will remain in
MLX format.
Now type in Program 2, "Geo-
Converter." {Again, 128 owners
must use 64 mode.) Use "The Auto-
matic Proofreader," found else-
where in this issue, when you enter
this program. GeoConverter is used
to make File Converter into a GEOS
file (you can't use File Converter to
convert itself). Save a copy of Geo-
Converter to your GEOS work disk.
Now, run Program 2. You'll be
prompted for a filename. Type FILE
CONVERTER. GeoConverter con-
verts your file into a GEOS file.
Conversion Time
To activate File Converter, boot
GEOS and double-click the pro-
gram's icon. When File Converter
appears on the screen, type the
name of the file you wish to load.
Typed letters appear in the pro-
gram's filename box. Don't let the
absence of a cursor here concern
you. If you make a typing mistake,
simply press the DELete key and
try again.
If you click the filename box,
the computer will ask you for the
name of the program's author. If
you're creating a GEOS data file,
you can enter the name of the parent
application's disk instead. Press RE-
TURN to go back to filename mode.
When the filename {and, op-
tionally, the author/application
disk name) is entered, insert the
disk that contains the file that
you're about to convert and then
press RETURN. Your file is loaded
into memory and certain file infor-
mation is displayed onscreen. You
don't have to know or understand
this informarion; it's provided for
your convenience.
Before you can save the convert-
ed file, you must specify a file type.
To do so, simply click on the appro-
priate box: BASIC, ASSEMBLY,
DATA, SYSTEM, ACCES., APPLIC,
AUTO-EXE, FONT, PRINTER, IN-
PUT, DISK DEV., and SYS-BOOT.
The first three options —
BASIC, ASSEMBLY and DATA—
attach a header block to files that
are designed to operate indepen-
dently of GEOS. This header block
is useful in providing GEOS with
additional file information. Such a
file can still be loaded and executed
under the normal 64 operating sys-
tem. The remaining options are for
GEOS-specific files only.
When you're satisfied with your
choice, select the SAVE icon. File
Converter saves the converted file
and returns you to the program. Se-
lect CANCEL to exit to the deskTop.
Additionai Features
If you like, you may load a file from
one disk and then save it to anoth-
er. After you select a file type, click
DISK to change the disk in the cur-
rent drive or click DRIVE to change
the current disk drive (assuming
you have more than one drive con-
nected to your system). Click SAVE
to save the file to the new disk.
Saving a file under a different
filename is easy, too. Just before you
select a file type, press the DELete
key and change the filename. Do not
press RETURN; if you press RE-
TURN, File Converter will attempt
to load another file. Now, select a
file type and click on SAVE. Your
converted file is now saved to disk
using the name you've just entered.
See program listings on page 74. &
Gomlns Next Month—
A first look at a major upgrade:
GEOS 128— Version 2.0.
D
— ^i"
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09
COMPUTEI'S Qaime April 1989 67
CEA8t20 4C 4F 41 44 45 44 20 47
CEB0:28 56 45 52 49 46 49 45 01.
CEB8:44 29 20 2A 0D OD 00 41 47
CEC0:2E 43 2E 53 2E 00 00 00 F3
Sprite Fader
See instructions in article on page
50 before ti/ping in.
Program 1: sprite Fader
U00:
1308:
1310:
1318!
1320:
U28:
1330:
1338:
1340:
1348:
1350:
1358:
1369:
1368:
1370:
1378:
1389:
1388:
1390:
1398:
13A0:
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13D8:
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1309:
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13E0:
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13F0:
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1400:
1408:
1410:
1418:
1420:
1428:
1430:
1438:
1440;
1448:
1450:
1458;
1460:
1468:
1470:
1478:
1480:
14S8:
1490:
1498:
14A0:
14A8:
14B0:
14B8:
14C0:
14C8:
14D0:
14 0 8:
14K0:
14ES:
14F0:
14F8:
1500:
1508:
1510:
1518:
1520:
1528:
1530:
4C 06
15 BE
00 8D
0E 85
D0 F9
90 Fl
D0 88
D0 A9
15 C9
E7 15
FF 8D
D0 4C
F0 03
00 BD
17 D0
0 0 AD
C8 C0
FA A2
15 99
6D E7
E6 FA
15 8D
E8 15
D5 60
81 3D
15 3D
99 00
03 20
ftS 4A
A0-00
fi9 FD
FB C8
FF 85
aE 6C
AC E9
74 FF
15 48
85 PE
FE 18
0A 99
01 8D
A9 15
15 C8
A0 00
EA 15
3E EA
AC E9
00 8D
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AD DE
15 90
15 C9
AC E0
00 8C
69 01
70 A9
.15 85
FC C8
FD A5
AC DB
FB 3D
FD 8D
8C DD
15 AD
E2 15
CD E2
F0 03
ED D9
15 2D
FB 4C
D9 15
13 4C
E5 15
18 D4
FC A9
E6 FC
A5 Fl
10 FA
00 8D
02 B0
ftO E4
17 D0
77 13
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00 FF
A9 38
E6 15
11 90
00 8E
D6 11
IS 8D
A 5 FA
E3 15
8D E6
A9 FF
12 D4
EB 15
17 C3
EF 77
3 5 FE
20 74
A2 01
A2 91
FC A5
09 03
15 A9
20 5C
A9 00
68 13
OA 90
92 E6
00 FF
8D 63
8C EB
8C EA
90 C2
15 C8
15 Ci
00 FF
BD DE
15 18
03 EE
07 90
15 C0
E0 15
80 DB
00 8D
FB C8
8C E0
FC 13
15 B9
DA 15
El 15
15 B9
Oft 15
AD El
15 F0
4C 2C
15 8D
D9 IS
88 14
4C 24
BA 13
8C E4
8 5 FD
00 91
A 5 FC
A0 07
A9 FF
00 FF
17 A9
15 F0
A9 00
A2 FF
2C A8
8E ID
fiD E7
99 D7
F7 A0
E6 11
C8 C8
E5 15
F0 0F
AD E6
11 C0
80 0F
A9 00
AS 99
00 F7
A5 49
A9 FD
FF 8 5
20 74
A 9 FD
FA D0
C9 15
FB A2
15 ca
8 5 FD
0A 90
02 E6
FE as
AC EB
14 ca
15 BO
IS Bl
17 E8
C0 m
FA D0
an DB
15 8D
69 01
DF 15
93 4C
10 90
AD DB
15 C9
DB IS
B9 79
15 AS
69 08
89 15
3C DC
20 35
71 15
20 D9
15 2D
30 2D
15 A9
D9 15
AC DC
AD OA
15 AO
19
36
91
62
10
8D S6
15 A9
A3 A9
FB C8 E7
C9 10 9E
99 27
80 15
AD E4 4A
18 8D CB
02 A9 CS
8D ID 4F
C9 03 C5
FF A9 61
00 8C 09
15 A0 6 5
11 C8 4F
00 84 20
AD E5 7A
E8 18 E6
99 02 91
OB
BD 71
11 0D
6 3
90 EC
15
13
B9 79
97
18 80
90 CD
7C
15 85 44
FB 8 5 FD
85 FE F7
A8 Bl 30
15 Bl CA
15 A3 A9
8D D9 E9
15 8D 4C
D9 15 OA
El 15 92
FF 38 47
AD DA 3 4
15 91 41
15 0D C5
IB D4 C2
1538
C9
08
B0
F9
60
AD
DA
15
83
GA
390
1540
CD
El
15
D0
03
4C
38
14
E7
CB
310
1548
AC
DD
15
C8
C9
08
90
02
BB
1550
A0
00
8C
DD
15
B9
71
IS
CI
EG
320
1558
4C
F6
14
60
48
29
30
8D
64
1560
E3
15
68
29
3F
48
AD
EB
43
FF
330
1563
15
F0
04
68
09
40
69
68
D2
1S70
69
01
02
Q4
08
10
20
49
8C
CH
340
157 8
30
90
BE
40
0E
80
0E
C0
F7
KR
350
1530
0E
00
0F
40
OF
80
0F
ca
FO
ME
360
isaa
0F
09
02
17
07
15
0B
00
00
KK
370
1590
13
03
10
11
01
05
12
0F
67
XP
330
1598
0E
04
14
06
0D
0C
08
0A
60
15AH
16
FF
FE
FC
F8
F0
E0
C0
93
AK
390
15A8
80
00
16
01
16
02
16
40
0B
JS
409
15B0
16
41
16
42
16
89
16
81
7D
15B8
16
82
16
C0
16
CI
16
C2
04
DP
410
15C0
16
00
17
01
17
92
17
40
13
GS
JF
420
430
15C8
17
41
17
42
17
89
17
31
40
15D0
17
82
17
C0
17
CI
17
C2
C6
15DB
17
00
00
00
00
09
00
00
8E
PP
440
SO
GX
EK
DM
KR
SB
69
70
80
90
10
04 A9 13
80 E9 EC
00 16 6D
20 30 5A
85 FD 59
A2 01 98
FA C8 7F
FF 85 28
20 74 AO
05 A2 4B
B0 F7 8E QK 100
01 20 02
8C E9 13
A9 D0 62
02 E6 DE
FE 18 E9
FD A9 EB
15 B9 45
D9 A9 53
64 14 41
FD AE 2B
Ee E8 3A
90 ED F6
99 A9 50
15 8D 97
DF 15 Bl
80 DE AC
AD DF 4 5
5B IS BC
17 AO
Program 2: sprite Fader Oemo
FH 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1989 COMPU
TEl PUBLICATIONS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
SR 20 BANKlS:IFPBEK(4a64) 076T
HENBLOAD "FADER. ML"
AP 30 COLOR0,1:COLOR4,1:PRINT"
{CLR)lyELH3 SPACES}COPV
RIGHT 1989 COMPUTE! PUB.
, IHC.":PRINTTAD(11) "ALL
RIGHTS RESERVED":SLEEP2
RS 40 PRIMT"{CLR} {CYN} {3 DOWN)
{3 RIGHTlCOMPUTE'S GA2BT
TE":PRINT"{3 RIGHT)PRESE
NTS. ..m"
SVS4864,140,80,3
F0RI=lTO6:READA$:SyS4867
, , , , ,R5;NEXT
SCNCLR
A$=" ":SYS4867, , , , ,A$
PRINT" tCLRHB>i DOWN)
{RIGHTJFOUR TEXT SIZES..
II
TXS="THIS IS SIZE":TB(0
)=110:TB(lj=110:TB(2)=7
0:TB(3)=70
FORr=0TO3:SYS4864rl40,T
Btl) ,1: AS=TXS+STR$[I) :S
VS4B67,,,,,A$
SLEEP1:A$=" ":S¥S4867,,
, , ,a?:next
print"{clr)"
A$=" ":SYS4867,, , , ,A5
PRINT" {CLR) (DOWN)
{RIGHT) AND AN ARRAY OF
isPACE}COLORS!"
FORI=1T0 5:POKE341,I:SYS
4 8 64, 130, 80, 2 :AS= "COLOR
FUL TEXT":SyS4867, ,, , rA
5
AS'" ";Sys4867, ,, , ,AS:N
EXT
PR I NT "{CLR) {DOWN)(CYN)A
ND MOVEMENT T00 1i2K'
SP 190 SyS4864,lS0,0,3
QK 200 A$="M0V1HG TITLES ARE E
ASYl"
XS 219 F0HI=1T08:M0VSPRI, 270*3
:NEXT
MQ 220 SyS4867, , , , ,AS
GS 230 GOSUB440
HP 240 AS="ftHD MAY RE CHANGED"
:SYS4867,, ,, ,AS
XB 250 GOSUB440
AS 260 A3="WHILE TEXT IS MOVIN
Gt":SYS4367, , , , ,AS
HD 270 GQSUB440
JG 230 AS=" ":SYS4867,,, , ,A5
XD 299 FORI=lTO8:MOVSPRI,0#0:N
EXT
SB 110
FP 120
CH 130
QX 140
CB 150
RE 160
DJ 170
JS 18 0
SYS4864, 240, 110,0
FORI=1TO8:MOVSPRI,0#1:N
EXT
PRINT" {CLR} (DOWN) VERT IC
AL MOVEMENT TOO!"
FORI=1T02:AS="FADING IN
AND OUT!"
SYS4867, , , , ,A5
AS = " "
SYS4367, ,, , ,A$
NEXT
PRINT" {CLR]": FORI =1T08!
MOVSPRI,9#0:NEXT
SYS4B64, 149, 88,0
ft$="PRESS ANY KEY TO RE
START"
SY34867, , , , ,AS
A$=" ";SYS4867, , , , ,AS
GETAS:IFA$=""THEN409:EL
SERUN
WINDOW0,23,39,24,1:PRIN
TTAB[3) "{YEL)PRESS ANY
(SPACE} KEY TO CONTINUE"
XM 450 GETKEYAS!PRINT"(CLR)"; :
WINDOW0, 0,39,24: RETURN
RS 460 DATA "SPRITE FADER"
RR 470 DATA " THE SUPER"
SS 480 DATA "{2 SPACES } ALL-ML"
BQ 490 DATA "{2 SPACES }UT ILITY
CG 500
RP 510
DATA
R"
DATA
"12 SPACES) FOR YOU
"COMMODORE 128!
Power BASIC: italics
Article on page 45.
Program 1: italics— 64 version
EM 10
EC
20
SK
30
EJ
40
GP
50
FS
60
PP
70
RF
80
JE
90
XJ
10
HF
11
JX
12
QR
13
QE
14
AB
15
DG
16
BJ
17
JP
18
AS
19
AC
20
EF
21
EM
22
REM COPYRIGHT 1989 COMPU
TEl PUBLICATIONS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
POKE53280,14:POKE532B1,6
Sa = B32:IS=>52:IE = 252
T=SA:CK=0
READA;IF A=-1 THEN 70
POKE T,A:T=T+1:CK=CK+A:G
OT059
IF CKO11204 THEN PRINT"
ERROR IN DATA":END
T = SA + 35:H = INT (T/256) :L=T
-H*256
POKE SA+24,L!POKESA+29,H
0 POKE SA+63,IE:POKE SA+1
2,IS:P0KE SA+78,IS
0 SYS SA:PRINT"{CLR)<7>C0
PYRIGHT 1939"
0 PRINT"C0MPUTE ! PUBLICAT
IONS, INC."!PRINT"ALL R
IGHTS RESERVED."
0 DATA 120,169,127,141,13
,220,169,1,141,26
0 DATA 208,169,52,133,176
,141,18,203,169,27
0 DATA 141,17,208,169,99,
141,20,3,169,3
0 DATA 141,21,3,88,96,169
,1,141,25,203
0 DATA 173,22,208,201,201
,208,7,169,204,141
9 DATA 22,208,208,3,206,2
2,208,16 5,17 6,2 4
0 DATA 105,2,201,252,176,
11,13 3,176,141,18
0 DATA 208,104,168,104,17
0,104,64,169,52,133
0 DATA 176,141,18,208,169
,204,141,22,208,76
0 DATA 49,234,-1
68 COMPUTEfs Gazette April 1989
BE
2fl
KK
30
EJ
40
GP
50
FS
60
F«
70
RF
80
JE
90
SG
100
XE
110
Program 2: itaiics-izs Version
HJ 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1989 COMPU
TEl PUBLICATIONS, INC.
{2 SPACES)ALL RIGHTS RES
ERVED,
POKE53281,ll!POKE53280,l
3
BAN!C15:SA"4864!IS = 53:IE =
250
T=SA:CK=0
READA:IFfl=-l THEN 70
POKE T,A;T=T+I:CK=CK+A:G
OTO50
IF CKO14230 THEN PRINT"
ERROR IN DATA"!END
T=SA+3 5:H"INT(T/256) :L°T
-H*256
POKE SA+24,L:POKE SA-H9,
H
POKE SA+S1,IE:P0KE SA+9
6,IS:P0KE SA+12,IS
SYS Sfi:PRINT"{CLR)(6>C0
PYRIGHT 1989":PRINT"C0M
PUTE PUBLICATIONS, INC.
":PRINT"ALL RIGHTS RESE
RVED,"
JO 120 DATA 120,169,127,141,13
,220,169,1,141,26
BE 130 DATA 208,169,53,133,176
,141,18,208,169,27
QJ 140 DATA 141,17,208,169,35,
141,20,3,169,19
HC 150 DATA 141,21,3,88,96,216
,169,1,141,25
EF 160 DATA 208,173,22,208,133
,177,201,200,208,6
BD 170 DATA 169,201,133,177,20
a, 2, 193, 177, 173, 18
SR 180 DATA 208,197,176,240,24
9,160,7,136,208,253
FG 190 DATA 165,177,141,22,208
,165,176,24,135,4
JQ 200 DATA 201,250,176,11,133
,176,141,18,208,141
MA 210 DATA 52,10,76,51,255,16
9,53,133,176,141
JP 220 DATA 18,208,169,201,141
,22,208,76,101,250,-1
BASIC 10
See instructions in article on page
46 before typing in.
0901:
0809:
0811
0B19:
0821
0829:
0331
0839:
0341;
0849:
0351:
0359:
0861:
0369:
0371:
0879:
0881;
0889;
0391:
0399;
08ftl;
08A9;
08B1;
0C 08 C5
37 34 00
A4 31 99
9A A9 00
58 A9 A0
5B 85 59
85 5F A9
85 5a A9
85 S3 A9
A3 A9 99
E3 A9 4C
B5 8D 43
FC DC EA
75 A8 A9
9C BD 22
A0 A9 D6
BD 25 A0
A9 9B 8D
44 Bl A9
9E 3D C5
B5 A9 A8
8D 0D B2
A9 9A 80
07 9E
00 00
47 9A
85 5F
85 60
20 BE
09 85
0E 85
9F 35
BD 3 4
3D A5
Bl 30
EA SA
0B 80
A0 A9
8D 24
A9 CD
ft7 B0
9C 8D
B5 A9
3D 0C
A9 FD
FE BC
20 32
E0 9A
FD 99
85 5A
A9 C0
A3 A9
60 A9
5B A9
59 20
02 20
B0 8D
FF AE
A9 D2
76 AS
9B BD
A0 A9
3D A6
A9 SB
45 Bl
9C 3D
B2 A9
8D FD
A9 3E
30 4C
8 3 FD
93 FA
85 84
85 E4
3B 90
A4 47
69 IF
BF EA
BF CD
C4 EP
8D 82
8D 5C
A9 85
23 7B
9C 8B
B0 F2
8D 4C
A9 BD
C6 12
9C FF
BC 93
8D 75
0809:72
08C1:4C
08C9:AF
0801:80
08D9!A9
08El!F2
08E9:24
03F1:A1
08F9:8D
0901:80
0909:3D
0911:A9
0919:E4
0921:00
0929:C0
0931 :D0
0939:9ft
0941:0B
0949:F0
0951:01
09S9:4C
0961:18
0969:31
0971:24
0979:85
0981:90
0989:BD
0991:30
0999:35
09A1:70
09A9:D0
09Bl:90
09B9:38
09C1:02
09C9:99
0901:99
09D9:3B
09E1:02
09E9:35
09F1:08
09F9:D0
0A01:FD
0A09:F0
0A11:FO
0A19:60
0A21S0E
0A29:34
0A31;A0
0A39:03
0A41:D0
0A49:23
0A51:48
0A59:4C
0a61:08
0A69:A8
0A71:B0
0A79:9F
0A31:00
0A8 9:0F
0A91:49
0A99:f0
0AAl:30
0AA9:Z0
0AB1:AA
0AB9:10
0AC1:30
0AC9:EF
0AD1:08
0AO9!26
0AEllD6
0AE9:9A
0AF1:5F
0AF9:56
0B01:4C
0B09:AE
0B11:4C
0B19:74
0B21:03
0B29:0A
0B31:48
0B39:C9
0B41S0D
0B49:A9
0B51:90
0B59:90
A4 A9 9B
30 00 AF
A9 0E BD
E9 AE A9
9A 8D D3
AE A9 9A
80 E4 AE
A9 CF 3D
4E B5 3D
0F B6 80
66 A4 A9
60 8D 69
B3 A9 00
B9 OE 08
0C D0 F5
3D 21 D0
E3 g9 80
84 08 A0
00 88 10
02 20 C2
90 99 68
23 26 2A
32 33 A9
18 A9 9E
FD A9 A0
06 A6 7A
00 02 10
E8 D0 OD
03 C9 22
2C C9 3F
24 C9 30
IC 84 71
36 7A CA
33 Fl FB
EA 05 0B
FB 01 B9
E9 3 A F0
35 OF 33
03 BD 00
F0 D8 ca
F0 a6 7A
10 FB Bl
0F BO 00
01 C6 7B
AS FB C9
84 FB A2
FD C8 D0
00 A6 7A
9A 4C AE
01 60 E9
B0 17 0A
B9 0C A0
A5 ft9 C9
AF C9 4B
B0 03 4C
F9 E9 4B
48 B9 4F
10 47 C9
30 3F 38
A0 FF E0
03 C3 B9
F5 CB B9
D2 FF 00
CA F0 03
FA 30 F5
05 20 02
A6 4C F3
A2 00 36
C9 08 B0
B0 06 20
68 38 E9
9F 35 55
20 54 00
8D AE 20
20 79 00
73 00 A2
A4 8A 30
4C 3A A4
AA BD 4 7
9F 35 23
24 F0 0B
BD C9 20
00 20 3C
0A C9 47
IS E9 07
80 73
A9 9B
E8 AE
C9 30
AF A9
80 F3
A9 44
30 Al
55 Bl
89 Bl
EA 80
Bl A9
3D E5
99 00
A9 09
EE 8 6
D0 IE
0B D9
E8 A4
9B 60
4C C0
2B 2C
36 85
85 FB
85 FC
A0 04
07 C9
C9 20
F0 5 5
00 04
90 04
A0 00
CB E8
F0 F6
A4 71
FB 01
04 C9
E9 55
02 F0
99 FB
E5 0B
FB 00
02 10
A9 FF
9E 00
9F 86
01 GA
18 90
A7 23
30 90
AS B9
48 4C
3A F0
D0 03
03 AF
0A A8
9F 48
FF F0
E9 7F
40 B0
9E A0
9E A0
F5 38
CB B9
CB B9
FF 00
A6 20
00 C9
22 28
73 00
04 BA
B9 60
4C 80
FA AE
C9 28
21 00
FA E0
SA 38
9F as
4C 47
28 B0
4C 00
BC 20
B0 19
29 0F
A4 A9 48
8D 01 2E
A9 9B a?
02 AF 60
CF 8D A5
AE a9 39
80 2F 9F
A9 0F 7A
A9 0A C2
A9 6A IE
10 B6 0F
79 3D 0D
B3 A0 CB
03 C3 7F
80 20 C4
02 4C 22
48 A5 03
25 99 AB
08 BD 51
04 68 a4
99 04 0C
2D 2E 42
01 38 A3
A9 90 C7
85 FE 37
84 0F 07
FF F0 0C
F0 36 5B
24 0F FF
A9 99 A7
C9 3C CD
84 0B 03
BD 00 13
4C 00 DC
E8 C8 3A
F0 37 68
49 00 83
00 89 8B
OF C5 Dl
01 E8 F3
C8 Bl 03
B7 EA 30
BD 99 75
35 7A C7
EB A0 93
FC 88 AO
36 FE 64
87 20 44
73 as 8E
11 C9, DA
0D A0 35
73 00 DO
DE 4C 6E
4C 12 90
C9 54 0A
B9 50 05
4C 73 C5
43 24 80
AA 84 C3
16 CA A4
10 FA 6F
30 IF F6
E9 4C 40
0E 9F 55
0E 9F E2
F5 4C OB
73 00 E4
D4 90 C4
48 C9 A5
20 C9 F5
A8 B9 E4
9F 85 B7
AD 28 E7
4C ?i 98
D0 03 41
0 3 4C F2
IF B0 31
E9 IF 85
22 BD 30
a4 03 07
0 3 4C 6 2
BD 28 5F
73 00 49
C9 41 9E
ft2 04 79
0B61
0B69
0B71
0B79
0B81
0BB9
0B91
0B99
0Bal
0BA9
0BB1
0BB9
0BC1
0BC9
0BD1
0BO9
0BE1
0BE9
0BF1
0BF9
0C01
0C09
0C11
0C19
0C21
0C29
0C31
0C39
0C41
0C49
0C51
0C59
0C61
0C69
0C71
0C79
0C81
0Ca9
0C91
0C99
0CA1
0CA9
0CB1
0CB9
0CC1
0CC9
0CD1
0CD9
0CE1
0CE9
0CF1
0CF9
0001
0D09
0011
0019
0021
0029
0031
0D3 9
0D41
0D49
0D51
0D59
0061
0D69
0D71
0079
0081
0089
0091
0099
0OA1
0DA9
0DB1
0OB9
0DC1
0DC9
0DO1
0DO9
0DE1
0DE9
0DF1
0DF9
0E01
:06 63
:F7 05
:90 38
:A5 39
;20 13
;9B AO
[73 09
130 94
;9B 35
:A0 01
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COMPurers Gazsne April 1989 69
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128 Super
Accelerator
Article on page 53.
Program 1: super Accelerator
MH 10 FOR 1=4864 TO 4999:READ
{SPACE1D:P0KE I,D:CK="CK +
D:NEXT I
KE 20 IF CK013273 THEN PRINT
isPACE)"ERROR IN DATA ST
ATEHENTS":END
DD 30 SYS 4864:PRINT"SLJPER ACC
ELERATOR ACTIVATED" : END
XC 100 DATA 32,20,19,169,14,14
1,0,10
EG 110 DATA 169,19,141,1,10,96
,32,20
DF 120 DATA 19,76,3,64,120,169
,33,141
RA 139 DATA 20,3,169,19,141,21
3 9B
GB 148 DATA 96,173,135,19,201,
1,240,41
ES 150 DATA 201,2,240,45,216,3
2,36,192
BH 160 DATA 144,18,32,248,245,
70 COMPUTErs Gazette Aprl 1969
■ST, ynfi 2Tft
HH 170 DATA 173,13,220,173,4,1
0,74,144
SF 180 DATA 3,32,6,64,169,47,1
41,18
AB 190 DATA 208,169,1,141,135,
19 7 6 51
KG 200 DATA 255,32,196,119,169
,250,76,97
MK 210 DATA 19,32,179,119,169,
CB 220 DATA 19,141,18,208,238,
135,19,173
FJ 230 DATA 25,208,9,254,141,2
5,208,76
HC 240 DATA 51,255,169,101,141
,20,3,169
PG 250 DATA 250,141,21,3,169,3
,141,0
AX 260 DATA 10,169,64,141,1,10
,96,0
Program 2: Super Accelerator Demo
HK 10 HEM BE SURE YOU ' KE IN 40
COLUMN MODE
SS 20 SL0W:SYS4978:PRINT"{CLR}
HORMAL SPEED" :SLEEP1:G0S
UB50:N1=SE
JX 30 SyS4864:PRINT"{3 DOWN}WI
TH ACCELERAT0R":SLEEP1:G
OSUB50:N2=SE
MJ 40 PRINT" t 3 DOWN} AN INCREAS
E 0F"INT( (1-{N2/N1) )*100
) "(LEFT}l":END
HP 50 TT=TI:GHAPHIC1,1:FOR1=0T
O319STEP25:CIRCLEI,I,100
,5a,50:NEXTI:SE= (TI-TT)/
60
HJ 60 GRAPHICe:PRINT"{DOWN}TIM
E ="SE"SECONDS.": RETURN
Space Worms
See instructions in article on page
24 before typing in.
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COMPUTEr$ Gazette April 198S 71
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13B9:D2 Dl D0 CF CE CD CC CB E7 1661=A9 04 85 40 20 B9 60 E0 Al 909=81 B0 4F EE 46 AE 40 16 B
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1451:B3 B2 Bl AF EC 29 9C 98 0F 16F9:FE FF BF FF FF 87 FF FF A5 19A1:0C F3 OD 20 OF BD 03 78 AS
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Brusher
See instructions in article on page
19 before typing in.
Program 1: Brusher BASIC
FH 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1989 COMPU
TEl PUBLICATIOHS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
BG 20 FASTSDIMCI (18) ,C2(18) ,NS
(18) ,SP(1B) ;GRAPHIC3,1
FP 30 COLOR0,1:COLOR4, 1:G0SUB3
00:SLOW:POKE2827,2
BK 40 IFSC>BSTHEHBS=SC
RO 50 LV=O:L=0:SD=O:SC=0:VC=0:
XL=0:OS=a
HH 60 SD=SC:YC=¥C+1+(¥C=18) *18
:COLOR1,C1(VC} :C0L0R2,C1
(YC) :C0LOR3,C2(YC)
GRAPHIC3,l:GOSUB390tGOSU
B420
FORU=0TO9:FORT=0TO8 :B0X1
,8+T*i2,8+U*16,20+T*12,2
4+U*16:NEXTT,U
LV = LV + 1 lOSs'SC: L = L+H- (L = l
8) !POKE29 3 3,0:IFLV/4=1NT
(LV/4)THENYL=YL-1
SOUND 3, a 000, 3: SPRITE 1,0
, 10 :M0VSPR1, IS2 , 128: SPR
ITEe,0,C2(YC) :SLEEP2
GOSUB450:POKE6067,SP(L)
:POKE2e2 5,0!POKE2901,a:
POKE8ie4,95
P0KE2 90 3, 96: POKE 2904,0;
POKE 2 902,0: POKE 29 15,0
FORT=0TO7:POKE8184+T,95
+T:NEXT:SLOW:B=0:SYS6ai
6:HL = 2-YL:GOSIIB440
GOSaB220: IFPEEK ( 2933 ) TH
EN280 ■
IFPEEK ( 2915 )THENGOTO250
IFPEEK{2949)THENPOKE532
69,1:TI$="000O00":CAN=1
;POKE2949,0;SOUNOl,400a
0,5
IFTIS>"00000I"ANO CAN T
HENG0StJB4 50 :CAN-0: SOUND
2,9999,20
IFPEEK(DEC{"0B0A") ) ANDB
=0THENB=1:T I $="000 000":
SOUNO1,490,I0
IFTIS>"090003"ANDB'=1THE
tJB = 2:GOSUB4 50: SOUNDS, 20
00,10
IFCAN=0THENMS=MS+1:IFMS
-10THENMS=0:IFSP(L)=2TK
ENGOSUB480
GOTO140
SC=SD+LV*(10*(PEEK{2912
) +256*PEEK{2913) ) )
IFSC=CSTHENSOUNO1,300,1
, 1,300, 308, 3!RETURN
SOUND1,1000,5:CS=SC:CHA
Rl,38-LEN(STRS(SC} ) ,15,
STRS (SC) ; RETURN
SOUHDl, 10000, 40, 1,300, I
0O,0:POKE532 6 9,0!YL=YL+
l:IFYL<3THEm00
COLORl , 9 : CHARl , 10 , 22 , "
{SPACE) GAME OVER ",1:C0
L0R1,3:PLAYM2S
CHARl, 3, 24, "PRESS ANY K
EY FOR NEW GAME":GETKEY
YS:GOTO40
POKE 53 26 9,0: POKE 29 0 2,1:
COLORl, 16 :PLAYM1S:SC=0S
4-900*LV
CHARl, 5, 22," PREPARE FO
R LEVEL "+STRS(LV+1)+"
{ SPACE ) " , 1 : SLEEP3 ! G0TO6
HG 300 FORT = 0TO7; READY :POKEDEC
("0B1.4")+T,Y:NEXT:FORT =
0TO1:READX(T) ,Y(T) :NEXT
PJ 310 F0RT=lTOia:READCl(T) ,C2
(T) !NEXT:FORT=1T018:REA
DNS(T) ,SP(T) :NEXT
KC 320 V=B192:G=-l!FORT=0TO23!
FORL=0TO7 :W=V+m-320*T
RH 330 G=G+l:POKE66S6+G,W-INT t
W/256) * 2 56 : POKE 69 12 + G, I
NT {W/256) :NEXT:NEXT
GJ 340 M1S""V203T7U7WAIBIAIBIA
IBIAIBIAIBIAIBQDICSBQFI
ESDICIBWAQG"
RD 350 M2S="V202T7U8QBQAHBHCQG
QFHEQDQCI3IAQBICIDICWAQ
G"
QD 360 BLOAD"ML-BROSHER",B0,P4
864
EA 370 FORT=aTOia:Z-32+(T+(T»l
0) ) *24;POKE2 8 4 8+T,Z:ZX(
T) =Z
KP 380 Z=48+T*16:POKE2864+T,Z:
ZY{T) =3: NEXT: RETURN
PP 390 CHARl, 31, 6," BEST
(3 SPACES)", l:CHARl, 31,
7," SC0REi2 spaces!", 1;
BTS=STRS(BS) :LVS=STR$(L
V+1)
OJ 400 CHARl, 3e-LEN(BT$) ,10, BT
S: COLORl, 8: CHARl, 3 1,1,"
LEVEL (2 SPACES }",l;CKA
R1,36,3,LV5
BX 410 COLOR1,13:CHAR1,3,24,"
(SPACE }B RUSHER",
l!COLORl,Cl(YC) : RETURN
RF 420 COLORl, C2(YC) iCHARl, 31,
12," Y0UR{3 SPACES)", 1
CG 430 CHARl, 31, 13," SCORE
(2 SPACES)", ItCOLORl, CI
(YC) !GOSUB240:RETURN
JR 440 COLORl, 5:CHAR1, 31, 18, "B
RUSHES": CHARl, 36, 20, STR
$(ML) :COLORl,Cl(YC) ! RET
URN
GS 450 F0RT-2T0NS(L) :MOVSPRT,X
(INT {RND(1)*2) ) ,Y (INT (R
ND{1) *2) ) :NEXT
EM 460 POKE2949,0:POKE2a26,0
EQ 470 GOSUB490:POKE53269,2'rNS
(L)-I:RETURN
QQ 480 GOSUB490:POKE53269,PEEK
(53269)OR128:RETURN
BS 490 M0VSPR8,ZX(INT(RND(1) *1
1) ) ,ZY(INT(RND(1) *11) ) :
RETURN
RG 500 DATA192,192,48,48,12,12
,3,3,32,48,248,208,2,3,
3,2,8,7,7,8,11,6,6,11
MA 510 DATA1S,9,9,15,14,12,12,
14,5,8,8,14,3,15,15,3,5
,5,6,2,2,4,4,5,2,3,2,2,
3,3
QH 520 DATA3,2,4,3,4,2,5,4,5,3
,5,2,6,5,6,4,6,3,6,2,7,
5,7,4,7,3,7,2,7,2
Program 2: Brystier ML
1300
AD
D6
11
8D
00
0B
38
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34
1308
10
80
01
0B
8D
02
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28
70
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99
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85
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83
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18
69
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90
02
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1340
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0B
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24
1348
02
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29
07
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00
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51
1350
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ID
14
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91
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65
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1388
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60
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80
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39
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IF
0B
CD
00
0B
PO
34
1398
04
88
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F5
60
AO
0B
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Bl
13A0
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CD
03
08
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04
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15
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00
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13
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15
El
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16
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04
80
08
1410
07
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EA
EA
EA
20
Bl
13
08
COMPUTErs Gazette April 1989 73
The GEOS Column
141.8-flD 06 SB F0 06 AD 07 0B 09 16C0:aft 13 AD 06 0B D0 01 60 0n 196B:FC 00 01 F0 80 00 00 00 48
1120-80 0B 0B A2 00 AD 0B 0B 35 16C3:4C 4D 16 A9 00 30 60 0B CD 1970:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A2
1428-C9 01 00 03 4C 62 13 C9 9B 16D0:8D 61 0B SD 55 0B AA AS 2C 1973:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AA
1430-02 D0 03 4C 6E 13 C9 03 09 1608:22 85 FB 85 FD A9 98 85 9C 1930:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BZ
1433-D0 03 4C 7C 13 4C 57 13 56 16Ee:FA 85 FC A0 9A A9 09 B5 24 1988:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BA
1440-AD 40 0B AA 4A A8 60 20 31 IfiEBlFE Al FA C9 AA F0 11 20 54 1990:38 00 08 00 00 00 C2 00 80
1448:40 14 B9 0B 0B C9 01 00 CF 16F0:55 15 C6 FS D0 F3 20 31 90 1998:03 F0 03 23 F0 00 07 F9 4A
1450-04 20 62 13 60 C9 02 00 FE 16F8:15 20 FB 14 SB D0 E6 60 2E 19A0:00 03 F0 00 13 F0 00 00 BE
1458-04 20 6E 13 60 C9 03 00 BA 1700:EE 55 0B AD 55 08 C9 5A FB 19A8:C2 00 04 00 00 03 88 00 CD
1460-04 20 7C 13 60 20 57 13 98 1708:00 05 A9 01 80 75 0B EE 6C 19B0:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 SO E2
1468160 AD 40 0B C9 02 D0 01 00 1710:60 0B 00 DB EE 61 011 4C 68 19B8:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 FF EA
1470:60 CE 40 0B CE 40 0B 4C 0F 1718:EF 16 AD 57 0B C9 64 D0 08 19C0S00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F2
1478:BB 14 20 40 14 EE 2E flB 4F 1720:05 A9 5F 80 57 0B EE 57 IC
1480:AD 2E OB 29 03 80 2E SB B4 1728:0B AD S8 0B C9 06 00 05 10
14BB:C9 01 30 15 BO D6 11 38 D0 1730:A9 00 80 58 OB AA AO 57 20
1490:ED 06 11 30 06 A9 04 99 03 1738:0B 9D F9 IF EE 58 0D AO 21
1496:33 0B 60 A9 02 99 0B SB 47 1740:59 0B C9 06 30 05 A9 01 61 SeC hlStrUCiiOHS W article OH Vase
UA0:60 BD D7 11 38 ED D7 11 AE 1748:80 59 0B Aft AD 65 0B 90 56 ^r i,„/-„„ ,„„;,,„ ;,,
14AB:30 06 A9 01 99 0B 0B 60 IF 1750:27 00 CE 65 0B EE 59 0B 48 00 Oejors lypin^ m.
14B0:A9 03 99 0B 0B 60 A9 0C 8B 1758:60 EA EA S0 AD IE D0 8D E3
14B8:3D 40 0B AD 40 0B AA 3D 35 17G0:5B 17 AD 5B 17 29 81 C9 97 PfOgraill Tl FllB COnWertef
14C0:D6 11 8D 00 OB BO 07 11 5A 1768:81 F0 OF AO 5B 17 29 01 OA
14C3:8D 03 0B 20 3A 13 AD 06 DD 1770iF0 OB A9 01 3D 63 0B 8D BC 1503:nF FF FF FF 80 00 01 30 93
14D0:0a F0 03 20 7A 14 20 47 C8 1778:56 0B 8D 35 OB 60 15 D0 73 150B:7F 01 80 08 01 80 OB 01 E0
14D8:14 4C 69 14 AD 0A OB D0 09 1730:78 A9 8D 8D 14 03 A9 17 F6 1513:30 0R 01 BO 7C 01 32 4A OE
14E0!03 20 B6 14 60 A5 FA 80 C7 1788:8D 15 03 58 60 AD 56 0B 1ft 15lB;01 82 49 01 81 Fl 01 80 F5
14E8:50 0B ft5 FB 8D 51 0B 60 98 1790:F0 03 4G 65 FA 20 00 13 43 1523:41 01 BF El 01 32 41 01 D9
14F0:ftO 50 0B BS FA AD 51 0B F9 1793:20 B3 16 20 D3 13 20 CB 7F 15211:82 41 01 82 42 01 82 7C C6
14Fa:85 FB 60 A5 FB 85 PD A5 E0 17A0:16 20 lA 17 20 5C 17 AD E4 1533:01 82 00 01 82 00 01 82 27
1500:FA as FC 60 A5 FA 18 69 61 17A8!62 0B DO OB 20 DC 14 20 52 153B:C0 01 80 00 01 FF FF FF IE
1508:08 85 FA 90 02 E6 FB A5 49 17B0:DC 14 A9 03 80 62 0B CE 92 1543:82 06 00 FA 04 94 0F FC 6D
1510:FC 18 69 03 35 FC 90 02 AF 17B3:6Z 0B 4C 65 FA 00 00 00 92 154B:04 66 69 6C 65 73 61 76 37
1518:E6 FD 60 A5 FC 3D 52 0B 69 17CO:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0@ EE 1553:65 72 00 00 00 00 00 00 CC
1520:A5 FD 8D S3 0B 60 AD 52 0B 17Ca:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F6 155n:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 85
152B:0B 85 FC AD 53 0B 85 FD 83 1700:00 00 00 04 00 00 0E 00 5B 1563:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8D
1530:60 AS FC 85 FA A5 FD 85 DB 17D8:00 IC 00 01 FB 00 03 B0 9C 15611:00 00 BO 00 00 00 00 00 95
1538 :FB E6 FB E6 FB A5 FA 18 8C 17E0:00 07 70 00 03 E0 00 01 7B 1573:00 00 30 00 00 00 00 00 9D
1540:69 80 85 FA 90 02 E6 FB F5 17E8:C0 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 7F 157B:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 A5
1543:60 A5 FC 85 FA AS FD B5 P3 17F0:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 IF 1583:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 AO
1550:FB 60 20 49 15 AS FA 18 76 17F8:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 27 158B:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 B5
1558:69 18 85 FA 90 02 E6 F3 F3 1800:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 30 1593:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 BD
1560:60 E6 FA 00 02 E6 FB E6 6B 1308:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 38 159B:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C5
156B:FC D0 02 BS FD 60 E6 FD 31 1B1O:00 00 01 FO 00 06 FC 00 81 15A3:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CD
1570:A5 FC 18 69 38 85 FC 90 AB 1818:0E FE 00 BF 7E 00 0F 7E 90 15AB:00 00 00 00 m 00 00 00 DS
1573:02 E6 FD E6 FB A5 FA 18 10 1320:00 0F BE 00 0F DE 00 07 E6 15B3:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DD
15B0:69 38 85 FA 90 02 E6 FB 24 1828:EC 00 01 F0 00 00 00 00 FD 1SBB:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E5
1533:60 E6 FB AS FA 18 69 40 CI 1830:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OO 60 1SC3:00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 ED
1590:85 FA 90 02 E6 FB 60 A2 FB 1838:00 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 68 15CB:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F5
1593:00 A9 03 85 FE Al FA C9 24 1840:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 70 15D3:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 FD
1SA0:FF F0 01 60 Al FC C9 FF CI 1848:00 00 00 00 30 00 00 00 7B 15DB:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 33 36
15ft8:F0 01 60 20 04 15 C6 FE 9A 1850:00 00 01 F0 33 37 FC 00 C5 15E3:00 30 00 00 00 00 00 33 3E
1SB0:D0 EB 20 26 15 20 52 15 B7 1B58:0B FE 00 0D FE 00 OE FE Bl 15EB:00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00 16
1SB8:A9 02 35 FE A9 08 8D 54 B5 1860:00 0F 3A 03 3F C6 00 07 36 15F3;00 30 00 00 00 00 00 30 IE
15C0:0B Al FA 29 C0 C9 C0 F0 6A 1868:FC 00 01 F0 00 03 00 00 46 i5FB:00 30 00 00 FC 04 AD A5 IF
15C8:01 60 Al FC 29 C0 C9 C0 30 1870:00 00 00 00 30 00 00 00 AO 1603:8C 85 79 A9 07 85 78 20 FF
15D0:FO 01 60 20 61 15 CE 54 13 1B78:00 00 00 00 OO 00 00 00 A8 160B:C5 05 4C Fl 05 03 A9 17 96
1508:flB DO E6 20 6E 15 C6 FE EF 1BB0:O0 00 00 00 OO 00 00 00 BO 1613:A0 OS 30 A9 84 8C AA 84 40
15E0:D0 DA Al FA 29 C0 C9 CO ftE 1888:00 00 00 30 00 00 00 00 B3 1616:60 AD 05 BS 10 01 60 A5 C6
15E8:F3 01 60 20 26 15 20 49 E8 1890:00 00 01 F0 00 07 FC 00 06 1623:18 48 AS 19 48 AD 08 04 C0
15F0:15 20 89 15 A9 18 85 FE E7 1898:0F FE 00 0F FE 00 07 FA 02 162B:AC 39 04 85 20 84 21 A2 CO
15F8:A9 AA 81 FA 81 FC 20 61 24 i8A0:30 0D E6 00 0E IE 00 07 E0 1633:FF 86 IE A0 00 Bl 20 CO 96
1600:15 C6 FE D0 F3 20 26 15 06 13A8:FC 00 01 F0 03 00 00 00 86 163B:06 00 13 C9 FF F0 37 98 68
1608:20 31 15 A9 03 85 FE A9 A3 13BO:O0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 E0 1643:18 65 20 85 20 90 02 E6 5F
1610:FF 81 FA 81 FC 20 04 15 99 1SB8:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 EB 164B:21 A0 00 4C 33 05 99 06 OB
1618:C6 FE DO F3 20 26 15 20 A4 18C0:00 00 00 00 00 33 00 00 F0 1653:00 C8 CO 06 D0 DF e6 IE IC
1620:52 15 A9 02 85 FE A9 08 93 18C8:O0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 F8 1658:20 B3 C2 10 DB AS IE 85 FC
1628:BD 54 0B Al FA 09 CO 81 AA 1800:00 00 01 FO 03 07 DC 00 06 1663:1F 0A A8 B9 F3 08 8D 7C A9
1630:FA Al FC 09 C0 81 FC 20 98 1308:3F EE 00 0F EE 00 0F EE CI 166B:05 C8 B9 F3 08 8D 70 05 39
1638:61 15 CE 54 0B DO EC 20 0F 1BE0:00 OF EE 00 OF 9E 00 07 AC 1673:20 7E 05 20 7B 05 68 35 38
1640:6E 15 C6 FE DO EO Al FA F9 1BE8:7C 00 01 F0 00 00 00 00 86 167B:19 68 85 18 60 4C 03 00 B4
1648:09 C0 81 Ffi 60 20 ES 14 6C iaF0:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 21 1683:A5 IE C9 0D B0 40 AD 0B 01
1650:20 FB 14 C6 FO C6 FD A5 27 13F8:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 29 163B:05 C9 FF F0 lA 0A 0A 6D 36
165e:FC 38 E9 98 35 FC B0 02 58 1900:00 00 03 00 00 00 00 00 32 1693:0B OS 6D 0B 05 AA A0 03 F8
1660:C6 FD 20 IB 15 20 31 15 05 1908:30 00 00 00 00 30 00 00 3A 1S9B:BD 8C 08 99 06 00 E8 C8 2F
1668:20 97 15 20 FO 14 20 FB 43 1910:33 30 01 FO 00 07 FC 00 B7 16A3:C0 06 DO F4 20 2A CI AS ED
1670:14 C6 FD C6 FD AS FC 38 3D 1918: 0C 7E 00 0F BE 00 0F DE D3 16AB:1E 0A OA 65 IE 65 IE AA 6E
167B:E9 BO BS FC B0 02 G6 FD S3 1920:00 0F EE 00 OF EE 00 07 2F 16B3:A3 00 BD 8C 08 99
1630:20 IB 15 20 31 15 20 97 DD 1928:FC 00 01 FO 00 00 00 00 08 16BB:E8 C8 C0 06 DO F4
1638:15 20 F0 14 20 FB li A5 65 1933:00 00 00 00 00 33 00 00 62 16C3:C1 A5 IE 8D 3B 05
1690:FC 38 E9 IB 85 FC BO 02 3B 1938:00 00 00 00 30 00 00 00 6A 16CB:A9 AS A0 8C A2 00
169B:C6 FD 20 IB 15 20 31 15 FD 1940:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 72 1603:84 03 A0 00 AS 78
16A0:20 97 15 20 F0 14 20 FB 7B 1948:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7A 16DB:C8 CO IB F0 02 00
16A8:14 20 IB 15 20 31 15 20 AB 1950:00 00 01 FO 00 07 FC 00 C7 16E3:A9 28 65 02 90 02
16B0:97 15 60 AD D6 11 8D 00 EA 1958:0F FE 00 0C 7E 00 0B 86 23 16EB;35 02 E8 E0 10 FO
1688:08 AD D7 11 8D 03 0B 23 90 1960:00 0F FA 00 OF FE 00 07 31 16F3:D0 OS 60 A9 00 85 7E
74 COMPUTEI's Gaietta April 1989
06
00
63
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35
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28
COMPUTEI's Gazene April 1989 75
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Dl
Program 2: GeoConvsner
HE 10 REM COPYRIGHT 1988 COMPU
TEl PUBLICATIONS, INC. -
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
XG 20 REM THIS IS THE UPDATED
{SPACE JGEOCONVERTER
{8 SPACES]REVISED MAY IS
SUE 1988 GAZETTE
AC 30 POKE 53280, 0:POKE 53281,
0:POKE 646,5:PRIHTCHR$(1
42) ;CHRS(147)
PS 40 FORI=>lTO10:PRlNT"{DOWNr'
SNEXT
DX 50 PRINTTAB(5) "i4>yDI COPVR
IGHT 1988"
SP 60 PRINTTAfl{5) "GCH COMPUTE!
PUBLICATIONS INC."
SP 70 PRINTTABtS) "JFK ALL RICH
TS reserved{home}"
EP 80 PRINT" [DOWN) {RVSH 8 }GEOC
ONVERTER 1. 1 {OFF} {DOWN)
tGRNj"
AP 90 INPUT"FILE TO CONVERT "fG
F$
CX 100 PRINT" {DOWN)SEARCHING F
OR "GFS
PA 110 HD5="":F0R 1=1 TO 4!REA
D HE;HDS=KDS+CHR${HE) :N
EXT
FK 120 FOR I="1T05:READIE:IDS=I
D$+CHRS{IE) SNRXT
GD 130 NLS="";T5=CHR$(18) :SS=C
HRS(l) :OPEN 15, 8, 15, "10
:":0PEN 2,8,2,"*"
JX 140 GOSUB370:GBT t2,NT$,NS5
KB 150 FOR E=0 TO 7
KQ 150 D$=NLS;GET#2,B5:I=1:IFB
$=NL$ THEN220
AX 170 IF ASC(BS)<:>130 THEN220
HM 180 GETI2,HT$,HSS: I=3;IF HS
5 = 1111 .j^gjj HSS = CHRS(0)
PH 190 GET#2,B5:I=I+1:IF BS=""
THEN BS=CHRS (0)
FA 200 IF ASC(B$)=160 THEN220
GD 210 D$=D$+BS:GOTO190
RK 220 FOR 1=1 TO 31;GET#2,B5s
NEXT
AX 230 IF DS=GF9 TKEN260
EC 240 NEXT E:IF NTS=ML$ THEM2
60
FX 250 T$=NTS:S$=NSS:GOTO140
CR 260 IE" DS = HL$ THEHPRINT"
{dowmHrvs}file not fou
nd{off]":goto360
CP 270 PRINT" (D0WN}C0NVERTING
{ SPACE )"GFS
MJ 280 DT$=TS:0SS=SS:TS=HT5:S$
=HSS:GOSUB370
MB 290 GET#2,MTS,MSS:IF MS5-""
THEN KS$aCHR${0)
FOR I=a TO 6
:NEXT
GETit2,CT$,GT
PRINTI2,HDS;
S=DTS:SS=DSS
FOR 1=0 TO 3
,B$:NEXT
PRINT#2,MT$;
TO 15:GET(2
PRINTt2,HTS;
;GTS;
PRINT#2,IDS;
RINT!PRINTGF
D"
CL0SE2!CL0SE
U$="U1";GOTO
US="U2"
PRINTtl5,US;
"0") ;ASC(SS+
RETURN
DATA 0,255,3
,0,0
5: GET #2,BS
5:GOSUB378!
!GOSUB380:T
:GOSU8370
Z*E+2:GET#2
MSS; :FORI=0
,B$:NEXT
HS$;CHRS (0)
!GOSUB380:P
S" CONVERTE
15:END
390
2;0fASC(T$+
"0")
,21,87,10,1
Making It Work: Trap
Article on page 15.
MM
10
BG
20
EE
30
XD
40
SK
50
PK 60
BF
70
HH
80
GJ
90
PA
100
DK
110
QH
120
SB
130
KR
140
CX
150
KQ
160
FC
170
HK
1B0
DF
190
DG
200
JK
210
FK
220
DF
230
PP
240
XO
250
HEM INITIALIZE VARIABLES
CO=54272:RD=5;REM COLOR
{SPACE} MEMORY OFFSET, NU
MBER OF ROUNDS
Sl=0:S2=0:REM PLAYER 1 A
ND 2'S SCORES
B=102:BC = 4:REf1 BORDER CH
ARACTER AND COLOR
Rl-81:C1=2:R2=4 2:C2=6:RE
M PLAYER 1 AND 2'S CHARA
CTERS, COLORS
BS="PRESS A FIRE BUTTON
{SPACEJTO PLAY"
CS="{36 SPACES)"
REM
REM INITIALIZE VARIABLES
FOR EACH ROUND
P1=1474:P2=1494:REM INI
TIAL SCREEN POSITIONS O
F PLAYERS
P3=1:P4=-1:REM INITIAL
{SPACE} POSITIONAL INCRE
MENTS FOR BOTH PLAYERS
SCa0:REM SCORE COUNTER
REM
PRINT"{CLR)":REK SET UP
PLAYFIELD
POKE53281,15:POKE53280,
15: REM SCREEN COLOR
REM DRAW BORDER
FOR 1=1064 TO 1064+39:P
OKE I+CO,BC;P0KE I,B:NE
XT! REM TOP
FOR 1=1944 TO 1944+39:P
OKE I+CO,BC:POKE I,B:NE
XT: REM BOTTOM
FOR 1=1104 TO 1904 STEP
40:POKE I+C0,BC!POKE I
,B: NEXT: REM LEFT SIDE
FOR I31143 TO 1943 STEP
40:POKE I+C0,BC:POKE I
,B:NEXT:REM RIGHT SIDE
REM DISPLAY PLAYER SCOR
E
print"Chome} (red}
{2 spaces)player 1
{14 spaces}sc0re:"s1
print"{23 down){blu)
{2 spaces)player 2
{14 spaces)sc0re:"s2;
IF RD=a THEN 560: REM EN
D OF GAME?
POKE C0+P1,C1:P0KE P1,R
l:POKE C0+P2,C2;POKE P2
,R2:REM POSITION EACH P
LAYER
CM 260 PRINT" {HOME) {4 DOWN)"SP
CC2) "R0UND"5-RD+l;"
(LEFT}: ";B$
JP 270 GOSOB 640: REM CHECK FIR
E BUTTONS
JH 280 PRINT"(H0ME){4 DOWN)"SP
C(2)CS
DQ 290 REM
GG 300 REM GAME LOOP
SH 310 Jl=15-(PEEK(56321}AND15
) : IF J1=0 THEN 360
FJ 320 IF Jl"l THEN P3«>-40:GOT
0 360:REM #1 JOYSTICK U
P
XS 330 IF Jl=2 THEN P3=40:GOTO
360: REM *1 DOWN
XK 340 IF Jl=4 THEN P3=-1:G0T0
360:REM #1 LEFT
PH 350 IF Jl^S THEN P3=1:REM I
1 RIGHT
BH 360 P1=P1+P3:REM UPDATE PLA
YER 1 POSITION
PP 370 IF PEEK(Pl)<>32 THEN W=
2:G0TO S10:REM #1 COLLI
SION?
XF 380 POKE P1+C0,C1:P0KE P1,R
1:REM NO, SO MOVE #1
GD 390 J2=15- (PEEK{56320) AND15
) :IE J2 = 0 THEN 440
AD 400 IF J2=l THEN P4=-40:GOT
0 44 0: REM «2 UP
G>\ 4111 IP .13 = 2 THEN P4 = 40!GOTO
4 40: REM #2 DOWN
GD 420 IF J2=4 THEN P4=-1:G0T0
440:REM S2 left
RX 430 IF J2=8 THEN P4=1;REM I
2 RIGHT
DX 440 P2=P2+P4:REM UPDATE PLA
YER 2 POSITION
CR 450 IF PEEK(P2)<>32 THEN W=
1:GOTO 510:REM #2 COLLI
SION?
MK 460 POKE P2+CO,C2!POKE P2,R
2: REM NO, SO MOVE »2
DX 470 SC=SC+1:REM UPDATE SCOR
E COUNTER
BR 480 GOTO 310:REM NEXT MOVE
JJ 490 REM
SC 500 REM COLLISION, SO UPDAT
E SCORE
EP 510 IF W=l THEN S1=S1+SC*10
+10:GOTO 530: REM #1 SCO
RES
JS 520 S2=S2+SC*10+ia:REM #2 S
CORES
RC 530 FOR 1=1 TO 750:NEXT:RD=
RD-1:G0T0 100: REM DELAY
, NEXT ROUND
XP 540 REM
SM 550 REM GAME OVER
XS 560 PRINT"{HOME} {10 DOWN)"S
PC (15) "GAME OVER"
JR 570 IF S1=S2 THEN PRINTSPC(
14) "IT'S A TIE!":GOTO 6
00:REM TIE
SP 5B0 W=1:IF S2>S1 THEN W=2
QS 590 PRINTSPC(13)"PLAYER"W"W
I NS 1 "
JF 600 PRINTSPC(3)"{D0WN)"BS"
(SPACE) AG A IN"
FF 610 GOSUB 64 0: RUN: REM NEXT
(SPACE)GAME
RA 620 REM
QK 630 REM FIRE BUTTON ROUTINE
PB 640 J1=PEEK(56321) ^ND 16:J
2 = PEEK(5fi320) AND 16:IF
Jl=16 AND J2-16 THEN 6
40
PX 650 RETURN
76 COMPUTE'S Gazette April 19B9
ADVERTISERS INDEX
H»sd«« S«rv)e* HmibalMnrttacr
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lor CompiilAtjkty ,
100 Oompulor DirfiCl ....,.,,.
100 Ccrnp^w Hwon
110 Cr^jitivo Micro Deslgr^t, inc. . . <
Crcrwn CLtstoni Covflfa
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113 Dste( Computers
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iia"nw Experts
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■1 1 T Gosselin Computer OwaiJanW
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IMSutHogs
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Tektonica Plua. he. ...,-.,
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141 Woaseigr'P'i™ .^^^^^^^^^^^_w^^^^
Page
. 7B-79
39
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COMPUTE''* Ait^iQa Resource ........
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MAIL TO:
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Change of Address: Ptease advise as early as
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(Foreign subscribers please add $6.00 per year (or
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. Payment enclosed
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Commmunications Technology Breakthrough
^ 2400 Baud "Hayes Compatible" Modem
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■ ^ ■ ^^* "^^ ($ 1 ] 0.'^' ea for 7 or more)
For other subscription questions or problems,
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No RS-232 Interface Required
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Also Works With Standard RS232 Computers Like IBM, Apple, Etc,
Free Communication Software
Free Customer Support
Auto Answer/Auto Dial
Touch Tone/Rotary Dial
2400/1200/300
LED Display Pane!
Call Progress/Speaker
Non-Voiatile Memory
Easy-to-Use Manual
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Extended 'AT' Command Set
Two (2) Year Warranty
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21700 Norttiwestern Hwy
Suite 1185
Souttifield, Ml 48075
Modem tor S129,ss + S7.^ Stiipping
+ $7.w (or CaMe
Otter Expires 6/30/89.
MAb Checks w mofwy orders
payable to Digital Data Systems
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Cover CI 2 9 9
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Dnve Box 27
Final CMW5BV3 49
MsholRuslnlrlxg 59
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Joystick Super 3 Wa^ 25
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Mousepdd S
Pawr Bjtiner Coicus satri 1 0
Po^er Suppf/-C12flR0p3iraE)le 55
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Quick Brown Box 32X 79
CuicK Brown But e4K 99
RGB tn nCA Cable 9
nS232 Dciuie Intirtace 39
Btblions lor Printer Call
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Anatomy of tr» If 41 Smk 1 7
Basic 7.D Iniernals Book 1 9
Baiic 7.0 lor CI 26 Book 1 0
Beginner's Guide to BASIC 6 1 5
CI 28 Assembly Lai^oa{^ Prog Book 1 4
CI 28 Inienals* 17
C128Pio^ammer'3 net. Book 2D
C128 Tips 8 Tricks Book 17
Ct 26 TioutHe^^otlng i Repair Book 1 7
C64BaslcProjrimmi(i5 25
C64 Programmer's fietorenco Guide 1 7
C04 Tips 4 Tricks' 17
C64Tr(!o»lesf!ooli flepair Guide 17
CS4;i26MmCilylang. Prog Book 14
GEDSGelMostBook 9
GEOSInsnJeSOul' 17
GEOS Programmer's Bef.Goide 17
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Hoi id Prcflram in BASiC 24
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Mac rwne Linguigi e 4 Book 1 3
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TwinCitiesl26 Compentfum 1 1 5
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Sopertase 64 29
SprtusaJSpiurpirBoo)! 1 28 PAX 69
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Swittcalc 1 2 6 wfSiitew ays 39
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linkwofd: freocfi 19
Lin kmord: French 2 19
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Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing 30
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Boston Bartender's Guide 1 2
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MK Great t^fsd PBS Ml 12
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Muscle Development Package 54
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BenegadeCopter V2 29
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Jeopardy 2 1 2
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AMD PnH ol RailAnct 29
BjtiiKhip 2<
Gsvoman Ugh'lymplM ,i , . < , i 22
Doutllt DiJO*! . , i7
LOft) of Itw Rising Sun .... ?5
MonopJ/ C64 i*
Newromancer . . ?9
Owrauon WDtl 29
Piasow 2^
Pttwerplay Hocl!ty !<
Bwpase ^^
ncchst Rangei !?
liDg«[ Rabni "I ^
Scrabljti 26
Stmples . 29
Skale K 0;! 22
TV Sports rcKilMll . . 15
Three Sioogts ... ... 27
UltimjV .. 4?
Ix.i\ Macrakin 25
loom 22
Buy any 3 of the above titlet
and deduct S5 from your order tolall
Offer until 3/31/69.
1S4tf1S7f
DRfvc AiivrimeaT
1541/1571 Drive ARgrtment
This excellent alignment program is a must have
(or every Commodore owner. Easy to use, it helps
you to align your drive so that it runs just as it it
were newl The simple instructional manual and
on-screen help prompt you thru the alignment
procedure and help you ad|ust the speed and head
stop of your drives. It even includes instructions
on how to load the alignment program when
nothing else will load. Don't be caught short! We
get more RED LABEL orders lor this program, then
any ofhar program we sell. Save yourself the
expense! Grder now, keep it in your library and
use the 1541/1571 Drive Alignment program
regularlyl! Works on the C64, 01 28, and SX64 foe
both the 1541 and 1571 drives.
STILL ONLY $25.00
SKETCHPAD 128
Brand new from Free Spirit, Sketchpad 1 28 fully
supports your C1 2S and takes advantage of its
crisp 80 column graphics capabilities. It is packed
with all the features of a professional drawing
package such as drawing SMOOTTi freehand lines,
3D Solids, creating Slideshows, Cut & Paste, Clip,
Flip, Enlarge, Shaded Fill Patterns, a variety o1
Fonts, Air Brush and more! It supports Prints hop
graphics and is completely compatible with all
BASIC 8 files.
Sketchpad 1 ZB unleashes the graphics power ot
your 0128! 11 supports your 1351 f^ouse, fi'lK
Video Chip, 1581 drive and BO column display.
What more could any real C1ZB met atk for?
ONLY $24.00
BHiWALL
SOLID PRODUCTS & SOLID SUPPORT
POBox 129/58 NotJie Street
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Tofl-Free 24 Hour Order Line
1-600-638-5757
24 Hour Order Line Outside USA
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24 Hour FAX Line ■ 1-21S-6B3-8567
Customer Service - 1 215-663 5433
Technical Support 1-215-683 5699
PLEASE COME VISIT USl
Monday - Friday 9AI;< 6PM EST
Saturday 9AM - 12 Noon EST
Wrfle or Can lor our
GftEAT AM6A OR £64/0128 CATALOG
BASIC 8
IS BACK!!
IHEW PACKAGINGI
IHEW SUPPORTI
This popular package adds extensive BO column
graphics capabilities to your CI 28. A must (or
CI 28 programmers! As an added bonus several
preprogammed BASIC 8 applications, such as
BASIC PAINT, WRITE and CALC, are Included on
the flip side!
Tirt*V'*^jC JUST $29
NEWS MAKER 128
Finally somebody (Free Spirit Software) has
introduced a desk top publishing program for the
1 28 in lis native model Take a few moments to
think about what should be included! Would you
like the crisp & clear 80 column screen? Would
you like to zip across the screen with a 1351
mouse? Could you use a Ram Disk that can store
multi-page documents & graphics available at the
click 01 a mouse? Also how about storing up to 45
fonts in the Ram [Jsk lor instant access? How
about if you could use Print Shop graphics directly
from the Print Shop disk? Also be able to use
pictures and graphics created with Sketchpad 1 28
and Basic 8.0. Would you prefer graphic tools that
would allow you to draw custom art directly? How
about supporting 2 text modes and 9 font sizes?
Pour sequential tiles into columns? Adjust
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ONLY $24.00
C126D (or 64K video) and
BO column monitor
m
SCREEN
Create increditile prtsentatians uilng 100,000
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a nl mated scripts using the most powerful CB4
editor ever created.
OUR PRICE $25
leON FAOniY
Convert, Enlarge, Alter, Enhance, Crop, Invert,
Flip. Reduce and even Smooth graphics with this
great graphics conversion utility.
OUR PRICE $25
"Optimize" your Hi -Res graphics producing
hardcopy with FOUR TIMES the resolution of
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OUR PRICE $19
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u CIDERS rewted txhtt 3I>M EST MX oeinaiiy c>: slafWM ume a Mil Dusinm dtr On 0( Siocii
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For ytrur twuen-snco. you can plact ) ptiont Ciri)8< 7i HOUftS/r OAYS A WEEK on our TOLLFBEE LIME
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DEFECTIVE Hems, Hardware itsms and Special Or^r Itoms wi» de replacei;! witri the same itern oily.
TEOHKAL IUm»T
Wc (to our lery Ijesi 10 help you wilh your product s«!isc lions. tieloiB you ontet and alter yuu tocelve yooi
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MINIMODEM-C™ 1200 baud modem only $79^5
What's included? Everything! You don't need to worry about
cables, compatibility or anything else! The Aprotek Minimodem-C™
plugs directly into your Commodore C-64, C-64C or C-1 28 USER port.
It is unique in that it has two separate (switchafate) emulation modes
(Hayes and Commodore 1670* )
to mai<e it compatible with
ALL available software. The
Minimodem-C'" is a full feature,
300/1200BaudmodemwithAuto
Answer, Auto Dial, Touch-Tone or
rotarydialing.hasstatuslightsand
a built-in speaker. Just plug it into
your computer and standard
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cable. Minimodem-C" is supplied witti terminal disk software and
includes a free trial subscription to CompuServe.
Doyouhavemorethanonecomputerordoyoupiantogotanother
computer? We have your solution. Simply order our new Corn-
Modem'" adapter (#5100) along with Aprotek f^inimodem-H'"
which you can use with any computer that has a RS-232 serial port
as well as with your Commodore. Aprotek Minimodems"' are tiny.
Only 4%" long, 2%" wide and %" high. Our highly integrated,
state-of-the-art circuitry makes this modem the best on the market
and a very smart buy.
Built with pride in the USA and fully guaranteed for 1 year.
Order yours todayl
Order # Item Qty Price Shipping Total
6212 MINIMOOEIM-C (CommodoreJ 79.95
6214 MINIMODEM-H (RS-232) 89,95
Modem shipping— Cont. US S6,00; UPS Blue, CAW, AK, HI, APO S10.00
The Original Aprospand-64™
Gives your Commodore 64 or 128 full
expandabilitylThissuperblydesigned
expansionmoduleplugsintotheexpan-
sion port and gives you fourswilchahle
expansion connectors— plus fuse
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you buy an expander, be surethat it has
a fuse to protect your computer.
Order #5064 ONLY $29.95 + S&H
UNIVERSAL RS-232 INTERFACE
Connect and commu nicate with any
ofthepopularRS-232peripheralsusing
your Commodore USER Port . You can
now connect to printers, modems and
any other RS-232 device. Comes com-
plete Viiith sample driver program list-
ings. Compatible with all Commodore
home computers with a USER port.
1-year warranty.
Order #5232 $39.95 + s&H
"COM-MODEM" ADAPTER — PlugdirectlyintoyoufUSERport
and connect 10 any RS-232 modem. Oitfer #5100 . , S19.9S -t- S&H
"USER EXTENDER" — lO"Ribbon cable extender for your
Commodore USER port. Order #5250 $21.95 + S&H
Com 6 Pin Serial Cable (5fi) #3006-5fvlM $9.95, (Bft) f>3006-BMM $11.95
Shippingpereachaboveit<!m:Conl,US = ».Can,PR,HI,AK,APO,tJPSBIue =S6
SEE YOUH LOCAL COMMODORE DEALER OR ORDER DIRECT,
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$298
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COMMODORE I2S - 20 PC.
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OUTFIT INCLUDES: ConwmdorE 128 KeYboerd
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^^1 Y^ Machine Language Entry Program
For Commodore 64 and 128
Ottis R. Cowper WtKK^^^^^^^M
"MLX" Is a labor-saving utility that
allows almost fail-safe entry of
macltine language programs. Included
are versions for the Commodore 64
and 128.
Type in and save some copies of which-
ever version of MLX is appropriate for
your computer (you'll want to use it to
enter future ML programs from COM-
PUTEt's GAZETTE). Program 1 is for the
Commodore 64, and Program 2 is for
the 128 (128 MLX can also be used to
enter Commodore 64 ML programs for
use in 64 mode). When you're ready to
enter an ML program, load and run
MLX. It asks you for a starting address
and an ending address. These addresses
appear in the article accompanying the
MLX-format program listing you're
typing.
If you're unfamiliar with machine
language, the addresses (and all other
values you enter in MLX) may appear
strange. Instead of the usual decimal
numbers you're accustomed to, these
numbers are in hexadecimal — a base 16
numbering system commonly used by
ML programmers. Hexadecimal — hex
for short — includes the numerals 0-9
and the letters A-F. But don't worry —
even if you know nothing about ML or
hex, you should have no trouble using
MLX.
After you enter the starting and
ending addresses, you'll be offered the
option of clearing the workspace.
Choose this option if you're starting to
enter a new listing. If you're continuing
a listing that's partially typed from a
previous session, don't choose this
option.
A functions menu will appear. The
first option in the menu is ENTER
DATA. If you're just starting to type in
a program, pick this. Press the E key,
and type the first number in the first
line of the program listing. If you've al-
ready typed in part of a program, type
the line number where you left off ty'p-
ing at the end of the previous session
(be sure to load the partially completed
program before you resume entry). In
any case, make sure the address you en-
ter corresponds to the address of a line
in the listing you are entering. Other-
wise, you'll be unable to enter the data
correctly. If you pressed E by mistake,
you can return to the command menu
by pressing RETURN alone when
asked for the address. (You can get back
to the menu from most options by
pressing RETURN with no other input.)
Entering A Listing
Once you're in Enter mode, MLX prints
the address for each program line for
you. You then type in all nine numbers
on that line, beginning with the first
two-digit number after the colon (:).
Each line represents eight data bytes
and a checksum. Although an MLX-
format listing appears similar to the
"hex dump" listings from a machine
language monitor program, the extra
checksum number on the end allows
MLX to check your typing. (Commo-
dore 128 users can enter the data from
an MLX listing using the built-in moni-
tor if the rightmost column of data is
omitted, but we recommend against it.
It's much easier to let MLX do the proof-
reading and error checking for you.)
When you enter a line, MLX recal-
culates the checksum from the eight
bytes and the address and compares
this value to the number from the ninth
column. If the values match, you'll hear
a bell tone, the data will be added to the
workspace area, and the prompt for the
next line of data will appear. But if MLX
detects a typing error, you'll hear a low
buzz and see an error message. The line
will then be redisplayed for editing.
Invalid Characters Banned
Only a few keys are active while you're
entering data, so you may have to un-
learn some habits. You do not type
spaces between the columns; MLX
automatically inserts these for you. You
do not press RETURN after typing the
last number in a line; MLX automatical-
ly enters and checks the line after you
type the last digit.
Only the numerals 0-9 and the let-
ters A-F can be typed in. If you press
any other key (with some exceptions
noted beiow), you'll hear a warning
buzz. To simplify typing, 128 MLX re-
defines the function keys and + and —
keys on the numeric keypad so that you
can enter data one-handed. (The 64
version incorporates the keypad modi-
fication from the March 1986 "Bug-
Swatter" column, lines 485-487.) In
either case, the keypad is active only
while entering data. Addresses must be
entered with the normal letter and
number keys. The figures at>ove show
the keypad configurations for each
version.
MLX checks for transposed charac-
ters. If you're supposed to type in AO
and instead enter OA, MLX will catch
your mistake. There is one error that
64 MLX Keypad
4
U
6
O
2
K
M
I
F
P
D
/
0
Space
128 MLX Keypad
A
(Fl)
B
(F3>
C
(F5)
D
(FT}
7
B
9
G
4
5
6
F
(-)
1
2
3
E
N
T
E
R
0
•
can slip past MLX: Because of the
checksum formula used, MLX won't
notice if you accidentally type FF in
place of 00, and vice versa. And there's
a very slim chance that you could gar-
ble a line and still end up with a combi-
nation of characters that adds up to the
proper checksum. However, these mis-
takes should not occur if you take rea-
sonable care while entering data.
Editing Features
To correct typing mistakes before fin-
ishing a line, use the INST/DEL key to
delete the character to the left of the
cursor. (The cursor-left key also de-
letes.) If you mess up a line really badly,
press CLR/HOME to start the line over.
The RETURN key is also active, but
only before any data is typed on a line.
Pressing RETURN at this point returns
you to the command menu. After you
type a character of data, MLX disables
RETURN until the cursor returns to the
start of a line. Remember, you can press
CLR/HOME to quickly get to a line
COMPUTEIS Gazette April 1989 81
number prompt.
More editing features are available
when correcting lines in which MLX
has detected an error. To make correc-
tions in a line that MLX has redisplayed
for editing, compare the line on the
screen with the one printed in the list-
ing, then move the cursor to the mis-
take and type the correct key. The
cursor left and right keys provide the
normal cursor controls. (The INST/
DEL key now works as an alternative
cursor-left key.) You cannot move left
beyond the first character in the Sine, If
you try to move beyond the rightmost
character, you'll reenter the line. Dur-
ing editing, RETURN is active; pressing
it tells MLX to recheck the line. You can
press the CLR/HOME key to clear the
entire line if you want to start from
scratch, or if you want to get to a line
number prompt to use RETURN to get
back to the menu.
Display Data
The second menu choice, DISPLAY
DATA, examines memory and shows
the contents in the same format as the
program listing (including the check-
sum). When you press D, MLX asks you
for a starting address. Be sure that the
starting address you give corresponds
to a line number in the listing. Other-
wise, the checksum display will be
meaningless, MLX displays program
lines until it reaches the end of the pro-
gram, at which point the menu is redis-
played. You can pause the display by
pressing the space bar. (MLX finishes
printing the current line before halting.)
Press space again to restart the display.
To break out of the display and get back
to the menu before the ending address
is reached, press RETURN.
Other Menu Options
Two more menu selections let you save
programs and load them back into the
computer. These are SAVE FILE and
LOAD FILE; their operation is quite
straightforward. When you press S or L,
MLX asks you for the filename. You'll
then be asked to press either D or T to
select disk or tape.
You'll notice the disk drive starting
and stopping several times during a
load or save (save only for the 128 ver-
sion). Don't panic; this is normal be-
havior, MLX opens and reads from or
writes to the file instead of using the
usual LOAD and SAVE commands
(128 MLX makes use of BLOAD). Disk
users should also note that the drive
prefix 0: is automatically added to the
filename (line 750 in 64 MLX), so this
should not be included when entering
the name. This also precludes the use of
@ for Save-with-Replace, so remember
to give each version you save a different
name. The 128 version makes up for
this by giving you the option of scratch-
ing the existing file if you want to reuse
a filename.
Remember that MLX saves the en-
tire workspace area from the starting
address to the ending address, so the
save or load may take longer than you
might expect if you've entered only a
small amount of data from a long list-
ing. When saving a partially completed
listing, make sure to note the address
where you stopped typing so you'll
know where to resume entry when you
reload.
MLX reports the standard disk or
tape error messages if any problems are
detected during the save or load. (Tape
users should bear in mind that Commo-
dore computers are never able to detect
errors during a save to tape.) MLX also
has three special load error messages:
INCORRECT STARTING ADDRESS,
which means the file you're trying to
load does not have the starting address
you specified when you ran MLX;
LOAD ENDED AT address, which
means the file you're trying to load
ends before the ending address you
specified when you started MLX; and
TRUNCATED AT ENDING AD-
DRESS, which means the file you're
trying to toad extends beyond the end-
ing address you specified when you
started MLX, If you see one of these
messages and feel certain that you've
loaded the right file, exit and rerun
MLX, being careful to enter the correct
starting and ending addresses.
The 128 version also has a CATA-
LOG DISK option so you can view the
contents of the disk directory before
saving or loading.
The QUIT menu option has the ob-
vious effect — it stops MLX and enters
BASIC. The RUN/STOP key is dis-
abled, so the Q option lets you exit the
program without turning off the com-
puter. (Of course, RUN/STOP-RE-
STORE also gets you out.) You'll be
asked for verification; press Y to exit to
BASIC, or any other key to return to the
menu. After quitting, you can type
RUN again and reenter MLX without
losing your data, as long as you don't
use the clear workspace option.
The Finished Product
When you've finished typing all the
data for an ML program and saved your
work, you're ready to see the results.
The instructions for loading and using
the finished product vary from program
to program. Some ML programs are de-
signed to be loaded and run like BASIC
programs, so all you need to type is
LOAD "filename",^ for disk (DLOAD
"filename" on the 128) or LOAD "file-
name" for tape, and then RUN. Such
programs will usually have a starting
address of 0801 for the 64 or ICOl for
the 128. Other programs must be re-
loaded to specific addresses with a com-
mand such as LOAD "fileitame", 8,1 for
disk (BLOAD "filename" on the 128) or
LOAD "filename", 1,1 for tape, then
started with a SYS to a pariicular mem-
ory address. On the Commodore 64,
the most common starting address for
such programs is 49152, which corre-
sponds to MLX address CO 00. In either
case, you should always refer to the ar-
ticle which accompanies the ML lisHng
for information on loading and running
the program.
An Ounce Of Prevention
By the time you finish typing in the data
for a long ML program, you may have
several hours invested in the project.
Don't take chances — use our "Auto-
matic Proofreader" to type the new
MLX, and then test your copy thorough-
ly before first using it to enter any sig-
nificant amount of data. Make sure all
the menu options work as they should.
Enter fragments of the program starting
at several different addresses, then use
the Display option to verify that the
data has been entered correctly. And be
sure to test the Save and Load options
several times to ensure that you can re-
call your work from disk or tape. Don't
let a simple typing error in the new
MLX cost you several nights of hard
work.
Program 1: MUt For Commodore
64
SS 10 REM VERSION 1.1: LINES 8
30,950 MODIFIED, LItiES 4
B5-4B7 ADDED
POKE S6,50iCLRtDIM IN$ ,
I,J,A,B,A5,B$,A(7J,NS
C4=48iC6"16lC7=7 i22=2tZ
4»254:Z5"255!Z6=256iZ7=
127
PA=PEEK ( 45 ) +Z6 *PEEK ( 46 )
!BS=PEEKC55)+Z6*PEEK{56
) iH5=''0123456789ABCDEP"
RS=CHR? ( 13 ) sL$=" [LEFT I "
!SS»" "!D$=CHR5{20}iZ$«
CHRS(0) iT$-"{13 RIGHT}"
SD"54272iFOR I-SD TO SD
+23 I POKE I,0iNEXT!POKE
(SPACE JSD+24, 15 sPOKE 78
8,52
PRItfT " (CLR) "CHR$ (142 )CH
R5(8):POKE 53280, 15:P0K
E 53281,15
PRINT TS" [REDKrvSI
[2 SP/^CESlis @|
{2 SPACES) "SPC( 28)"
(2 SPACES }( OFF ){BLU} ML
X II Ered1[rvs1
(2 SPACES3"SPCt29)"
J 12 SPACES HBLU!"
FR 170 PRINT"E3 DOWN)
[3 SP ACES} COMPUTE! "S MA
CHINE LANGUAGE EDITOR
{ 3 DOWN ) "
JB 130 PRI NT "{BLK} STARTING ADD
EK
100
DM
110
CJ
120
SB
130
CO
140
PC
150
EJ
160
82 COMPUTErs Gaiem Apnl 1989
FOR COMMODORE 64/1 28
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?
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?
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Sf ip F'Dker
18 97
Pokei [3«S3 Oi$k 1
12 SI
Pcu> OtU OA 2
1297
PettrDutMl
12 57
Su^vtHaiei
25 97
5>ve<i»sei2e
31 97
SupcitHse IHs OOQk
13 97
Swetsaipil'
22 95
Sw«ai«l28
2597
mSKHaMriJtCnpSn]
097
IlPBooHCeilmtileShooi
1197
tit SiUklC6l5ma Prog
. 997
*T>rro«ia
1997
I«> Ow C 121 CuKwa lBoi*l
1195
VmtnlEn^t
i>9r
*Wir « MikM Ek«i
31 97
Wuiidry Sir Tooi
2197
WiJurtlry 2
24 97
2m»
19 97
ACCESSORIES
tM171S»j;Ci&,
iSi
IWl 7IPtM«CW*
195
CiMnSSUgMsrOMtCsiorl
795
C-IM RGB Moot* C*«lCon»l
595
CMColoiMoniloiCOfd
195
38 94
C'l29neimtwl>ewSi«>r
»95
BS-232 Herlice lOmfwancii
.W»i
WW 35C Phnwr Wtrljcs
19.95
Aprwpand 61
27 95
AprospArtd Ejlenoer C*-*
15 95
791)5
AfepW* Us« Pwt EstfKSH Cl*i*
li91
C*r.TjdOre 1 (TOUMeml 1 200 BloO
69 95
Ccmnuitore 1 7«4 B«m Ejpiinim
12995
Cnnnnibe 1151 Mouse
37 m
UmmMok*
5 95
UaMWn
695
*«i»^XbP.1C4i
19 9»
C»r(4itoHjndH
695
On* Muter
40
1541 Oust Cotur
195
1611 IIDusiCow
B«
1571 DoS Cow
695
C^lDuBClM.
.9!r',
C-SIC DiSl Cij.tr
8.94
C12>[)WC!l»»r
995
C.126D0u!ICD«er
1395
CkSk Notdw-Squwc Cj!
4 95
525- [>»[>»« aim
595
10 Cm Osl SuiH
19!
50Cnil»k5loi.9«
695
too Cnl D4k S10i4g« n Lock
1295
eOCntjrDnkSloi vUlck
915
SJi'DitliUliell-BeoS
100
5 25[lSPPBwtfOelDlit>
39
525OSDt)OlM»»i0com
79
WMiPrBBMlOOmBBa
lOO
Tyvefc Slee«s-«(gn QuaWy
ea 09
S* Sl*-J<j)5fck
6.95
0»ck SntJl It-JjfBick
. 7 95
lK2-Jl7rS«i
1095
Ijc3Joya>»
1195
Tooch-I Staft Smp
8.95
SunBm ksn TroHe.
1(.94
Surge Prcrtedor Pow« Pad
3895
• ALL ITEMS CARRYING THIS STAR WERE NOT RELEASED ATTHE TIME OF AD SUBMISStON. PLEASE CALL FOR AVAILABILITY
1541 RAMBOard*
Byte The Copy Protection buUet!
Lets face il - wa^ rs heH. And in tt\e Commodore world, one
of Iho ug'iest wara Of all is bemgi waged by ihe copy proteciion
industry. They' re Toug^i They're cEovor. And t^yre very, very
dotcmmed IT you've sgen some of Eha current ice out there-
you krww just how tJele^mmed Ihoy are. We', wltc |u$t as
dcTerm-ned And wo ve gol a way lo walk ngtit through the
coldest ICG out ifvere
WMal's our socfOl? The new RAfwlBOafd, a small card Ihnl
can easHy be instnUed m your 154t ^n 5 minuld^ using [ust a
acrowdnver Wifh this remark^'ib^O piece ot ftrmwaro m ptaco,
backup hassles aro a thing of Ihe pasit
RAMBOard gives you speed - 1\ comes bundled with a JasT
copier that cari archive an unproieded data ctisk \n ui^der 60
seconds RAM0Oard gives you power - wotkmg with our
dynamic f^avencK software, RAMBOaid will bacM up programs
thai other syslems cant even scratch the surface Ol. Besl of
all, RAMBOard won't become obsolete - when newer, even
lougtier proteciion schemes come along. weH create new
MavfifJC RAM&Oard parameters to cut nghi through Them
Backed by our famous RAD, you know ihat we n cJo whatever
t\ tjikos to keep RAMBOard opOfating behind enemy lines!
Gol your RAMOOard loday. And Ihe next lime tiome com-
pany tries lo charge you for an -aulfionzed" backup of a prog-
ram you've alfeady paid for. remnd Ihem Ihjit war IS heU -
and you know hov^ to rat$e a littie hell o' your own
1541 &1541CRAMBOard/ONLY$34.95
In Most Cases. Phgs Right In-NO Soldering Required
154111 RAMBOard/ONLY S44,95
This Version DOES Require Soldering
Protesionai InsM^iation Aviniiib'e-Coniact Us For Details
'RAMBOard Fs An Optional Accessory For Use Wtlh Maverick
SYSRES
Your Last Chance To Own A Ciassfc.
All good things must come to sin qnd- Thai's true Sor every-
Ifiipig. tocfuding software. The limo has come to say goodbye
to an old Inend - SYSRES, ific linest BASEC encfiancemeni
system ever crcaled for th ComrT>odcre computer
Software Support owns the exclusive rights to produce
SYSRES. Reluctantly, we ve decidctd lo stop producrng Ihcs
incrodJbEe program Why'' The simple tact is that most of the
serious BASIC programmersi out (hore already own SYSRES,
and there aron t enough new BASfC programmers entering
the arena to warrani the experise ol contrnued production of
SYSRES
If yau re one Ol Ihe lew senous BAS3C pfogfammers out
there who isn i yet using SYSRES. maytw you should taka »
look at some of these features."
■ Easy code entry with features like aulo line numbering,
enhanced key repeat, and fast up and down gcrolling of prog-
ram iitstir^gs'
• Macros any shitted key mny be set lo repfescnt any
BASIC or SYSRES KEYWORD All htes may bo Nsted, loaded
run^ copied, or scratt^hod by entering a two charjiclur command
in front of Iho Tile name listed in Ifto directoryl
• Fjnd Change any variable phr^Sfi or keyword used any-
wfitire in your program, Over 700 search vanatior^s are avatl-
able inc'iK^mg pattern matchmg wi)h wild cards and timitati-on
Symtxils. Now ycu can automatically remoipie Spaces and
REMS to streamline njn-time verstons of your programs!
List BASIC programs and relative and sequential files with-
out loading Ihnm'mlD memory firstf
• Edit text files ar>d as&embltsr source code without havirty
10 leave BASIC i
• Do a partial ronumlTer hitove a subroutine to a miore fogicaL
starting ptaco whiio [jre5ervir>g aiL other tine r^umbers ana trp-
da lino all irr>e releierKes^
• Debug with a variable speed TRACE. Display the current
and the live previous operation;!, Display variables as they
change or are defined: send the TftACE to the printer'
We haven't even scratched the surface of SYSRES. Vifith
features irke screen pnnt. multiple drve support, lull pnnter
Support, arxJ program merge capabilftJes. it's easy to see why
SYSRES IS the most comprehensrvc SASIC programmers' aid
pacJ<age ever produced. And just as comprflhensjve is the
profGSSionaJ documentation; over 1 10 pages, bound in an at-
^Lictive three rang bjnder You'll also be pTeased to know that
^SYSRES (3 UNprotected'
So there you have it II you use BASIC at all, this is the
enhar^emeni system that you need And thi> i$ absolutely
your last chance to own this claasic As a going away present,
weve oven cut the price in halfl Now there s no reason for
you to limp by on plain vanilla BASIC an'^ moro. Get SYSRES
ioday - artd get involved with some serious programming
power ''
SYSRES/NOW ONLY SI 9.95
While Limited SuppHes Lastf
MAVERICK *
A New Tool-From Some Old Friends
Vou itncw us Viiw\ cCipv iprciect'cn begar^ ihrow.^g i5i1 drive he^cs aui -ct a^'gnment. we gave you Kracker Sax. Wfien V-Ma^ reared
Its tigtj' tcad. we crealed Iha KrKfcer J ax £lil& s&jim. rtfien ine copy pJDteclion wars escslaied , we respontJcd wnh Btjii s-Eys and tfie Hackers
Uli% Ki1 And when you ii?Cii*ed ta ejcplcf e ttie mv$ie'jies d ccnvnerciai -grace prolectiw scrie.Ties. we were Iher q with Kiacker Jan Revealed
Nc* sl^fl ccpy oretectr&n indusJry f-as upped fhe ante again Tfwy AfC mvade it harder tihan ave* to msko li?9rt»mali& baciups el your eipenyve
sd-^a/e Oo ycu t'rk >o<j ift:?o'C i"*.*e to sper^ rrcr?', to Guy ■aulfoated' bjdiupi cf softufare that iou 0'b^ own'
N«nerOo*e
Inifodixifig M^M«oa , iifss be*i wMpm wo vc evr Ti«[>e !0 1^ you dtter^
rt has sduaiy r^siBoed evBfy tffw backup uiiny we ve e^er created T hut s right ■ Mawicli « now Iha OMY wchi^al software wo manu!aciur&
M ol our RiD aftarls go irrto making suro that Mavwick remains iho most powarful Dackup uWity svaitstrio < 'n^n ANV soyrco^ Take a look
^t some ol these Featurss
• NI&W-154T 1571 ^*,%^^a.l*\t^a^^^'att}f^iltecbor] • ^*nq\9v6u*\itAit<s*if>taaUiti3fm
• GCnE*ii!jfiar[r»eKpfl*ivrc*dh«*w ■ 30O- pfl;affn!»r4(orthoMlQijtf^tebseki«i**fc»
• NtW GEOS furccp^'-*o(*.sut«|p*d«kicip • CapaWe rt(4rc**v*igRatw*3kpo(«twn
• Err?rstaf>rw(witniirHqLW tectoretWoT • Single [>tt)uflit3r«enqfi speed flataccc-et
• OirKlwyediiorheipsyoyixganizeyousdJSks • EXCLUSIVE GEOS Mody* f'AflAUETERSaTOOt.S
• Wcrii»vMrihC-64C-i£a& iWt 1571 1SB1 rif^M'e5 • NEW— Diimpa(Drnnatledparain(?rB*calalogtcipfin[i>r
• Scrolling ML m(?rat-DTwi1HD"v&Mon • Byt&paRmKftnnerrwhiehspo&clEeardhBB
• EXL.liSIVFPopU,^r5wtfSC:ria^r service av**Jtil« • TftchwcaliyppttrtFromcjur jtfl»(»ipwf(5.
Ano t^rt "S just [tie twormng Our (uUffe pUits tof Mawerek 'mCkxlt oipsnded RAMBOlfa Biippm HAM wparawr modtM luppert, and wt*i
aiWi I&71 1 set i»ia&vt%ccpier« And Ml Oj*^*ioweSyt)*cfibef Pro-am y^
tWy rc rf 'eiwd'
Vot know u& Were ttie corvany that haj wofksd hard l^ ^tan to establuh an ironctsd cepul3i»n tar dvfiimic pfwMtt, Iw pricM, eno
*;upcr& cu slome! support Vic va atways tjeeri a part of fViJ past A/id .i s ■cmg a^, you h^ivu ycwr Commodo' o . wol .always be a part ol your future
Atlention: Registered Maverick owners!
Pa rsrnf tr Module = 1 is now aval \ib\i. Ofily $9.^5
UivifKi V2,0 Upgrade also avatlabte. Only 59.95
MAVERICK 2.0/ONLY $34.95
Notft Includes Pitrameler Modules 1. S. & 3'
■Mavericli Was Formerly Known As ' Rentgarle' From Kracker Jax
Not To Be Confused With The Game 01 Ttre Sam? Name
THE 1581 TOOLKIT
Without it, You Don't Know What You 1531 ts Capable Of
II blew people awny al tne "WOJld 01 Commodore Short^" he?d in Pennsylvania m November t988, It's pciwof
and scDpfl astonish nnyonir who sees il worit. And, i( ycu have a 15&1 dnvo, it is th& ainoifl most inipor1ar>t picco
of soltwaro that you cnri own. tj i$ Thu 15S1 Toolkit -nnd it witl transform your 1S01 irrto sonnathing romacltable.
Wo know the market, and wo Know tfiat if you've bought any othpr 15&I uiiMy in the past, you've probably been
tJisappomteO But whtio other compaoioa rushed i^l-con-ceived and poo/ly executed p'odtCis to martlet to "cash in"
on the ^^ew 1S31 dnve. *e did thjngs dilferently Our programmers took the time to become experts, on the t&ei
betore they even looked at a drawing tsoard. So wtien ihey f^nistied t^e Toolkrt prCfri?ct a ful; year laie^ they had
accomplished v^hat no one else had - the crealion of a ligh], integrated packago 0' essential utiSitiQS that nnake
the 1 set more than the sum ol its parts. Takea look at those Toofkit irlMities and see why we're so excited about rt:
• Fast Disk Copier * Fast File Copper « Tracks Sector Editor
• Directory Editor • Byte Pattern Search • ^"or Scanner
• File Track* SoctorTracer • UtralastFurrnatter • Heiocalabie Fast Loader
• Partition Crcaloi'
Alt 10 ol these custoni uliiities use eKtremety fast readwreie routines. Wherevor appropnate, they allow full
access to paflitions. It's cfcviCHjs we croatwl The t&St TooM to bo the Tinest set of utilities avaNablo lor the 1581
drivu But wo didn't stop there. Order now, and we'll also send you iho 1&01 DOS Molo^eoce Guide FREE! With
over 100 pagtssof concise, valuable mlorniation, you'll quickly find this bool( mdispensablai Written by Dovid Martin
(iNFO fytaga^inc's Copy Corner reviewer), this manual represents a year's worth ol research and investigation
cnto the inner workings ol the iSfll drive. We've also added extra utihTies, mclud-ng such handy items as a machine
ianpuage monrtor with OrveMon, the perfect companron tot the tSfli DOS Referer^ce Gu'de-
We ve spent a lot ol ttme worktng hard to make sure Ihat nobody knows more about the 15fi1 than we do. Dcwi't
self your 1581 short. Gel the TS31 loo\^\r loday, and lot us show you just what rfs roaiiy capable of, We'll take
your 15&1 absolutely as far as it vi^as designed to go And then we r| take it farther,
THE 1581 TOOLKIT (ON 3.5 ' DISK)/ONLY $39,95
Includes Your FREE 1581 DOS Reference Guide
The 1581 Toolkit Works On The C 6^ Or The C-138C 128D In The 6^ Mode
""f^'^JPOOt
ATTENTION C-12B OWNERS
Solderless 64K Video RAM Upgrade
^^i^ '.'-.it CcrT'rrDdcf 15 ^-as r^-tasec! r,e C ■ 1 ^sD »v'i ^^
&JKg' video flWjI.iveslTOt'ld bese&ng 129piog-
rar-5 address thts tanta5t>{r row leature soon
BASIC B already has th$ capabiity of ijsing alJ 6^K
of vviM RAM II fou own thp C- 1 2B iri stock coodi ■
ton, >ftj ciwnail. 16K ol vkJm FWW thii ComrrodOfe
tei wii n««iir,' U^rg B4i«: a '-omat and en?
1ui WK 0*. video RAW pf.y.-it3f^ iicjv wiTti the abM|
to sart Itiroogti vKleo merriofy u well as entiancca
colw rewlulon.
Up until now to upgrade the C-l 23 to 64K tyl video
RAW yoo wcuto have lo lirst search cut Ihe coff^X)-
i^ri5 then t-«3 a rxjrrpeleni in^s oui'^i to deWkSer
ard ir^id:! the parts ViTiat ■ tussle!
SOLUTlOH — We ha>'e o?.'ei(?p«i a rr^odu* inal
sirip'y pJugs m ta tti« ngthor Marco! ycor C'1^0-
Ne tnl«|t«red seldsr - No \nH damag« — No
haub,
Th'S pjckag« is 3vaii<al>ci lo two dtftefsnt torm^
Mod-H A fiaj all pans ncwwuy (0 comptetp your
i,pgr»dc. 4r\d ^*oder B n idertca.' enc^ tfat you
VjpO'V l""^ RAWS ^^ ^ wwenfw u riecmsa'>
II you have ao:ess to kjw cost RAMs, we sug^t
f^KJeiB
Both models include easy 10 follcw instailalion (n
struatofis, i test program to verily pic^f irstah.a-
lon ard Che pkjc in Vitieo RAM Upt?5de.
Mode^ A (compfa^l CAQ Q(*
Hoiiel B {no RAMsJ aaq qc
FLASM! Kracker Jax Earns a 5 Star Rating
in INFO'S May-June '88 Issue
Kncker Jai rs '^e y^m-^J. ps'a'^e'.e' cese2 co^?™ i>'5i?^ -"■a" r^ '^^^ -^
Kw^ry by stom' What t& a paran^er' Ss a ojS^ progran rjt sIkthi's ;rxxir
1 M 1 or 1 571 disk dnve to sirip ALL copy pidKSix from ycwr c rpensive sofr*are,
li?avirq yuj wth U^JPROTEC'ED, lOTAlLY BROKEN BACl(UPS 1h3l can evw
be captffi! with a sinipio fist coper'
Wf ikcan Knehfr Ju U be the best tflitm erf ks kintt on the rwkm M«y< A
i»;i3 ctm-? Uiyb«
Bjr tot [als «r KH) tor 9-tf you »lrt »^ REAL SViy er hpw ^ Kivditfr
Jii IS lusl flfik, c* of ouf cuttornm Dcnl nwry Vou i«inT tiavt tfiy pR*l&fl^
'inflr-g 'we, "'
Vols 1 thru 7 Only $9.95 each
KRACKER JAX REVEALED III
We've dona 1 1 again!
SflfM^js CcnmodCfc Uiws krc* 1*^^ Ihc f^cvc'jlod Books ty Ki«k<*jM
word >n CorwnoODrp CC(^ (J^protecton rtem-j'jon. Oj K.'^wtsdoi c* pmtacflOn
jch«r«h43r3%idtjrv^ NwlM<Xl:r^vrtdOw^■3j1f«dtlM '
,v r >iw ipy b f« i.^i»*«^ OTHERS ONLY SCflATCH TWE SmuCL Wt (Sg ,
di><^ muchO»pcr f^ottor V«now» u««r.KncfctrJttAinritdVoliftMttKi»
y&r d^ into me 1^1 disi dnve. «tin tc^i ec$}yprc4«cbon r««ld«. ^
read &rxl mgstcfftd lho lech^wjues set foflh ii Revealed 1 and IF, you're ready lof ihe
neKt step - Kracker Jax Revealed HI IrK^ided i$ a iree brrus is The Hjiter's Utility
Ki ere c' tf¥ fin?st wi o' ■Wt ufi:*^ ^ilhf ^ '095*^ r cr^e p^ka^
REVEALED BOOK III whii Hacker's Utility Kit . . S23.S0
REVEALED BOOK II with Hesmon Cartridge . . . $23.50
REVEALED BOOK I with Resel Board . ■ . $23.50
SDFnUHRE
,... ■-,- : 1,-; ,. I.,,. ,^;^-i:' "X-..-. .■>". a-'':;-^ :'<.*'■ :<''y.f\ :v:^s :' ;:t.\x^ SCvi'e S^.;'..'
:ui:jwsi ViSA yC DiSffiW i-JCOO ftfliib sripprt s U S A FPO AfO Cjraas CMeiojOfllf
Md M 5J (*l mif' toi shippng ird hanillirig COD maila!)* 10 U S ajslBW^ onlj W B.iS JfMlWJl f*t
(xder Faeign cg&iofflcs 'nus! call cr wriio lor f Kati shtffung cfarges DelKttva slems sie replaced al no chargt
H' in slock ortlers are (Kicsssed *rlt«n iJ hours US Shpping IS w UPS yound *i nest lasss. FAST Jnd 0*Y
iifl a.aiahif. add SI M (Sf foun! jdditiofai lU S 48 stats oniji (J S SOnVtABE oide^ c^-et IM *?iara wi
M s.it!Hd 2nl Ear it n ait rt^j-jj S3 50 S H c^a-3s 1 1! s'JW' iva^riqtar ttsiwy esse a* 7 E*.
aMoxa ta sua Tii M trees sJOfC :i rsr-i^ t, i^ii i-f "i
Program Submitimni Inviled
Mod mori info? Call or wrlli loi our litl citilog.
INTERNATIONAL
DEALERS - WE HAVE THE SUPPORT YOU'RE LOOKING FOR
RESS§4i"; iGOSUB300!SA«A
DtGOSUB1040jIP P THEK18
0
GP 190 PRINT'MBLKJ !2 SPACES}EN
DING ADDRESSg4i"; iGOSUB
300iE;A=ADiGOSUB1030!IP
1 SPACE )F then 190
KR 200 INPUT" (3 DOWNKBLKIcLEA
R WORKSPACE EY/N]|4|";A
$:IF LEFT5(AS,1)<>"Y"TH
EN220
PG 210 PRINT"{2 DOWNHbLUJWOHK
ING. . ."; !FORI=BS TO BS+
EA-SA+7!P0KE I,0iNEXTiP
hint "done"
db 220 printtab(10)"{2 down)
(blkHrvs) mlx command
{SPACE }MENU [D0WN)E43";
PRINT T$"tRVSjE{0PF3KTE
R DATA"
BD 230 PRINT T$" IRVS}D{0FF J ISP
lay drta";print t?"
{rvs)l{opp!oad pile"
js 240 print t5"trvs}s{opp3ave
PILE"tPRINT T$"|RVS)Q
{0FPlUIT[2 DOWNHBLK)"
JH 250 GET AJiIF A$-N$ THEN250
HK 260 A-BiPOR 1=1 TO 5tIP AS=
MID5("EDLSQ", 1,1) THEN A
=ItI=5
PD 270 NEXTtON A GOTO420, 610 , 6
90, 700 , 280 tGOSUfll060:GO
TO250
EJ 280 PRINT" [RVS) QUIT "jINPU
T"{D0WNJi4iARE YOU SURE
[y/N]"jA?iIP LEFT${A$,
1)<>''Y"THEN220
EM 290 POKE SD+24,0iEND
JX 300 IN$-N$!AD=0sINPUTIKS!lP
LEN ( IN$ ) 04THENRETURN
KP 310 BS=IH$!GOSUB320iAD=AtB$
=MIDS(IN5,3)iGOSUa320sA
D=AD* 2 56+A: RETURN
PP 320 A-0JPOH J=l TO 2!A5=MID
S(B9,J,1) !B-ASCtA5)~C4+
{A5>"@")*C7tA=A*C6+B
JA 330 IF B<0 OR B>15 THEN AD"
0iA»-l tJ«2
GX 340 NEXT: RETURN
CH 350 B= INT (A/C6)e PRINT MID? (
H$,B+1,1); iB=A-B*C6!pRl
NT MIDS(H5,B+1,1); iRETU
RN
RR 360 A=INT(AD/Z6) iGOSUB350:A
"AD-A*Z6tGOSUB350 iPRINT
" t ";
BE 370 CK"INT(AD/25) iCK=AD-Z4*
CK+ZS* tCK>27 ) JGOTO390
PX 380 CK-CK*22+Z5*(CK>Z7)+A
JC 390 CK-CK+Z5*(CK>ZS) :RETURN
QS 400 PRINT"{D0WN1STARTING AT
E4|"; iGOSUB300tIF INS<>
N5 THEN GOSUB1030IIP P
( SPACE ]THEN400
EX 410 RETURN
HD 420 PRINT"jEVS] ENTER DATA
tSPACE3''!GOSUB400tIP IN
$=NS THEN220
JK 430 0PEN3, 3 SPRINT
SK 440 POKE198,0jGOSUB360:IF P
them print in$!print"
(upH5 right]"!
GC 450 FOR 1=0 TO 24 STEP 3jB5
= S$tFOR J=.l TO 2:IF P T
HEN BS=MIDS(1N5,I+J,1)
HA 460 PRINT" (RVS t "a$LS ; :IP I<
24THEN PRINT" [OFF}", -
HD 470 GET A^tlP A5=N5 THEN470
FK 480 IF(A?>"/"ANDA5<"!")0R{A
5>"@"ANDA5("G")THEK540
GS 485 A=.-(AS = "M")-2*(AS = ",")-
3*CAS=".")-4*(A5="/")-5
*[AS="J")-6*(A$=°K")
PX 486 A=A-7*{A5="L")-8*(A5="!
" )-9* (A5="U" J-10* (A5-"I
" ) -11«{A5="0" ) -12* (A5="
p..)
CM 487 A-A-13«[AS-S5JiIP A THE
N A$-MID?("ABCD123E456F
0",A, DiGOTO 540
MP 490 IP AS=R$ AND((I'>0)AND(J
=1)0R P)THEN PRINT B? f i
J=2jNEXT:I=24:GOTOS50
KC 500 IP A5="EH0ME!" THEN PRI
NT BS:J=2:NEXTtI=24!NEX
TtP=0iGOTO440
MX 510 IF (A5-" {RIGHT] ")ANDP TH
ENP RI NT B$ L5 J 1 GOTO540
GK 520 IP A$<>LS AND A5<>D$ OR
{ tI=0)AND{ji=l))THEN GOS
UB1060SGOTO470
HG 530 A5=L$+S5+L5iPRlI«' B5L? ;
iJc2-J:IF J THEN PRINT
{SPACEJL?; II-I-3
QS 540 PRINT A$;iNEXT JrPRINT
{ space] SS t
PM 550 NEXT I t PRINT r PRINT "(UP)
(5 RIGHT) "f iINPUT#3, IKS
iIP IN?-N5 THEN CLOSE3I
GOTO220
QC 560 FOR 1=1 TO 25 STEP3iB5»
MID5(IN5,I) tGOSUB320iIP
I<25 THEN GOSUB380iA(I
/3)-A
PK 570 NEXT I IP AOCK THEN GOSU
B1060iPRINT"{BLK) (RVS)
{SPACE) ERROR t REENTER L
INE E43"iP«liGOTO440
m 580 GOSUB1080iBi>>BS-(-AD-SAtFO
R 1=0 TO 7iP0KE B+I,A(I
) J NEXT
QQ 590 AD»AD+8tIP AD>EA THEN C
LOSE 3 I P RINT " { DOWN ) { BLU }
** END OF ENTRY **{BLK}
{2 DOWN)"iGOTO700
GO 600 P«0:GOTO440
QA 610 PRINT" {CLR] {DOWN) {RVS)
{SPACEjDISPLAY DATA "iG
OSUB400tIF IN$-N? THEN2
20
RJ 620 PRINT " J DOWN ){6LUj PRESS I
{RVS] SPACE {OFF] TO PAU
SE, {RVS)RETURNi0FF3 TO
BREAK 14 I (DOWN)"
KS 630 GOSUB36fliB=BS+AD-SAiPOR
I-BTO B+7iA-PEEK(I) iGOS
UB3 50 tGOSUB 3801 PRINT S$
CC 640 NEXT!PRINT"{RVS)";!A-CK
:GOSUB350iPRINT
KH 650 P-liAD=AD+8iIP AD>EA TH
esprint"{down){bluJ** E
ND OF DATA **"tGOTO220
KC 660 GET ASiIF A$-R5 THEN GO
SUB10e0iGOTO220
EO 670 IF A$=S$ THEN F-P+liQCS
UB1080
AD 680 ONFGOTO630, 660,630
CM 690 PRI NT "{DOWN) {RVS] LOAD
{SPACE J DATA "iOP=liG0TO
710
PC 700 print"{down)(rvsJ save
EspaceJfile "jOP-0
rx 710 in$-nsi input "{down] pile
NAMES4i"tIN5iIP IN5-KS
{ space )then220
pr 720 p-0 ! print "{ down ){blk 5
{hvs3t{off]ape or {HVS)
D{OFP]ISKi E43";
PP 730 GET AJtlP A5i""T"THEN PR
INT''T{DOVW3''iGOTO880
HQ 740 IF AS<>"D"THEN730
HH 750 PRINT"D{DOWN3"iOPENl5,8
,15, "I0«"jB-EA-SAiIN$-"
0i"+IN?!lF OP THEN810
SQ 760 OPEN l,8,8,IN$+",P,W"iG
OSUB860IIP A THEN220
FJ 770 AH-INT(SA/256) lAL-SA-tA
H*256)jPRlNTil,CHR5(AL)
jCHRSfAHjf
PE 780 FOR 1-0 TO BjpRINTil.CH
R5(PEEKCBS+I))iiIF ST T
HEN800
FC 790 HEXT:CLOSEl!CL0SE15:GOT
0940
GS 800 GOSUB1060iPRINT"{DOWN)
{BLK] ERROR DURING SAVEt
643 " IGOSUB860 tGOTO220
MA 810 OPEN l,8,8,IN5+",P,R"lG
OSUB860tIP A THEN220
GE 820 GET#l,A$,B9iAD=ASC(A$-«-Z
S)+256*ASC{BS+Z?) iIF AD
<>SA THEN FaliGOTO850
RX 830 FOR 1=0 TO BiGET#l,ASlP
OKE BS+I,ASC(A5+Z5)tIP{
I OB) AND ST THEN P"2tAD
-IiI=B
FA 840 NEXT! IP ST<>64 THEM F-3
PQ 850 CLOSEliCLOSElSiON ABS(F
>0)+l GOTO960,970
SA 860 INPUT#15,A,ASiIP A THEN
CL0S£1 tCL0SE15 tGOSUB10
60tPRINT"{RVS}ERROHi "A
$
GQ 870 RETURN
EJ 880 P0KE183,PEEK(FA+2) iPOKE
187,PEEK(FA+3) tPOKElSS,
PEEKCPA+4) JIPOP-0THEN92
0
HJ 890 SYS 63466iIP(PEEK(783)A
NDDTHEN GOSUBi060!PRIN
T" {DOWN) {RVS) FILE NOT
{SPACE] FOUND ":GOTO690
CS 900 AD=PEEK(S29)+256*PEEK(8
30)iIF ADOSA THEN F-ll
GOTO970
SC 910 A=PEEK(831>+256*PEEK(83
2)-l tF=F-2"{A<EA)-3*(A>
EA) !AD=A-ADiGOTO930
KM 920 A=SAtB=EA+liGOSUB1010sP
OKE780,3iSYS 63338
JF 930 A=BS!B=BS+(EA-SA)+1;G0S
UB1010;ON OP GOTO950tSY
S 63591
AE 940 GOSUB10e0iPRINT"{HLU]**
SAVE COMPLETED **"iGOT
0220
XP 950 POKE147,0iSYS 63S62jIF
{ SPACE ]ST>0 THEN970
PR 960 GOSUB1080 SPRINT" {BLU]**
LOAD COMPLETED **"tGOT
0220
DP 970 GOS0Br060tPRINT"{BLK)
{ RVS) ERROR DURING LOADi
(D0WN)i4^" jON F GOSUB98
0,990, 1000 (GOTO220
PP 980 PRI NT "INCORRECT STARTIN
G ADDRESS ( " ; |GOSUB360 i
PRlNT"}"iRETURN
GR 990 PRINT"LOAD ENDED AT ";;
AD=SA+AD I GOSU B3 60 : P RI NT
D5 I RETURN
PD 1000 PRINT "TRUNCATED AT END
IMG ADDRESS" I RETURN
RX 1010 AHhINT{A/256) >AL«A-{AH
*256) !POKE193,ALtPOKEl
94, AH
PP 1020 AH=INT(B/256) iAL-B-(AH
*256) iP0KE174,ALtP0KEl
75, AH: RETURN
PX 1030 IP AD<SA OR AD>ER THEN
1050
HA 1040 IF(AD>511 AND AD<40960
B6 COMPUTE'S Gazette April 1989
)OR(AD>49151 AND AD<53
3)")RVS}C[0FF]ATAL0G DI
SUB 950: PRINT: PRINT"
248) THEN GOSUB1080 !F=8
SK"RTS;TAB[13) "IRVS)Q
{RVS) ERROR: REENTER LI
: RETURN
(OFF )UIT (DOWN) (BLK)"
NE ":F-'1:G0T0 360
HC 1050 GOSUB1060:PRIST"(RVSj
AP
240
GETKEY A$:A"IHSTR("EDLS
DX
520
PRINT BES:B=BS+AD-SR!FO
{SPACE 5 INVALID ADDRESS
CQ",A$) !0N A GOTO 340,5
R 1=0 TO 7!P0KE B+I,A(I
{ DOWN j { BLK) " t P-1 ! RETU
50,64 0, 650,93 0, 94 0:GO5U
):NEXT I
RN
B 950! GOTO 240
XB
530
F=0!AD=AD+8JIF AD<=EA T
AR 1660 POKE SD4-5,31 :POKE SD-t-6
sx
250
PRINT"STARTING AT";;GOS
HEN 360
,208 I POKE SD, 240 (POKE
UB 260;IF(AD<;>0)OR[A5 = N
CA
540
CLOSE 3! PR INT" {DOWN}
{SPACEjSD+l,4iP0KE SD+
L$)THEN RETURN: ELSE 250
(BLU)** END OF ENTRY **
4,33
BG
260
AS=NLS: INPUT AS! IF LEN (
(BLK) (2 DOWN}": GOTO 650
DX 1070 FOR S=l TO I00!NEXTsGO
AS) =4 THEN AD=DEC(A$)
MC
550
PRINT BES; "(CLR)(DOWN}
TO1090
PP
270
IF AD=0 THEN BEGIN! IF A
(RVS) DISPLAY DATA ":G0
PP 1080 POKE SD+5,8:POKE SD+6,
SONLS THEN 300:ELSE RE
SUB 250!IF AS=NL$ THEN
240tPOKE SD, 01 POKE SD+
TURH!BEND
(SPACE) 2 20
1,901 POKE SD+4,17
HA
280
IF AD<SA OR AD>EA THEN
JF
560
BANK 0:PHINT"iDOWN)
AC 1090 FOR S=l TO 100jHEXTtPO
(SPACE) 300
{BLU}PRESS: (RVS) SPACE
KE SD+4,0 SPOKE SD,0!PO
PM
290
IF AD>511 AND AD<65280
lOFFi TO PAUSE, {RVS)RE
KE SD4'1,0!RETUIUI
(SPACElTHEN PRINT BES; :
RETURN
TURN(OFF) TO BHEAKI4?
{ DOWN } "
SQ
300
GOSUB 950:PRIHT"{RVS} I
XA
570
PRINT HEX${AD)+":"; :GOS
Program 2: MLX For Commodore
NVALID ADDRESS (DOWN)
UB 310:B=BS+AD-SA
128
(BLKj":AD=0:RETURN
DJ
580
FOR I=a TO B+7:A=PEEK(I
RD
310
CK=«FNHB(AD) ;CK=AD-Z4*CK
); PRINT RIGHT? (HEX$(A) ,
AE lee
TRAP 960:POKB 4627,128:
+Z5*(CK>37):GOTO 330
2);SP5; :GOSUB 320: NEXT
DIM NL5,A(7)
DD
320
CK"CK*Z2+Z5*{CK>Z7)+A
{SPACE} I
XP 110
Z2=2:Z4-254:Z5 = 25B!26'«2
AH
330
CK-CK+Z5*(CK>Z5) ;RETURN
XB
590
PRINT"{RVS)"; RIGHTS (HEX
56;Z7=127!BS=256*PEEK(4
QD
340
PRINT BE9;"(RVSJ ENTER
$(CK) ,2)
627):EA=6523a
(SPACElDATA " !GOSUB 250
GR
600
F=l!AD=AD+e:IF AD>EA TH
FB 12 0
BE5=CHR5 (7) :RT$=CHR$(13
:IF AS=NLS then 220
EN PRINT" {BLU}** END OF
) :Dl.S='CHHS(20) :SPS='CKR5
JA
350
BANK 0:PRINT:F=0:OPEN 3
DATA **'':GOTO 220
(32) !LF9=CHR51157)
,3
EB
610
GET AS: IF A$=RT$ THEN P
KE 130
DEF FNHB(A)=IMT(A/2S6) :
BR
360
GOSUB 310! PRINT HEXS (AD
RINT BE$!GOTO 220
DEF FNLB{fl)=A~FNHB(A)*2
)+"!";: IF F THEN PRINT
QK
620
IF A$=SP$ THEN F=F+1:PR
56:DEF FNAD(A)=PEEK(A)+
(SPACE)LS:PRINT"(UP)
INT BE$;
256*PEEK(Ail)
(5 RIGHTS";
XS
630
ON F GOTO 570,610,570
JB 140
KEY l,"A":KElt 3,"B":KEY
5,"C";KeY 7,"D":V0L 15
;IF RGH(0)=5 THEN FAST
QA
370
FOR 1=0 TO 24 STEP 3:B$
=SPS;FOR J=l TO 2: IF F
(SPACEjTHEN B$=MID5(L$,
RF
640
PRINT BES "I DOWN) (RVS) L
OAD DATA ":OP=l;GOTO 66
0
FJ 150
PRINT" ICLR)"CHR5 (142) ;C
I+J,l)
HP
652
PRINT BES "(DOWN) (RVS) S
HR$(8);C0LOR 0,15:COLOR
PS
380
PR1NT"{RVS}"B9+LF$; :IF
AVE FILE "!OP=0
4,1S:C0L0R 6,15
(SPACE}I<24 THEN PRINT"
DM
660
F=0:FS=NLS: INPUT"FILENA
GO 160
PRINT TAB(12)"{RED)
(OFF)";
ME<4J";FS:IF FS=NL5 THE
ERVS}12 SPACES} {9 ej
RC
390
GETKEY A$:IF (A5>"/" AN
N 220
12 SPACES)"RT5jTAB(12)"
0 AS<"!") OR(AS>"g" AND
PF
665
IF LEN(F5)>14 THEN 660
{RVS}12 SPACES] lOFF}
A$<"G") THEN 470
HP
670
PRINT"{DOWN ) (BLK) [RVSJT
(BLU) 128 MLX IRED)
AC
400
IF AS="+" THEN AS="E"!G
(OFFJAPE OR (RVS}D(OFF)
[RVSH2 SPACES )"RT$;TAB
OTO 470
ISK: i43";
(12)"lRVSH13 SPACES]
Q8
410
IF A5="-" THEN ft$=''F":G
SQ
680
GETKEY AS: IF AS="T" THE
{BLU}"
OTO 470
N 850:ELSE IF A$<>"D" T
FE 170
PRINT" I 2 DOWN)
FS
420
IF AS=RT$ AND ((1=0) AN
HEN 680
{3 SPACESjCOMPLTEl'S MA
D (J-l) OR F) THEN PRIN
SP
690
PRINT"DISK[DOWN)":IF OP
CHINE LANGUAGE EDITOR
T BS; :J=2: NEXT: 1=24: GOT
THEN 760
12 DOWN)"
0 480
EH
700
OOPENIl, (F$+",P") ,W:IF
DK 180
PRINT"iBLK)STARTING ADD
RESS{4J"; :GOSUB 260: IF
RD
430
IF AS="{HOME)" THEN PRI
NT B9!J=2:HeXT!l=24:NEX
(SPACE)DS THEN AS»DS:GO
TO 74 0
{SPACEJAD THENSA-aD:EL
T:F-0:GOTO 360
JH
710
BANK 0!POKE BS-2,FNLB(S
SE 180
XB
440
IF (AS="(RIGHT)") AND F
A):POKE BS-1,FNHB(SA):P
FH 190
PRINT"{BLKH2 SPACESJEN
THEN PRINT B5+[.F$; SGOT
RINT"SAV1NG "fF$:PRINT
DING ADDRESSi4}";:G0SUB
0 470
MC
720
FOR A=BS-2 TO BS+EA-SA:
260: IF AD THEN EA=AD!E
JP
450
IF AS<>LF$ AND ASODLS
PRINTI1,CHRS(PEEK(A));:
LSE 190
{SPACE)OR ((1=0) AND (J
IF ST THEN A5»"DISK WRI
MP 200
PRINT"lDOWN} {BLK}CLEAR
=1)) THEN GOSUB 950: GOT
TE ERROR" :G0TO 750
tS PACE) WORKS PACE [Y/N] ?
0 390
GC
730
NEXT A:CL0SE 1:PRINT"
<4}":GETKEY A$:IF ASO"
PS
460
AS=LFS+SP5+LF$: PRINT B$
(BLU)** SAVE COMPLETED
Y" THEN 220
i-LFS;:J=2-J:IF J THEN P
(SPACEfWITHOUT ERRORS *
QH 210
PRINT" {DOWN} (BLU) WORKIN
RIHT LF5;; 1=1-3
*":G0T0 220
G...";:BANK 0:FOR A=BS
Ga
470
PRINT AS;: NEXT J; PRINT
RA
740
IF DS=63 THEN BEGIN:CLO
{SPACE)TO BS+(EA-SA)+7:
{SPACB)SP$;
SE 1: INPUT" (BLK)REPLACB
POKE A, 0: NEXT A:PRINT"D
HA
480
NEXT I:PR1NT;PRINT"(0PJ
EXISTING FILE (Y/H}i4}
DC 220
ONE"
PRINT TAB (10) "(DOWN)
{5 RIGHT)"; !LS="
(27 SPACES}"
";ASiIF AS="Y" THEN SCR
ATCH{F$):PRINT:G0T0 70 0
(BLKJIRVS) MLX COMMAND
DP
490
FOR 1=1 TO 25 STEP 3:GE
lELSE PR INT" (BLK) ".-GOTO
(SPACE) MENU <4JlD0WN)":
T|3,A5,BS:IF AS=SP5 THE
660;BEND
PRINT TAB(13)"(RVS)E
N 1=2S:NEXTjCL0SE 3:G0T
GA
750
CLOSE l:GOSl)B 950:PRINT
10FF)NTER DATA"RT$;TAB(
0 220
"{BLK} (RVS) ERROR DURIN
13)"{RVS)DlOFF}lSPLAY D
BA
500
A5=AS+B$: A=DEC (AS) IMIDS
G SAVE: i4J"! PRINT A5:G
ATA"RT?;TAB(13)"lRVS]L
(LS,I,2}=A$:IF I<25 THE
OTO 220
lOFF)0AD FILE"
N GOSUB 320:A[1/3)=A:GE
FD
760
DOPEKIl, (FS+",P") :IF DS
Hfl 230
PRINT TAB(13)"lRVS)S
T#3,A5
THEN A$«DS$:F=4!CL0SE
{OFF)AVE FILE"RT9rTAS(l
AR
510
NEXT I! IF AOCK THEN GO
{SPACE3l!G0TO 790
COMPUTE'S Gaimte April 1989 87
3 TECHNICUl PROGflAMS
liatv Progrininiai
IX, + X, j Solves linejt p'jgrsT
JA, + A,^i1 , 50 variabSes int) 35 con-
X,</C ! stra Ills. Sysiems mjv (js
,, Yt-iii ' 'SSt'icW tv const ramli
A , + A,,*^ /a Qj eijojiitry. >m tMn of
IX + SXAtO - B'"'t' 'Ml (Cillceil
^ ' ' tiWS nay irpMa «i Bie
sane probtertl ObiKlwt (Z (unctioii) miy ix mjjiimiiK! w mini-
fmzeti. Compuief displays solution (in «j(Arnple 31 tefi. Z-31,
X, - 13. Xj-6). fnitial jnC dnai tsbteaits, Sptcia' ccninund t« easy
enliyof swiso conswaints
Analytical Geomeiry In
3 Dlmsnsions
.. ft :r:;j--,ii ro.ii-^ ir ryn.;:^.- i;.i.|
nalytcal gconcyy ten! l)tx)<s After
'- cnKwing [Wi'iss, linos, planes and vac-
iQTS, utets ma^ tt^crii ala.'l-il'i W'^:li]*
cross M Ittple atid sr - '
A'S A-S.A-S-C V
bctivecfl ! InB. wt
Tina intersection of 3 pJ^ifies. 2 p^'ar^ Itfie anti a p'i':'. ; .: .. .
thfixjgfl 3 points, 1I point and a tire point and no'Tai ^o,-[ .•:■■: . i-
al^el plane, of perform 16 other QeoTietric Qlculavons Eiii.e-, :i-,l!;;:
aiKj answers displayed in users choice til sweiJI m«tf»ads, mcliidnnf
syrnctnc equalion paJamelnc equalon, muliiple points, direction a*id
magntutie, (NOT A, GBAPMCS PTOGIWW)
Electronics:
AC DC Circull
AnalTsis Prog rami
Pf(i(l'ar;i cdiihuJi-:-. ijjii
dial niiiv^rif- solution 10
tjlr!CUoniC circuit of uo
10 40 nodes and 53
btifKHei. SrarclKS miy cnmsn iMoto's. upKilO'S. tiOXStti. uir
rent sources, vcnage soKCts or 4 types of contrclM Sana Can-
Met displays rwoe voilages. brandi yMages. OKrents. paws an!
povrer factors. Step function of brsncti parameters <y freqitency wth
paphic itispiay of tesulls. Menu ctiniroltal and user Inandly.
Linear programming System (64/1 ?8)
fciiJylica) teomelry m 3 Oimenswis [64; \li]
Elwtroncs K DC Dicul Anj^-ys lU. mt
EW^orwsAC OC C-oj' Anjyii nOM PCj
COMPUTER HEROES
P.O. Box 79 Dept. 228
Farmjngton, CT 0G034
Orders Only 1-800-622-4070
SP.l 35
am
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The MicroFlyte JOYSTICK, the only (Lily
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Order Direct from:
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88 COMPUTE!' s Gazmte Apnl 1989
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PX 770 GET#1,AS,B5!CL0SE 1 :AD-
ASC(AS)-i-256*ASC(BS) !IF
[SPACE J ADO SA THEN F=l i
GOTO 790
KB 7S0 PRINT"LOADING "jFStPRIN
TiBLOAD(fS),B0,P{BS) :AD
BSA-fFMAD(174)-BS-l iF=-2
•CAD<EA)-3*(AD>EA)
RQ 790 IP F THEN 800 i ELSE PRIM
T"{BLU)** LOAD COMPLETE
D WITHOUT ERRORS **"iGO
TO 220
ER 800 GOSUD 950: PRINT" { BLK J
{RVS) ERROR DURING LOAD
I f4i"iON F GOSUB B10,a
20,330,840:GOTO220
QJ 810 PRINT "INCORRECT STARTIN
G ADDRESS t " ;HEX$ (AD) ; "
) " : RETURN
DP 820 PRINT "LOAD ENDED AT "jH
EX S( AD): RETURN
EB B30 PRINT "TRUNCATED AT END I
NG ADDRESS ( "HEX5 (EA) " )
" ! RETURN
FP 840 PRINT "DISK ERROR ";A5:R
ETURN
KS 850 PRINT "TAPE"! AD-POINTER {
FSIjBANK 1 jA=PEEK(AD) :A
L"PEEK(AD+1) tAH=PEEK(AD
■t-2)
XX 860 BANK 15: SYS DEC("FF6a")
,0,liBYS DEC("FFBA"},1,
1,0 I SYS DEC("FFBD"),A,A
L,A£1:SYS DECt "FF90" ) , 12
8!lF OP THEN 890
FG 870 PRINT tA=SAtB=EA -Hi GOSUB
920ISYS DEC("E919"),3i
PRINT "SAVING "jF$
AB 880 A=«SSjB=BS+tEA-SA)-H!GOS
UB 920:SYS DEC("EA18")i
PRINT "( DOWN HbLU}** TAP
E SAVE COMPLETED **"iGO
TO 220
CP 890 SYS DEC("E99A") :PRINT!l
P PEEK(2ai6)-5 THEN COS
ub 950: print"! down 3
(blk5[rvs} file not FOU
ND ":GOTO 220
GQ 900 PRINT" LOADING ...{DOWN}
":AD=FNAD(2817) :IF ADO
SA THEN F=1:G0T0 800: EL
SE AD»FNAD(2819)-l:F=-2
*(AD<BA)-3*(AD>Eft)
JD 910 A=■BS:B=BS-^(EA-SA)+1:G0S
UB 920:SYS DEC("E9FB"):
IF ST>0 THEN 800:ELSE 7
90
XB 920 P0KE193,FNLB(A) !POKE194
,FNHB(A) iPOKE 174,FNLB(
B} : POKE 175,FNHB(B) :RET
URN
CP 930 CATftLOG:PSlNT"lDOWM}
(BLU)** PRESS ANY KEY F
OR HENtJ **":GETKEY A5:G
OTO 220
MM 940 PRINT BE$"lRVS) QUIT
i4J";RT9; "ARE YOU SURE
{SPACE] [Y/Ni?";GETKEY A
S:IF AS<>"y" THEN 220: E
LSE PRINT" (CLR) " :BANK 1
5!END
JE 950 SOUKD 1,500, 10! RETURN
AF 960 IF ER-»14 AND ELa260 THE
N RESUME 300
MK 970 IP ER=14 AND EL=S00 THE
N RESUME NEXT
O 980 IF ER=4 AND EL=780 THEN
F=4:A$=DS5:RESUME B00
DQ 990 IF ER=30 THEN RESUME:EL
SE PRINT ERRS(ER);" ERR
OR IN LINE";EL 6
c n [ 1 r [
Shoppers Mart
BIG BLUE READER 128/64
winner ol RUN'S 1988 Reader Choice Award!
BJti Blut R«»d«f 138/64 Iran^fers Cimmoctore word prpceMir>g.
text and ASCII fila$ betwesii IBM PC ctxnpaiiWs MS-DOS disk and
vies versa. REQUIRES eillief Iho 1571 or 15Si disk drSvs, aSR iia
guppons C-128 CP'M <il««, t7xi RAM flip, and mors. Both CtZS
and C64 applicaltons ara on one disk ONLV I44.9S. BBR S4 \n it
avaliable separatoly ONLV I29-S5.
; SOGWAP Software
115 Belmont Rd,. Decatur, IN 46733
j Ph. (219) 724-3900
\ V ELECTBOH)
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if can datign;
C TECHNICIANS,
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AND ENGINEERS
RADIQ SHACK COCO I • ]
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• OSOLLATOnS
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only 1-800-35M113
• lATOUT OnOJIT BOARDS
on your C-64 o
C'12B.
ENTER your required tfipi(l,^rxJtixji ipKiJicarticrs trd the compirfv dttlgrv Iht cjrcut
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NOTHING LOADS YOUR PROGRAMS FASTER THAN
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A NEW CONCEPT JN COMMODORE© CARTRIDGES
Sloro up 10 30 of your favortio programs in a single battury'tta^k&d canridge for oasy,
instani access, Chnnge contents as oNon as you wisn. Tha Ou«:k Bnwn Boi accepts
most unprotected and "Irozen" programs including Iha only word pfocessor that saves
your lent ss you type. "Tub Wrila Stuff," Coeiisls with GEOS© and Commodofs RAM
Eipansion Units Loader uliliti« induOad [or l»th C-64 and C-I2fl modfls
16K 169 32K SM. &IK S129 (plus S3 s/h. MA res. add SW), Call (oi "Wnio StuN" pkg.
Brown Bojas, Inc , 26 Concord Rd,. Bedford. MA 01730 (617) 275«)90: 862-3675.
"Good RellaMa Stulf" Into (J»n/Fet> 'BB)
"A LIttIo Q«m" Twin ailes 128 (MarfAor W)
"You'll Navar Loaa Tour Cool, or Your Pro<ir»mi" PUN (Nov '37}
"A Worthy Product— Lono Ovrnlua" Afiojr (/vb 'SS)
THE BASEBALL DATABASE
LET YOUR COMPUTER KEEP TRACK OF
YOUR TEAM'S BASEBALL STATS !
EASY TO USE • COMPREHENSIVE MS.BS APPLE llt/llc/IIBS
DETAILED PRINTED REPORTS S39.95 COMMODORE 64/12B
Add i? 50 ihipping i tiiniltingL M iiy maney tiicli guiiiDIti, VISA'MC/clieck
or MO Progiim i(j«i i dtltlll iviilibit iiton requtii.
JACOBSEN SOFTWARE DESIGNS
Attn OrDer - CPC
1590 E. 43(d fl«t . Eugene, Ofegijn 974D5 Phone (5fl3| 343-6030
J^ ATTENTION ROLE PLAYERS ^^
CHARACTER EDITORS ($19.95 each) - Might and Magic,
Bards Tale 1 , Bards Tale 2, Bards Tals 3, Wasteland, Ultima 3,
Ultima 4, Ultima 5, Wizardry (1 and 2), Pool of Radiance.
HINT BOOKS ($9,95 each) - Wizardry 1, Wizardry 2, and
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Add S3. 00 lor shippingfliandting. Specify computer type on order.
GOSSELIN COMPUTER CONSULTANTS ri^
P O. Box lOaa • Brighton. Ml 4B116 • (313) 2292AS3 [mMH
M
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ts'itw Qivr 210 Faramtltn In
ifrwn AH^viBt El Of Ofif;
h-Siocklu^ni ArtJIuppodWtifiinil ^Irit
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litiMKW 'Voii I k 2rO*«TlOP [■■n3TH<«ChtF:,K}i[>uLT\« AikwYouTu AKhct* li'ina Fi«wiitTuki- I]T,f3E«.
ErklKitof MJrU .Ptk *] , dJ. A H ^ ?mmttMi Fai Ova 20 Uf Tb Ltati Riltf tia On E«h Puuimtf Kti. ^ 3 i 2.91 Ei.
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AddSrCOrkAvt'^JOFvTTijB TXRwU—h waUtSiJaiTiA, U^AwACOCjEib*
wTft€ 'OriginaV Parameter Cross-Reference^^M
\^/ h^ LJi-inl i"i HiJIjni; l]] NT*
Now ^hlppEnft The Hih OPCTR Bonk KdMhin {@Na pae»li '^nd Tht 4ih QiLsiierlj Ut^KE
ThJi £(lHldri cqAEilAt p^rf S,(HM pifimcirT lii4inBi \h%\ * "r*Ki-ftff crmct fry profranr tNl*, Ovrr 73
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JticlLdf nF>¥ prtHJjrl nffrriniti. It J( Ihf tnitil fccurattn And rfPinpr«lvrnjiT« lt!irorn**l'<vn reinurcc or Hi
Vlnd ■vjJUhk m^^Wr! h Qjirlrrlv hIA «rn4«fi ti ilv* miUfrlv ikil p«li AU. Ibr DPf' H BOOK
yilJaf,! rtfhl xl >«ijr nnEtrlip^i ■nd i I'u^loin 'I'rliirFd'' Rtpitrt (Itpwrilftr \\ Iniludcdl Wilb lltit
OPI^H llbih, ivn c«n nrgiinlie jnur ArrhLthng Arirnal, iVtJ^ Av-iiiltiNf Diffii ^^^flm PuhHihtr
wt« *t "haw Hut I>U- In ■! tf* n 1 Slro4c^' HT^mi^ A. HofiMt W
Touf StUttKliVi It CkiViniMCJi - ^4 Hf Iftt Oiu &hipp«ng 4r7JJ ruflf t'Mmt
VhT (^Mrtfr/j t'^i^Mr Uitt S *H ^ If/i vtiA M<- A^ (iLAUim Wf.lt OVt
^«0wCffC3 Pf<*t Art AviiilAb>* To ncfQitiBrod Ch«r>a'i — {W«« t14 99 - CKiik t^.'SS -
BASIC GAME DESIGN Flashy Tricks of the Trade
Cl^an, fa£t B^IC tot Scrolls. Animation, 30 Color Graphics, Sound ajid ^us»c. Graat NEW
Ic] GAMES luly B«plained, Any disk S15 opd Any 2 S2S ppd
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play a ono noto melody arHl Qol Harmdny. Savn/kutd turtes to disk and EASILY add Rich
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RKDO Gftptika, RIB. 1 Bon 199A, Slanlay, Wl 5476J
I Convert vour C64/C12e to a DX7 with Ihe hi
SFX SOUND EXPANDER
SFX SOUND EXPANDER
9 volcv dIgllAl Byntheftlfcf module
SFX FULL SIZED KEYBOARD
SFX COMPOSER & SOUND EDITOR
MIDI cornpallt>le sequerKar and editor for Sound Exparxler
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iis
CWdaTA-LABS TISAR 128 BUSINESS SOFTWARE
REMMKABLE CUSTOHEfl 0ATA.8ASE & INVOIIS HANAGEMEfTT SYSTEM;
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WHlt/Read/Pnnt Cuitomited Involcei & Records.
U««r Friendly Prompt! guide you through *«ch function.
Fu* Color ■ Stores SW R5C0(dsJI>»k on 1S71 Ekwe
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ta Coiumn* 1 R«cl(-Up-At}l« . Full f>ocumentBtion
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TheEjperts-POeoi92e*Brii]filoii.MI 48116
INTRODUCING
C A ; [ T T [
Shoppers Mart
The Automatic Proofreader
Plilllp I. Nelson
"The Automatic Proofreader" helps
you type in program listings for the
128, 64, Plus/4, and 16 and prevents
nearly every kind of typing mistake.
Type in the Proofreader exactly as
listed. Since the program can't check it-
self, type carefully to avoid mistakes.
Don't omh any lines, even if they con-
tain unfamiliar commands. After finish-
ing, save a copy or two on disk or tape
before running it. This is important be-
cause the Proofreader erases the BASIC
portion of itself when you run it, leav-
ing only the machine language portion
in memory.
Next, type RUN and press RE-
TURN, After announcing which com-
puter it's running on, the Proofreader
displays the message "Proofreader
Active". Now you're ready to type in a
BASIC program.
Every time you finish typing a line
and press RETURN, the Proofreader
displays a two-letter checksum in the
upper-left comer of the screen. Com-
pare this result with the two-letter
checksum printed to the left of the line
in the program listing. If the letters
match, it's almost certain the line was
typed correctly. If the letters don't
match, check for your mistake and cor-
rect the line.
The Proofreader ignores spaces not
enclosed in quotes, so you can omit or
add spaces between keywords and still
see a matching checteum. However,
since spaces inside quotes are almost al-
ways significant, the Proofreader pays
attention to them. For example, 10
PRINT'THIS IS BASIC" will generate
a different checksum than 10
PRINT'THIS ISBA SIC",
A common typing error is transpo-
sition— typing two successive charac-
ters in the wrong order, like PIRNT
instead of PRINT or 64378 instead of
64738. The Proofreader is sensitive to
the position of each character within the
line and thus catches transposition
errors.
The Proofreader does not accept
keyword abbreviations (for example, 7
instead of PRINT). If you prefer to use
abbreviations, you can still check the
line by LISTing it after typing it in,
moving the cursor back to the line, and
pressing RETURN. LISTing the line
substitutes the full keyword for the ab-
breviation and allows the Proofreader
to work properly. The same technique
works for rechecking programs you've
already typed in.
If you're using the Proofreader on
the Commodore 128, Plus/4, or 16, do
jiot perform any GRAFHIC commands
while the Proofreader is active. When
you perform a command like GRAPH-
IC 1, the computer moves everything at
the start of BASIC program space — in-
cluding the Proofreader — to another
memory area, causing the Proofreader
to crash. The same thing happens if you
rH?i any program with a GRAPHIC
command while the Proofreader is in
memory.
Though the Proofreader doesn't
interfere with other BASIC operations,
it's a good idea to disable it before run-
ning another program. However, the
Proofreader is purposely difficult to dis-
lodge; It's not affected by tape or disk
operations, or by pressing RUN/
STOP- RESTORE. The simplest way to
disable it is to turn the computer off
then on. A gentler method is to SYS to
the computer's built-in reset routine
(SYS 65341 for the 128, 64738 for the
64, and 65526 for the Plus/4 and 16).
These reset routines erase any program
in memory, so be sure to save the pro-
gram you're typing in before entering
the SYS command.
If you own a Commodore 64, you
may already have wondered whether
the Proofreader works with other pro-
gramming utilities like "MetaBASIC."
The answer is generally yes, if you're
using a 64 and activate the Proofreader
after installing the other utility. For ex-
ample, first load and activate Meta-
BASIC, then load and run the
Proofreader,
When using the Proofreader with
another utility, you should disable both
programs before running a BASIC pro-
gram. While the Proofreader seems un-
affected by most utilities, there's no
way to promise that it will work with
any and every combination of utilities
you might want to use. The more utili-
ties activated, the more fragile the sys-
tem becomes.
The New Aulomatlc Proorreader
10 VEC=PEEK(772)+256*PEEK(773)
!LO=43:i]I=44
20 PRINT "AUTOMATIC PROOFREADE
R t'OR "fllF VEC=42364 THEN
1 SPACE] PRINT "C-64"
30 IF VEC=50556 THEN PRINT "VI
C-20"
40 IF VEC=35158 THEN GRAPHIC C
LRt PRINT "PLUS/4 6. 16"
50 IF VEC=1716S THEN LO=45:HI=
46:GRAPHIC CLR : PRINT"128"
60 SA={PEEK(LO)+2 56*PEEK(Hl))+
6 : ADR=SA
70 FOR J=0 TO 166 t READ BVTjPOK
E ADR,BVT!ADR=ADR-H:CliK=CHK
+BYTSNEXT
80 IP CHKO20570 THEN PRINT "*
ERROR* CHECK TYPING IN DATA
STATEMENTS": END
90 FOR J=l TO 5: READ RF,LF,HF:
RS=SA+RF!HB=INT(RS/256)il.B=
RS-(25G*HB)
100 CHK=CHK+RF+LF+HF:POKE SA+L
P,LD:PO!<E SA-t-HP, HB:NEXT
110 IF CHKO 22054 THEN PRINT "
* ERROR* RELOAD PROGRAM AND
(space) CHECK FINAL LINE": EN
D
120 POKE SA+149,PEEK(772) :POKE
SA+150,PEEK(7 73)
130 IF VEC=17165 THEN POKE SA+
14, 22: POKE SA+18, 23 : POKESA+
29,224:POKESA+139,224
140 PRINT CHRS(147);CHR?( 17);"
PROOFREADER ACTIVE": SYS SA
1S0 POKE HI,PEEK(HI)+l:POKE (P
EEK(LO)+256*PEEK(HI))-1,0:N
EW
160 DATA 120,169,73,141,4,3,16
9,3,141,5,3
170 DATA 88,96,165,20,133,167,
165,21,133,168,169
180 DATA 0,141,0,255,162,31,18
1,199,157,227,3
190 DATA 202,16,248,169,19,32,
210,255,169,18,32
200 DATA 210,255,160,0,132,180
,132,176,136,230,180
210 DATA 200,185,0,2,240,46,20
1,34,208,8,72
220 DATA 165,176,73,255,133,17
6, 104,72,201,32,208
230 DATA 7,165,176,208,3,104,2
08,226, 104,166,100
240 DATA 24,165,167,121,0,2,13
3,167, 165,168,105
250 DATA 0,133,168,202,209,239
,240,202,165,167,69
260 DATA 168,72,41,15,168,185,
211,3,32,210,255
270 DATA 104,74,74,74,74,168,1
85,211,3,32,210
280 DATA 255,162,31,139,227,3,
149,199,202,16,248
290 DATA 169,146,32,210,255,76
,86,137,65,66,67
300 DATA 68,69,70,71,72,74,75,
77,80,81,82,83,83
310 DATA 13,2,7,167,31,32,151,
116,117,151,128,129, 167,136
,137
90 COMPUTE! 's Gazette April 1989
Classified
SOFTWARE
FREE PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE - Request
(ree cjtjlog or send S2 for sample disk
and caulog (refundable). C6-J-128, CAUOKE
iND„ Dept, ]K, Box 18477, K.C., MO 64133
COMMODORE: TRY BEFORE YOU BUY. Best
selling games, utilities, cduc'l + clissics
ti new riHcascs. IflO's of titles, Vis.i/MC/Dise
Kree brochure. RENT-A-DISC Frederick BIdg,
"222, Hunt'n, VVV 25701 QOi) 529-3232
FREE SOITWARE FOR C-M. Send one stamp
for catalog or S2.00 for 30 sample programs and
catalog (refundable), RVH Publications, 4291
Holland Rd, #562-0, Virginia Beach. VA 23452
RENT 64/128 SOFTWARE! lOOO's of disks.
Lowest prices. No deposit or ffc. I'm-
catalog. Ccntsible Software, PC Box 930,
Si. Joseph, Ml 49085 (616)982-0327.
THOUSANDS OF PD PROGRAMS FOR C64/12S!
We have Games, Utilities, Music and much
tnoref For information write: Lightspeed
Software, POB 340427, Tampa, FL 33694
Thousands of 064/ 128 PD programs on 350 +
disks. I-rco listing or SI large catalog,
DISKS OPI.ENTY INC, 7958 Pines Blvd.,
Suite 270A, Pembroke Pines, FL 33Q24
C64/128 FINEST PUBLIC DOMAIN PROGRAMS
Pretested quality programs * Most $1,50 *
•On Disk * YOU pick the programs that VOU
want!!! Free diskfull of programs with first
order! For a list + Description send SASE to:
JLH Co., Dept. G, Box 67021, Topeka, KS 66667
C64 i C128 PD Disks S3.00 each. VISA/MC.
Free Catalog, Call or Write. BRE Software,
352 VV, Bedford, Suite 104-C, Fresno, CA
93711. (800) 622-7942. (209) 432-2159 in CA,
WIN lOnO MIlltONS!
LOTTO PICKEH PLUS t2.1
Lotto Picker Plus, the original lottary
'<^ selBt;t!on software, allows ymj lo stons
winning Lotto. KJeno. & Pidii 3/4 numbers
& ctiooM between three modes of probability
''' analysis (hot. ckie. unbiased) in ortler to give you
itie winning edge! Guaranieed to wotk for all lotieries.
Bonus numbers are easily dandled and our lull-featured
database editor gives you access to voir I lies We ^ve
you the PICKS— not a bunch of [umbled statistics! S34.85
j + 5.55 s/h). 64/128, IBM, 64K Apple II, NY res. add tax.
NOT Copy-piotected.
ORDER TODAT! 1-ai)a-E34-54fi3 ext 293 (M-F 8-5)
GE HIDGE SERVICES, INC.. t70 Broadv^ f',,-
Sude 201 -CG. New York. NY 10038 '■^^i^
Info/Dealers 7ie-317-1961
COMMODORE 64 HI-RES SCREEN DUMP FOR
152[) ploller SIO & $1 for shipping
and handling. To: E Si R DIV., 97H6
North Shore Road, Cuba, NY 14727
1581 SOFTWARE: music, gr/x, games, utl.
& more, SB per packed 3,5" PD disk.
Catalog, SI. Ben's Domain, 913 S.
Parkside, BIytheville, AR 72315
Explore the awesome world of Cellular Auto-
mata w/36 fast hi-res screens on C64 disk.
Funkier than fractals! Only SS. l.arry Cotton
3513 Camerhury Rd., New Bern, NC 28562
64/128 PD SOFTWARE, GAMES, MUSIC, UTIL,
Educ. & Hm/Bus. 5 Disk filled lull $15
10 disk filled full 525. D & V CompSoft
P.O. Box 933, Ardmore, TN 3B449
WordStar'"' V2.26 For C-12a S39.95 S4,50
p/h. Public Domain Software Copying Co.
33 Gold St„ Ste. L3, New York. NY 10038
'"•f/licroPro " 880-221-7372
COMPUTEI's Gazette Classified is a low-cost way to tell over
225,000 microcomputer owners about your product or service.
Rates: $25 per line, minimum of (our lines. Any or all of the first Ime set in capital lelteis
ai no charge. Add $15 per line (or boldface words, or S50 for Iho entire ad set in bold-
face (any ri umber of lines,) Inquire about display rates.
Terms; Prepayment is required. Check, money order, American Express, Visa, or
MasterCard is accepted. Make checks payable lo COMPUTE! Publications.
Form: Ads are subject to publisher's approval and must be either typed or legibly
printed. One line equals 40 letters and spaces between words. Please underline words
to bo set in boldface.
General Information: Advertisers using post office box numbers in their ads must supply
permanent address and telephone numbers. Orders will not be acknowledged. Ad will
appear in next available issue after receipt.
Closing; 3fd of the third month preceding cover date (e,g., June issue closes March 3rd).
Send order and remittance to; Kathleen Ingram, Classified Manager, COMPUTEI's
Gazette, P,0. Box 5406, Greensboro. NC 27403, To place an ad by phone, call Kathleen
Ingram at (919) 275-9809.
Notice: COMPUTE! Publications cannot be responsible for offers or claims of advertisers,
but v^ill attempt to screen out misleading or questionable copy.
Classified Display Rates: Classified display ads measure 2%" wide and are priced
according to height. 1" = $250: 1'/?" = $375; 2" = $500; 3" = $600; ($100 for each
additional inch. e.g. 4" = S700, etc) Preferred supplied material is Vfelox or PMT,
IFILE 128 ^$29.95= fdJiaHT
iTREK128^$19.9^ =^^
eO column
— — — ' — ' ■ v\j i^unjiitn
Dalabaso Managot version 2.0 vim GiupNcs.
The uflimate ^x>ce stroteay gome
SO ciM. giaphlcs ana souna.
BYTE
»
fiFVW 128 PUBLIC ,f«^„,„^
$3/dlsk DOMAIN ME^fl^Fiii
: or tfHK 123 purc/tose.
UallctiackorM.O i Wftonwnotopo Box 60S46
tun OilKia. CA 3?oa0546 Speciff 641 or I5SI
HARDWARE
COMMODORE/ AMIGA CHIPS, PARTS, DIAC-
nosvits, repairs (low cost S49.95 + UFS),
Send for complete catalog. Kasara Micro-
systems (Division of QEP), Kt. 9W/Kiiy
Fries Dr.. Stoney Point, NV 10980
COMPUTER REPAIR
AUTHORIZED COMtMODORE SERVICE. CE4
$43,95; C12a S64.95; 1541/1571 $59.95;
IEEE SCall. Fast Service. 30 day warranty.
We buy, sell & trade hardware. MIDWEST
COMPUTER, 519 Broadway, Cape Girardeau,
MO 63701 (314) 339-0431 EXT. 101
Authorized Repairs 064/128: S45 & $50; 1541/
1571; S50 & $65; SX6*. 128D, Amig.i, PC: SCall
816-872-6311. Quick Serv, 30 day warranty.
We buy, sell, irade, MOM St POP's COMPUTER
SHOP, Kt. 2, Box liy, Cainsville, MO 64632
C64 RErAlR S39.95 FLAT RATE. 1541/1571-
$49.95;SX64-S69.95;12B-$64.95. 24 Hr turn-
around, 90 dy warranty. A4M Computer Repair,
20 Guemwy. New Windsor. NV 12550, 914-562-7271
COMPUW.'s Gazette is
looking for utilities, games,
applications, eiducational
programs, and tutorial
articles. If you've created a
program that you think other
readers might enjoy or find
useful, send it, on tape or
disk, to:
Submissions Reviewer
COMPUTE! Publications
P.O. Box 5406
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COMPUTSrs Gnietre April 1989 91
How To Type In
COMPUTER'S Gazette Programs
Each month, COMPUTEi's Gazette
publishes programs for the Com-
modore 128, 64, Plus/4, and 16.
Each program is clearly marked by
title and version. Be sure to type in
the correct version for your ma-
chine. All 64 programs run on the
128 in 64 mode. Be sure to read the
instructions in the corresponding
article. This can save time and elim-
inate any questions which might
arise after you begin typing.
We frequently publish two
programs designed to make typing
easier; The Automatic Proofreader,
and MLX, designed for entering
machine language programs.
When entering a BASIC pro-
gram, be especially careful with
DATA statements as they are ex-
tremely sensitive to errors. A mis-
typed number in a DATA statement
can cause your machine to "lock
up" (you'll have no control over the
computer). If this happens, the only
recourse is to turn your computer
off then on, erasing what was in
memory. So be sure to save a pro-
gram before you run it. If your com-
puter crashes, you can always
reload the program and look for the
error.
Special Gfiaracters
Most of the programs listed in each
issue contain special control charac-
ters. To facilitate typing in any pro-
grams from the Gazette, use the
following listing conventions.
The most common type of con-
trol characters in our listings appear
as words within braces: {DOWN}
means to press the cursor down
key; {5 SPACES} means to press
the space bar five times.
To indicate that a key should
be shifted (hold down the SHIFT
key while pressing another key},
the character is underlined. For ex-
ample, A means hold down the
SHIFT key and press A. You may
see strange characters on your
screen, but that's to be expected. If
you find a number followed by an
underlined key enclosed in braces
(for example, {8 A}), type the key
as many times as indicated (in our
example, enter eight SHlFTed A's).
If a key is enclosed in special
brackets, % §, hold down the
Commodore key (at the lower left
corner of the keyboard) and press
the indicated character,
Rarely, you'll see a single letter
of the alphabet enclosed in braces.
This can be entered on the Commo-
dore 64 by pressing the CTRL key
while typing the letter in braces. For
example, (A} means to press
CTRL-A.
The Quote Moile
Although you can move the cursor
around the screen with the CRSR
keys, often a programmer will want
to move the cursor under program
control. This is seen in examples
such as {LEFT}, and {HOME} in
the program listings. The only way
the computer can tel! the difference
between direct and programmed
cursor control is the quote mode.
Once you press the quote key,
you're in quote mode. This mode
can be confusing if you mistype a
character and cursor left to change
it. You'll see a reverse video charac-
ter (a graphics symbol for cursor
left). In this case, you can use the
DELete key to back up and edit the
line. Type another quote and you're
out of quote mode. If things really
get confusing, you can exit quote
mode simply by pressing RETURN.
Then just cursor up to the mistyped
line and fix it.
When You Read:
{CLR}
{HOME}
I UP)
(DOWN)
(LEFT}
{RICHTl
{RVS(
{OFFt
{BLK}
IWHT}
{RED}
(CYN}
Press:
[stUFr] [qRfHQME
ClRfHOME
SHIFT
1 CRSR J
1 CRSR J
SHIFT
■^CRSR —
I— CRSR— *
o
CTRL
][
CTRL
ctrlJLT^
CTRL I [~^
CTRL
r^^rn
WliDn You Read:
{PUR}
{CRN}
{BLU}
(VELl
{ n !
\ R I
{ F3 }
( M I
( F5 }
( F6 !
{ F7 }
) F8 )
Prass:
CTRL S
CTRL d
CTRL 7
CTRL 8
n
SHIFT j f]
13
SHIFT 1 (J
GD
SHIFT (5
(7
SHIFT (7
See:
When You Read:
t
Press:
Sea:
SHIFT
Far Commoitore 64 Only
COMMODORE
[cOMMOtxiMl : 2]
□
[commodom] [Vj n
|COMMOE)0«i] [T] IT]
[commodore] [s J K
[commopore] [Tj H
commodore] [7] n
COMMODORE I [Tj
92 COMPUTEI'S Gazette April 19B9
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THEY'VE em THE prbidbh
YOU'VE GOT...
BADDUDB.
,<i
Iff,-,
Y
\j
^m
y- /fi
&■■/
BpI
^B''''/ 1^1
1 ttl***tM
striker and Blade.
The Bad Dudes. Facirg some
of the nastiest ninjas in the known
world -accompanied by a gang of fire-
spitting thugs and their cohorts, mad dogs who are intent on
serious crime. This crowd of malcontents has somehow
gotten its ugly mitts on the president of the United States.
And what they plan to do with him isn't pretty.
What Striker and Blade have to do isn't any picnic
either. But someone's got to do it, right? What better time
for you to start dishing out the BAD DUDES' om version
of the criminal justice system? The action is top-notch.
The graphics, phenomenal.
BAD DUDES from Data East. Mr. President, help is on
the way.
_ HbH ir*-'^ «-^ ii
Data East USA Inc., 470 Needles Drive, San Jose, CA 95112 (408) 286-7074
Screens shown aie frwi Itw IBM votslon Otrisr comtwlw wslms mav vary
t^ Data East USA. inc. Bad Duties is a reslstercd irademaih cl Dita E3st USA. Inc.
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